CN110126374A - 一种复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110126374A
CN110126374A CN201910525979.7A CN201910525979A CN110126374A CN 110126374 A CN110126374 A CN 110126374A CN 201910525979 A CN201910525979 A CN 201910525979A CN 110126374 A CN110126374 A CN 110126374A
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composite material
composite
layer
gas
film
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狄秋菊
黄红军
王伟伟
王鹏
赵冠翔
郗秀兰
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Hebei Huanrui Chemical Co Ltd
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Hebei Huanrui Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及封存包装材料技术领域，具体公开一种复合材料及其制备方法。所述复合材料依次包括防紫外层、纤维织物层、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜。所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将所述防紫外层涂覆在纤维织物层外表面；将铝箔与聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，得到高阻隔载体层；将气相防锈薄膜的一表面进行极化处理作为复合面；将所述高阻隔载体层的聚脂薄膜面置于所述复合面上，将所述纤维织物层的内表面置于高阻隔载体层的铝箔面上，进行热压复合，得到复合材料。本发明提供的复合材料具有优异的高阻隔、防紫外和防腐防锈等性能。

Description

一种复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及封存包装材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
军用物资在储运过程中受环境温度、湿度、光照等影响较大，尤其在恶劣环境中，军用物资的性质会发生不同程度的变化，有的甚至会变质或失效。为此，工作人员一般会在军用物资储存或运输过程中采取一定的防护措施，以确保物资安全的储存及运输。
目前，用于军用物资的防护方法较多；其中传统方法是在军用物资如枪械上涂抹黄油以隔绝物资与空气接触，以防潮防锈；另外也有用气相防锈技术来防止器械受潮锈蚀，这些防护方法虽可在短时间内起到一定的防护功效，但无法保障军用物资在长期储存过程中免受环境侵蚀，而且这种防护方法在大批量储运时存在操作不便等诸多缺陷；此外，也有采用防护材料(复合材料)封存法，虽具有较好的防护功效，但是材料的性能及制备工艺上还存在很多缺陷，如材料的耐老化性较差、柔韧性差、防锈性能不足，以及材料制备过程中热压复合工艺复杂，耗时长，导致最终产品的质量可控性低下。
发明内容
针对现有封存包装材料存在的耐老化性较差、柔韧性差、防锈性能不足以及热压复合工艺复杂，耗时长等问题，本发明提供一种复合材料及其制备方法。
为达到上述发明目的，本发明实施例采用了如下的技术方案：
一种复合材料，依次包括防紫外层、纤维织物层、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜。
具体地，所述防紫外层为涂敷在所述纤维织物层外表面的紫外反射涂层。在纤维织物层外表面涂覆紫外反射涂层，提高了复合材料的耐撕裂耐穿刺强度的同时，将紫外线屏蔽在材料之外，从而更有效减少紫外线对材料的老化作用，材料的使用寿命可以更长。同时，纤维织物层与聚酯薄膜共同作用提高复合材料的柔韧性。此外，铝箔与气相防锈薄膜相结合，使复合材料不仅具有优异的阻隔湿气的功能，还具有优异的气相防锈功能，防潮防锈共同作用，进一步地提高复合材料的防腐防锈能力。多层协同作用使复合材料具有优异的高阻隔、耐光老化和防腐防锈等性能。
进一步地，所述纤维织物层为无纺布、迷彩布或多纤维附布(aatcc)中的一种，提高了复合材料的耐撕裂耐穿刺强度和防护性能。
进一步地，所述铝箔厚度为10-12μm，阻隔湿气，防潮，与气相防锈材料共同作用提升复合材料的防腐防锈性能。进一步地，所述聚酯薄膜厚度为120～150μm，作为载体层一面复合高阻隔层，一面复合防锈层，将高阻隔层与防锈层结合到一起，使复合材料具有更加优异的防潮防锈性能。
