CN110106823B - Fish collecting device and method suitable for built hydropower station - Google Patents
Fish collecting device and method suitable for built hydropower station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106823B CN110106823B CN201910135232.0A CN201910135232A CN110106823B CN 110106823 B CN110106823 B CN 110106823B CN 201910135232 A CN201910135232 A CN 201910135232A CN 110106823 B CN110106823 B CN 110106823B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 413
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 323
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001363 water suppression through gradient tailored excitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a fish collecting device suitable for an established hydropower station. The device comprises a tail water access door slot arranged on a tail water tower or a tail water platform and a fish collecting box arranged in the tail water tower or the tail water platform, wherein the top end of the tail water access door slot is provided with a lifting mechanism, a lowering guide rail is arranged in the tail water tower or the tail water platform, two ends of the fish collecting box are connected with the lowering guide rail, and the fish collecting box is arranged in or outside a tail water pipe/a tail water hole; the fish collecting box is provided with a fish inlet which faces to the outer side of the draft tube/tail water hole. The invention has the advantages of easy implementation, small investment, high fish collecting efficiency, better fish protection and the like. The invention also discloses a fish collecting method suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and environmental protection engineering, in particular to a fish collecting device suitable for an established hydropower station. The invention also relates to a fish collecting method suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station.
Background
According to statistics, by 2012, the water conservancy and hydropower engineering brings about non-negligible influence on the ecological environment, especially the blocking influence on fish migration channels while playing benefits of flood control, power generation, shipping and the like by 98002 seats of distribution reservoirs and 46758 seats of hydropower stations in China. Compared with a plurality of dams, the problems of blocking the migration passage of fishes in the river basin range are still quite remarkable up to the present when the fish facilities built in China are less than hundred. At present, china enters an ecological civilization construction stage, a fish migration channel of the established engineering is restored, and a river ecological system is necessary to be restored.
The fish passing facility is used as an ecological protection measure for recovering the fish migration channel, and has the functions of recovering the fish migration channel and communicating gene communication of upstream and downstream fish groups for over 300 years internationally, and the main types comprise fishways, fish lifts, lifting lock chambers, fish collecting and transporting systems and the like.
For new projects, fish passing requirements can be considered and fish passing facilities are arranged in the planning and design stage, and for established projects, the difficulty of supplementing fish passing buildings is great because the hub pattern is fixed. The fishway or the natural-imitating channel is required to be built under the condition that the dam is provided with a non-overflow dam section, but the position of the fishway or the natural-imitating channel is limited by the pivot pattern; the fish lifting machine is also built to have more requirements on the arrangement of fish collecting ports, the dam passing mode and the like, and the common engineering is difficult to realize; the fish gathering system of the fish gathering ship type is relatively independent, but has strict requirements on downstream navigation conditions. Therefore, the existing fish passing mode is difficult to apply to the established engineering as a supplementary fish passing facility in a comprehensive view, so that the recovery of the fish migration channel and the restoration effect of the river ecology are restricted.
Meanwhile, for fish passing facilities, the imported fish collecting efficiency is the most important link related to the fish passing effect no matter what fish passing facilities are. According to the migration habit of fishes, fishes generally have a tracing habit and trace to the forefront of a barrier obstacle (such as a dam) along a main stream, so that an optimal fishway inlet is generally arranged near the dam, but in actual conditions, fishes are often found to trace up into a draft tube of a factory building, such as a Han river trekker electric junction in 2016, a large amount of fishes in the field trace to the draft tube, and the fishes are trapped at a gate slot of a tail gate due to overlarge turbulence, so that the fish inlet effect of the fishway inlet arranged on the bank is affected, and part of fishes cannot escape and are injured.
Therefore, in summary, the prior art has the following drawbacks:
1) The existing engineering is used for supplementing fishways, imitating natural channels, fish lifts, fish gathering and transporting systems and other modes to pass through fish buildings, so that the arrangement and construction difficulties are great, the implementation is difficult, the cost is extremely high, and the function of the junction is possibly influenced;
2) Even if fish facilities can be supplemented, the difficulty of arranging the inlet of the fish gathering device at the optimal fish gathering position is high, the fish gathering flow is small, the fish gathering effect is limited, most of fish still gather near the tail water of a factory building, and the fish gathering efficiency is low;
therefore, it is urgent to develop a fish collecting device and method suitable for the built hydropower station, recover the blocked fish migration channel, and practically protect ecology.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a fish collecting device suitable for an established hydropower station, wherein the fish collecting device is arranged by utilizing the existing facilities of the established hydropower station, and fish is collected in the most dense area of fish by utilizing the flow characteristic of the fish, so that the fish collecting efficiency is improved, and the fish is better protected.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a fish collecting method suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station, which has the advantages of convenient work, low implementation cost, flexible adjustment of working depth, collection of fishes in different water layers and better protection of the fishes.
In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the present invention has the following technical solutions: fish collection device suitable for established hydropower station, its characterized in that: the tail water collecting device comprises a tail water access door slot arranged on a tail water tower or a tail water platform and a fish collecting box arranged in the tail water tower or the tail water platform, wherein the top end of the tail water access door slot is provided with a lifting mechanism, a lowering guide rail is arranged in the tail water tower or the tail water platform, two ends of the fish collecting box are connected with the lowering guide rail, and the fish collecting box is arranged in or outside a tail water pipe/tail water hole; the fish collecting box is provided with a fish inlet which faces to the outer side of the draft tube/tail water hole.
The water inlet side of the frame is provided with one or more water baffle structures which are transversely arranged and/or longitudinally arranged.
In the technical scheme, one or more fish collecting boxes are arranged, and when a plurality of fish collecting boxes are used for collecting fish, the plurality of fish collecting boxes are stacked and/or placed at intervals; the lifting mechanism is at least one of a tail water gate machine or a crane or an automobile crane or a rack and pinion type and/or a lowering guide rail.
In the technical scheme, the fish collecting box comprises a fish collecting box frame, rail limiting devices and lifting lugs, wherein the rail limiting devices are correspondingly arranged on two side surfaces of the fish collecting box frame, and the lifting lugs are arranged on the fish collecting box frame; the fish collecting box is connected with the lowering guide rail through rail limiting devices arranged on two sides, and the fish collecting box is connected with the lowering guide rail in a gear connection or sliding connection mode;
the fish collecting box frame is provided with a fish collecting part frame, and the fish collecting part frame occupies all or part of the space of the fish collecting box frame.
In the above technical solution, when the fish collecting part frame occupies part of the space of the fish collecting box frame, the fish collecting box frame includes a fish collecting part frame disposed at two sides, a water passing part frame disposed in the middle, and a water storing part frame disposed at the bottom; the fish collecting part frames are arranged at one side of the water passing part frame or at the left side and the right side of the water passing part frame; the water storage part frame comprises a first water storage part frame arranged at the lower end of the fish collecting part frame, and one or more first water storage part frames are arranged; the water storage part side plate is arranged on the water storage part frame and is in a watertight plate-shaped structure.
In the above technical scheme, the water storage part frame is further including locating the second water storage part frame and the connecting channel of water storage part frame lower extreme, is equipped with the grid structure that permeates water on the second water storage part frame, the grid structure that permeates water is located connecting channel side top, through between first water storage part frame and the second water storage part frame connecting channel intercommunication each other, water storage part curb plate is located on the water storage part frame, water storage part curb plate and water storage part frame constitute and hold the water structure, it is square structure with the opening up to hold the water structure.
In the above technical scheme, be equipped with the grid structure that permeates water between first water portion frame and the second water portion frame, water portion curb plate is located on the first water portion frame that deposits, water portion curb plate and first water portion frame constitution water structure that deposits, water structure that deposits is the square structure that the opening up.