进一步地，所述紫外反射涂层的紫外反射率为80-90％，使紫外线屏蔽在材料之外，从而更有效减少紫外线对材料的老化作用，延长材料的使用寿命。
进一步地，所述气相防锈薄膜由气相缓蚀剂(VCI)与聚乙烯树脂偶联、混合、共挤制得，厚度为12-15μm。
本发明还提供了一种上述复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述防紫外层涂覆在纤维织物层外表面；
(2)将铝箔与聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，得到高阻隔载体层；
(3)将气相防锈薄膜的一表面进行极化处理作为复合面；
(4)将所述高阻隔载体层的聚脂薄膜面置于步骤(3)的复合面上，将所述纤维织物层的内表面置于高阻隔载体层的铝箔面上，进行热压复合，得到复合材料。
具体地，纤维织物层的内表面与高阻隔载体层的铝箔面粘结，高阻隔载体层的聚脂薄膜一面与气相防锈薄膜的复合面(经极化处理的一面)粘结，经过热压复合形成复合材料，工艺简单，生产周期短，且复合材料质量便于控制。
进一步地，步骤(2)中，采用复合机加热辊进行热压复合，热压复合温度为45-55℃，复合压力为190-210kPa，速度为30-35m/min；步骤(4)中，所述热压复合的温度为55-65℃，复合压力为190-210kPa，速度为15-25m/min。
进一步地，所述极化处理方法为电晕处理，电晕极化的极化电压为3-5kV，极化温度为60-70℃，极化时间为10-20min。利用高频率高电压在被处理的塑料表面电晕放电，而产生低温等离子体，使塑料表面产生游离基反应而使聚合物发生交联.表面变粗糙增加其表面的附着能力，并保证极化处理表面不含有气相缓蚀剂。极化处理后的聚乙烯便于防锈层与载体层之间的复合，增强两层之间的粘着力，同时减少因气相防锈膜中的气相缓蚀剂的挥发对两层之间的结合强度的不利影响。
进一步地，步骤(4)中，所述纤维织物层的内表面和所述气相防锈薄膜的复合面均涂覆有热熔胶，所述热熔胶涂覆量为6-8g/m2。
进一步地，所述热熔胶为固含量为30-40％的溶剂型热熔胶，如EVA、聚酯胶、聚氨酯胶及聚酰胺胶的溶剂型热熔胶，获得薄而均匀的胶膜，便于各层之间更好的粘结复合。
相对于现有技术，本发明提供的技术方案，将防紫外层、纤维织物层、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜层叠复合而制成复合材料，以外表面涂覆紫外反射涂层的纤维织物层作为外护层，保证材料柔韧性的同时提高复合材料的耐撕裂耐穿刺强度，提升复合材料的耐光老化性能；再复合铝箔和气相防锈薄膜，显著提升复合材料的阻隔性能和防腐防锈能力。多层材料协同作用使复合材料具有优异的高阻隔、防紫外和防腐防锈等性能。此外，该复合材料制备工艺主要采用涂覆和热压复合工艺，工艺简单，生产周期短，复合材料质量便于控制。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种复合材料，由紫外反射涂层、迷彩布、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜(VpCI-126)层叠复合而成。
所述复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将紫外高反射率涂料涂覆在迷彩布外表面形成10μm的紫外反射涂层；
(2)将厚度为11μm的铝箔与厚度为130μm的聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，复合温度为50℃，气压为200kPa，速度为32m/min，得到高阻隔载体层；
(3)将厚度为13μm的气相防锈薄膜VpCI-126的一表面进行电晕极化处理15min作为复合面，其中，极化电压为5kV，极化温度为70℃；
(4)以7g/m2在迷彩布的内表面和气相防锈薄膜VpCI-126的复合面涂覆固含量为35％的溶剂型EVA热熔胶，然后，将高阻隔载体层置于迷彩布内表面与气相防锈薄膜VpCI-126的复合面中间进行热压复合，复合温度为60℃，复合压力为200kPa，速度为20m/min，得到复合材料。
实施例2
一种复合材料，由紫外反射涂层、无纺布、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜(VP-M126)层叠复合而成。
所述复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将紫外高反射率涂料涂覆在无纺布外表面形成8μm的紫外反射涂层；