In the above technical solution, when the fish collecting part frame occupies the whole space of the fish collecting case frame, the fish collecting case frame includes the fish collecting part frame and a water storing part frame disposed at the bottom of the fish collecting part frame, a water storing part side plate is disposed on the water storing part frame, the water storing part side plate is in a watertight plate structure, the water storing part side plate and the water storing part frame form a water storing structure, the water storing part side plate is disposed on the water storing part frame, and the water storing structure is in a square structure with an upward opening; the fish collecting part frame is provided with one or more fish inlets.
In the technical scheme, the fish collecting part frame is provided with the water permeable grid structure, the fish collecting part frame is provided with the escape preventing horn mouth, one end of the escape preventing horn mouth is arranged on the fish collecting part frame, and the other end of the escape preventing horn mouth extends to the inside of the fish collecting part frame to form the escape preventing mouth structure with the cross section gradually reduced;
the fish inlet is arranged on an escape preventing structure of the escape preventing horn mouth and is positioned in the fish collecting part frame; the fish collecting part frame, the water permeable grid structure and the escape preventing horn mouth are surrounded to form a fish storage box, the fish inlet is communicated with the inside of the fish storage box, and the fish storage box is communicated with the water storage structure;
the lower guide rail is vertically arranged; the track limiting device is vertically arranged on the side face of the fish box frame, and the lowering guide rail and the track limiting device are arranged in parallel.
In order to achieve the second object of the present invention, the present invention has the following technical scheme: the fish collecting method of the fish collecting device suitable for the built hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: connecting the fish collecting box to a lifting mechanism, and lowering the fish collecting box to a proper water depth in a tail water tower or a tail water platform along a lowering guide rail by the lifting mechanism, wherein the fish collecting box faces to the outer side of a tail water pipe/a tail water hole;
step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows into the fish collecting box from the rear side and flows out from the front side of the fish collecting box to form fish attracting water flow, and fish enters the fish collecting box along the fish inlet under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow;
step three: when enough fishes enter the fish collecting box, the fish collecting box is vertically lifted to a tail horizontal table along the lowering guide rail by utilizing the lifting mechanism;
in the process of lifting the fish collecting box by the lifting mechanism, water flows out of the water permeable grid structure and the water passing part frame on the fish collecting box; after the fish collecting box rises out of the water surface, the fish in the fish collecting box is concentrated in the fish storing box or in the fish storing box and water storing structure.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention utilizes the existing facilities of the hydropower station to the greatest extent, can implement the engineering with the tail water hole (pipe), has low transformation cost and does not influence the main body pivot function;
(2) The tail water generated by the factory building is utilized to the greatest extent for attracting fish, so that the flow is large, and the fish collecting efficiency is high; according to the fish gathering device, the fish gathering is carried out in the most dense area of the fish by utilizing the characteristic of the fish in a flow direction, so that the fish gathering efficiency can be greatly improved (the fish gathering water amount is large and can generally reach more than hundred times of the fish gathering flow of a conventional fish lift); the invention overcomes the defects that the fish-attracting water flow at the fish inlet is smaller, the fish-attracting water cannot compete with the tail water of the power station, most of fish gathers at the tail water of the power station, and the fish gathering efficiency of the fish-gathering facility is low (the invention uses the power generation tail water to attract fish, does not consume water and electric power, has lower running cost, and the fish-raising machine in the prior art generally uses the upstream water diversion or water pump to supplement water according to the average 2.0m 3 The water supplementing amount per second is calculated, the daily water consumption is about 17.3 ten thousand tons, the power consumption is about 1.5 ten thousand degrees of electricity, and the operation cost is higher);
(3) The invention does not need additional water supplement, avoids diversion from the dam or diversion from a pump station built, and greatly saves engineering operation cost (the construction cost of a common fish lift is about 2000-4000 ten thousand yuan, and the cost of the invention is about 1000 ten thousand yuan); overcomes the defects of large water supplementing amount and high running cost of the fish passing facility in the prior art;
(4) The fish transfer device can safely transfer fish, and avoids the risk of being injured and caught by fishermen caused by long-time trapping in turbulent water areas such as tail water gate slots;
(5) The invention can flexibly adjust the working depth and collect fish in different water layers; overcomes the defects that the fish inlet depth is fixed and the fishes at the surface layer and the bottom layer are difficult to consider in the prior art; the fish-attracting device has one or more fish inlets, and under the power generation working conditions of different power stations, the fish inlets form high and low fish-attracting flow rates, fish can freely select the favored fish inlets to enter, so that the fish-attracting device is suitable for a wide range of working conditions.
The invention is suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station, the fish collecting box is directly placed at the last point of the tracing of the fish (namely, the tail water pipe/tail water hole of the factory building), and the method for collecting the migratory fish in the river channel is suitable for all hydropower stations with power generation tail water holes (pipes), so that the fish can be collected with brand new high efficiency; in the fish passing facility engineering, the fish collecting efficiency can be improved by adopting the fish collecting device to collect fish, meanwhile, the fish is prevented from being remained and even injured at the tail water pipe/tail water hole for a long time, and the fish is better protected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the fish-collecting box according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fish-collecting box according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a downstream side view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an upstream face view of fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is a top view of fig. 4.
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a lifting mechanism and a connection structure of a fish tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, the water tower comprises a 1-tail water tower, a 2-tail water access door slot, a 3-fish collecting box, a 3.1-fish collecting box frame, a 3.11-fish collecting part frame, a 3.12-water passing part frame, a 3.13-water storage part frame, a 3.131-first water storage part frame, a 3.132-second water storage part frame, a 3.133-connecting channel, a 3.2-track limiting device, a 3.3-lifting lug, a 3.4-water permeable grid structure, a 3.5-water storage part side plate, a 3.6-fish collecting box, a 3.7-water storage structure, a 3.8-escape preventing horn mouth, a 3.9-fish inlet mouth, a 3.10-water baffle structure, a 4-lifting mechanism, a 5-lowering guide rail, a 6-tail water pipe/tail water hole, a 7-connecting tower, an 8-tail water access door hole, a 9-tail water platform, a 10-tail water access door automatic grabbing beam and a 11-cable.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the fish collecting device suitable for the built hydropower station comprises a tail water access door slot 2 arranged on a tail water tower 1 or a tail water platform 9 and a fish collecting box 3 arranged in the tail water tower 1 or the tail water platform 9, wherein a lifting mechanism 4 is arranged at the top end of the tail water access door slot 2, the lifting mechanism 4 can utilize the existing tail water door machine, a lowering guide rail 5 is arranged in the tail water tower 1 or the tail water platform 9, two ends of the fish collecting box 3 are connected with the lowering guide rail 5, and the fish collecting box 3 is arranged in or outside a tail water pipe/a tail water hole 6; the fish collecting box 3 is provided with a fish inlet 3.9, and the fish inlet 3.9 faces to the outer side of the draft tube/tail water hole (shown in fig. 1 and 2).
There is the breakwater structure 3.10 locate in the frame 1, and be located the frame 1 water inlet, the shape and the size of breakwater structure 3.10 set for according to actual demand, breakwater structure 8 has one or more, breakwater structure 8 is horizontal and/or indulges and put, and its effect is can stop rivers, forms in certain region and slowly flows the region, satisfies the rest needs of fish, avoids fish long-time swimming to produce tiredly.
When a plurality of fish collecting boxes 3 are adopted for collecting fish, the plurality of fish collecting boxes 3 are stacked and/or placed at intervals (as shown in fig. 1 and 2), and the fish collecting boxes 3 are connected to the lifting mechanism 4 through lifting mechanism cables 11 sleeved on lifting lugs 3.3; the lifting system can utilize the lifting mechanism (gantry crane) of the existing tail water access door and supporting facilities (automatic grabbing beam); the lifting mechanism can be connected with the cable through the lifting lug, the lowering guide rail, the track limiting device and the cable to lift the fish collection box, and the track limiting device corresponds to the lowering guide rail and can ascend or descend along the lowering guide rail; the lifting mode of the lifting mechanism 4 for the fish gathering tank 3 is not limited to lifting by using lifting lugs, a lowering guide rail, a rail limiting device and a cable, and also comprises lifting by using other modes such as a rack and pinion type lifting machine, a gantry crane, an automobile crane and the like.