(2)将厚度为12μm的铝箔与厚度为150μm的聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，复合温度为55℃，气压为210kPa，速度为35m/min，得到高阻隔载体层；
(3)将厚度为15μm的气相防锈薄膜的一表面进行电晕极化处理20min作为复合面，其中，极化电压为3kV，极化温度为60℃；
(4)以8g/m2在无纺布的内表面和气相防锈薄膜的复合面涂覆固含量为40％的溶剂型EVA热熔胶，然后，将高阻隔载体层置于无纺布内表面与气相防锈薄膜的复合面中间进行热压复合，复合温度为65℃，复合压力为210kPa，速度为25m/min，得到复合材料。
实施例3
一种复合材料，由紫外反射涂层、迷彩布、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜(SV-M126)层叠复合而成。
所述复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将紫外高反射率涂料涂覆在迷彩布外表面形成8μm的紫外反射涂层；
(2)将厚度为10μm的铝箔与厚度为120μm的聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，复合温度为45℃，气压为190kPa，速度为30m/min，得到高阻隔载体层；
(3)将厚度为12μm的气相防锈薄膜的一表面进行电晕极化处理10min作为复合面，其中，极化电压为4kV，极化温度为65℃；
(4)以6g/m2在迷彩布的内表面和气相防锈薄膜的复合面涂覆固含量为30％的溶剂型EVA热熔胶，然后，将高阻隔载体层置于迷彩布内表面与气相防锈薄膜的复合面中间进行热压复合，复合温度为55℃，复合压力为190kPa，速度为15m/min，得到复合材料。
为了更好的说明本发明实施例提供的复合材料的特性，下面将实施例1、2、3制备的复合材料进行相应性能的测试，结果如表1所示。
表1
由以上数据可得，本发明实施例提供的复合材料具有优异的阻隔性能，在单层材料中，阻隔性能最好的铝箔，其对水蒸气和氧气的透过量一般24小时为克量级，而本发明实施例提供的复合材料对氧气和水蒸气的透过量仅达到百分之一克的量级，即由于各层材料的协同作用使复合材料的阻隔性能得到了显著的提升。同时，本发明提供的复合材料具有良好的柔韧性、耐穿刺性和耐光老化性及耐盐雾腐蚀性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合材料，其特征在于：依次包括防紫外层、纤维织物层、铝箔、聚酯薄膜和气相防锈薄膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于：所述纤维织物层为无纺布、迷彩布或多纤维附布中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于：所述铝箔厚度为10-12μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于：所述聚酯薄膜厚度为120～150μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于：所述防紫外层的紫外反射率为80-90％。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于：所述气相防锈薄膜由气相缓蚀剂与聚乙烯树脂偶联、混合、共挤制得，厚度为12-15μm。
7.一种权利要求1～6任一项所述复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述防紫外层涂覆在纤维织物层外表面；
(2)将铝箔与聚脂薄膜进行热压复合，得到高阻隔载体层；
(3)将气相防锈薄膜的一表面进行极化处理作为复合面；
(4)将所述高阻隔载体层的聚脂薄膜面置于步骤(3)的复合面上，将所述纤维织物层的内表面置于高阻隔载体层的铝箔面上，进行热压复合，得到复合材料。
8.如权利要求7所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，热压复合温度为45-55℃，复合压力为190-210kPa，速度为30-35m/min；步骤(4)中，所述热压复合的温度为55-65℃，复合压力为190-210kPa，速度为15-25m/min。
9.如权利要求7所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述极化处理方法为电晕处理。
10.如权利要求7所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，所述纤维织物层的内表面和所述气相防锈薄膜的复合面均涂覆有热熔胶，所述热熔胶涂覆量为6-8g/m2。
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