The fish collecting box 3 comprises a fish collecting box frame 3.1, rail limiting devices 3.2 which are correspondingly arranged on two side surfaces of the fish collecting box frame 3.1, and a plurality of lifting lugs which are arranged on the fish collecting box frame 3.1, wherein the lifting lugs 3.3 are correspondingly arranged at the upper end or the side surface or the bottom of the fish collecting part frame 3.11, the lifting lugs are arranged on the fish collecting box frame according to the box body structure and the gravity center, the stability of the fish collecting box in the lifting process is maintained, the lifting lugs are lifting points for lifting, and can be connected through cables of a lifting mechanism and lift the fish collecting box; the fish collecting box 3 is connected with the descending guide rail 5 through rail limiting devices 3.2 arranged on two sides, the fish collecting box 3 and the descending guide rail 5 are connected in a gear connection or sliding connection mode, the purpose of the fish collecting box is to slide up and down along a door slot, the rail limiting devices correspond to the descending guide rail, and the fish collecting box can vertically ascend or descend along the descending guide rail; the fish collecting box frame is a main body connecting structure of the fish collecting box;
the fish collecting box frame 3.1 is provided with a fish collecting part frame 3.11, and the fish collecting part frame 3.11 occupies the whole space or part space of the fish collecting box frame 3.1.
When the fish collecting part frame 3.11 occupies part of the space of the fish collecting box frame 3.1, the fish collecting box frame 3.1 comprises fish collecting part frames 3.11 arranged at two sides, a water passing part frame 3.12 arranged at the middle part and a water storing part frame 3.13 arranged at the bottom; one or more fish collecting part frames 3.11 are arranged, and the fish collecting part frames 3.11 are arranged on one side of the water passing part frame 3.12 or on the left side and the right side of the water passing part frame 3.12; the water storage part frame 3.13 comprises a first water storage part frame 3.131 arranged at the lower end of the fish collecting part frame 3.11, and one or more first water storage part frames 3.131 are arranged; the water storage part side plate 3.5 is arranged on the water storage part frame 3.13, and the water storage part side plate 3.5 is of a watertight plate-shaped structure (shown in figures 1, 3 and 9), and the fish collecting box frame mainly has the function of maintaining the firmness of the fish collecting box structure, so that the fish collecting box can be kept firm and stable under the impact of water flow.
The water storage part frame 3.13 further comprises a second water storage part frame 3.132 and a connecting channel 3.133 which are arranged at the lower end of the water storage part frame 3.12, a water permeable grid structure 3.4 is arranged on the second water storage part frame 3.132, the water permeable grid structure 3.4 is arranged above the side of the connecting channel 3.133, fish is prevented from escaping from the upper end of the second water storage part frame, the first water storage part frame 3.131 and the second water storage part frame 3.132 are mutually communicated through the connecting channel 3.133, the water storage part side plate 3.5 is arranged on the front side surface, the rear side surface, the left side surface and the right side surface of the water storage part frame 3.13, the water storage part side plate 3.5 and the water storage part frame 3.13 form a water storage structure 3.7, fish can freely escape from the upper end of the first water storage part frame and the second water storage part frame, the moving range of the fish is enlarged, the water storage part side plate 3.5 and the water storage part frame 3.13 can meet the requirements of a water storage tank with a certain water storage depth as shown in a water storage tank 3.7, and the water storage tank can be kept in a water storage tank with a certain depth as shown in a water storage tank depth.
The water-permeable grid structure 3.4 is arranged between the first water storage part frame 3.131 and the second water storage part frame 3.132, the water storage part side plates 3.5 and the first water storage part frame 3.131 form a water storage structure 3.7, the water storage part side plates 3.5 are arranged on the front side surface, the rear side surface, the left side surface and/or the right side surface and the bottom surface of the first water storage part frame 3.131, the water storage structure 3.7 is of a square structure with an upward opening (as shown in fig. 3 and 4), water with a certain depth is stored through the water storage structure, and the water depth meeting the requirements of fishes can be kept in the fish tank after the fish tank rises out of the water surface, so that the fishes are protected better.
When the fish collecting part frame 3.11 occupies the whole space of the fish collecting box frame 3.1, the fish collecting box frame 3.1 comprises the fish collecting part frame 3.11 and a water storing part frame 3.13 arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting part frame 3.11, a water storing part side plate 3.5 is arranged on the water storing part frame 3.13, the water storing part side plate 3.5 is in a watertight plate structure, the water storing part side plate 3.5 and the water storing part frame 3.13 form a water storing structure 3.7, the water storing part side plate 3.5 is arranged on the front side surface, the rear side surface, the left side surface, the right side surface and the bottom surface of the water storing part frame 3.13, and the water storing structure 3.7 is in a square structure with an upward opening; one or more fish inlets 3.9 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is that the fish collecting part frame occupies the whole space of the fish collecting box frame, and fig. 4 is that the fish collecting part frame occupies the part space of the fish collecting box frame) are arranged on the fish collecting part frame 3.11, so that fish collecting is facilitated; the water body with a certain depth is stored through the water storage structure, and the water depth meeting the requirements of fishes can be kept in the fish collecting box after the fish collecting box rises out of the water surface.
The fish part frame 3.11 is provided with a water permeable grid structure 3.4; the left side surface, the right side surface and the top surface of the fish collecting part frame 3.11 are respectively provided with a water permeable grid structure 3.4 and/or a watertight structure; the front side and/or the left side and/or the right side of the fish collecting part frame 3.11 are/is provided with an escape preventing horn mouth 3.8, one end of the escape preventing horn mouth 3.8 is arranged on the front side and/or the left side and/or the right side of the fish collecting part frame 3.11, the other end extends towards the inside of the fish collecting part frame 3.11 to form an escape preventing structure with gradually reduced cross section, the escape preventing horn mouth has the function of forming a one-way passing structure for easily entering and difficultly exiting fish, so that the fish can enter the fish collecting box from the outer side through the escape preventing horn mouth, and simultaneously, the fish cannot escape from the inside of the fish collecting box to the outside of the fish collecting box easily. The fish inlet 3.9 is arranged at the end part of the escape-proof horn mouth 3.8 and is positioned in the fish collecting part frame 3.11; the fish collecting part frame 3.11, the water permeable grid structure 3.4 and the escape preventing horn mouth 3.8 are surrounded to form a fish storing box 3.6, the fish inlet 3.9 is communicated with the inside of the fish storing box 3.6, the fish storing box 3.6 is communicated with the water storing structure 3.7 (shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), the escape preventing horn mouth 3.8 is of a water permeable grid structure, the escape preventing horn mouth and the water permeable grid structure on the rear side surface of the fish collecting part frame can prevent fish from escaping, and water flow in the fish collecting box is not limited; the bottom of the fish storage box is provided with an inclined bottom plate, the fish storage box is provided with a fish storage opening and a fish storage gate, and the inclined bottom plate has the function of discharging water and fish in the box completely by opening the gate;
the lower guide rail 5 is vertically arranged; the track limiting device 3.2 is vertically arranged on the side surface of the fish-collecting box frame 3.1, the descending guide rail 5 and the track limiting device 3.2 are arranged in parallel (as shown in fig. 1 and 2), and the limiting device of the fish-collecting box frame is matched with the track in size and has the function of ensuring that the fish-collecting box slides up and down smoothly along the track.
The density of the water-permeable grille is determined according to the characteristic parameters of the fish gathering target, such as body length, body width, body height and the like.
A connecting tower is arranged between two adjacent tail water towers 1, and a fish collecting box frame 3.1 is a steel frame.
The fish collecting method suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station comprises the following steps:
step one: the fish collection box 3 is connected to the lifting mechanism 4 through a cable 11, and the lifting mechanism 4 lowers the fish collection box 3 to a proper depth of water in the tail water tower 1 or the tail water platform 9 along the lowering guide rail 5 and faces the outer side of the tail water pipe/tail water hole;
step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the rear side of the fish collecting box 3 and flows out from the front side of the fish collecting box 3 to form fish attracting water flow, fish enters the fish collecting box 3 along the fish inlet 3.9 under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow, and a proper water flow place is found for rest;
step three: when enough fish enter the fish collection box 3, the fish collection box 3 is vertically lifted to a tail water platform 9 along a lowering guide rail 5 by a lifting mechanism 4 (shown in fig. 1 and 2);
during lifting of the fish-collecting tank 3 by the lifting mechanism 4, water flows out of the water-permeable grid structure 3.4 on the fish-collecting tank 3; after the fish collecting box 3 rises out of the water, the fish in the fish collecting box 3 is concentrated in the fish storing box 3.6 or in the fish storing box 3.6 and the water storing structure 3.7 (as shown in fig. 3).
Examples
The invention is applied to a certain built hydropower station for detailed description, and has the guiding function on the application of the invention to other built hydropower stations.
If two water-retaining hubs are located on the Yangtze river basin, the water-retaining hubs are built in the 90 th and 21 st century 00 s respectively, 21 units and 32 units are installed respectively, and the generated energy is 175 kilowatts and 2240 kilowatts respectively. After two hydropower hubs are built, huge benefits of flood control, power generation and shipping are exerted, and meanwhile, blocking influence is caused on migration fishes in the Yangtze river basin. The fish resources in Yangtze river basin, especially the migratory fish resources, are obviously reduced in nearly thirty years, and the blocking effect of the water conservancy junction is also one of the important reasons. After the restoring of the ecological environment of the Yangtze river is put at an overwhelming position, the restoring of the migration channel of the Yangtze river fish has important ecological significance.
The two water conservancy junctions are built, the building arrangement is compact, the main river channel is not provided with the fishway, the natural-imitating channel and the fish lift, and the fishway arranged on two sides faces the problems of steep side slopes, complex geological conditions, large excavation amount, huge investment and the like. Therefore, the construction of fish facilities by the established engineering becomes a technical difficulty for restricting the ecological restoration of the Yangtze river, and needs to be overcome. The fish collecting device and the fish collecting method thereof can utilize the existing tail water platform of two projects, arrange the fish collecting box at the outlet of the tail water pipe (or the tail water hole), induce fish by utilizing the power generation tail water, lift by the existing tail water gate machine and then transport to the upstream for releasing by other modes such as vehicles and the like. The method can realize the purpose of repairing the migration channel of the fish in the Yangtze river basin and protecting the aquatic ecosystem.
A fish collecting method suitable for a fish collecting device of an established hydropower station comprises the following steps:
step one: the fish collection box 3 is connected to the lifting mechanism 4, the lifting mechanism 4 is an existing tail water gate machine, the existing tail water gate machine lowers the fish collection box 3 to a proper water depth in a tail water platform or a tail water tower 1 along a lowering guide rail 5 through a tail water access door automatic grab beam 10 fixed with a cable 11, the lowering guide rail 5 is an existing gate machine track, and the fish collection box 3 faces to the outer side of a tail water pipe or a tail water hole 6 (as shown in figures 1, 2, 4 and 5);
step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the rear side of the fish collecting box 3 and flows out from the front side of the fish collecting box 3 to form fish attracting water flow, fish enters the fish collecting box 3 along the fish inlet 3.9 under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow, and a proper water flow place is found for rest;
when not generating electricity, no water flow passes through the fish collecting box 3, the fish collecting box 3 is placed into a proper water depth in or outside a draft tube or a tail water hole 6, and partial fishes randomly enter or fish attracting measures such as baits, lights and the like are placed in the box body of the fish collecting box 3 to attract the fishes to enter the fish collecting box 3;
step three: when enough fish enter the fish collection box 3, the fish collection box 3 is vertically lifted (lifted upwards from the tail water access door slot 2 and penetrates through the tail water access door hole 8) along the lowering guide rail 5 by the lifting mechanism 4 through the lifting mechanism 4 and lifted onto the tail water platform 9;
in the process of lifting the fish collecting box 3 by the existing tail water gate machine, water flows out of the permeable grid structure 3.4 on the fish collecting box 3; after the fish collecting box 3 rises out of the water, the fish in the fish collecting box 3 is concentrated in the fish storing box 3.6 or in the fish storing box 3.6 and the water storing structure 3.7 (as shown in fig. 9 and 10).
Conclusion: the fish in the hydropower station is collected by using the method, so that the fish can be collected efficiently; in the fish passing facility engineering, the fish collecting efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the fish is prevented from being remained and even injured at the tail water pipe or the tail water hole for a long time, and the fish is better protected.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the fish collecting device and the fish collecting method suitable for the built hydropower station compared with the prior art, workers compare the two technical schemes, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table, the fish collecting device and the fish collecting method thereof suitable for the built hydropower station are easy to implement, low in cost and high in fish collecting efficiency, and can adjust the working depth to collect fish in different water layers.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (8)
1. Fish collection device suitable for established hydropower station, its characterized in that: the device comprises a tail water access door slot (2) arranged on a tail water tower (1) or a tail water platform (9) and a fish collecting box (3) arranged in the tail water tower (1) or the tail water platform (9), wherein a lifting mechanism (4) is arranged at the top end of the tail water access door slot (2), a lowering guide rail (5) is arranged in the tail water tower (1) or the tail water platform (9), two ends of the fish collecting box (3) are connected with the lowering guide rail (5), and the fish collecting box (3) is arranged in or outside a tail water pipe/a tail water hole (6); a fish inlet (3.9) is formed in the fish collecting box (3), and the fish inlet (3.9) faces to the outer side of the draft tube/tail water hole (6);
the fish collection box (3) comprises a fish collection box frame (3.1);
the fish collecting box comprises a fish collecting box frame (3.1) and is characterized in that a water baffle structure (3.10) is arranged in the fish collecting box frame (3.1) and is positioned at the water inlet side of the fish collecting box frame (3.1), one or more water baffle structures (3.10) are arranged, and the water baffle structure (3.10) is horizontally arranged and/or longitudinally arranged;
the fish collecting box frame (3.1) is provided with a fish collecting part frame (3.11), and the fish collecting part frame (3.11) occupies the whole space or part space of the fish collecting box frame (3.1);
when the fish collecting part frame (3.11) occupies part of the space of the fish collecting box frame (3.1), the fish collecting box frame (3.1) comprises the fish collecting part frames (3.11) arranged on two sides, a water passing part frame (3.12) arranged in the middle and a water storing part frame (3.13) arranged at the bottom; the fish collecting part frames (3.11) are multiple, and the fish collecting part frames (3.11) are arranged on the left side and the right side of the water passing part frames (3.12); the water storage part frame (3.13) comprises a first water storage part frame (3.131) arranged at the lower end of the fish collecting part frame (3.11), and one or more first water storage part frames (3.131) are arranged; the water storage part side plate (3.5) is arranged on the water storage part frame (3.13), and the water storage part side plate (3.5) is in a watertight plate structure.
2. The fish gathering device as recited in claim 1 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: when a plurality of fish collecting boxes (3) are adopted for collecting fish, the plurality of fish collecting boxes (3) are stacked and/or placed at intervals; the lifting mechanism (4) is at least one of a tail water gate machine or a crane or an automobile crane or a rack and pinion type and/or a lowering guide rail.
3. The fish gathering device as recited in claim 2 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: the fish collecting box comprises rail limiting devices (3.2) which are correspondingly arranged on two side surfaces of a fish collecting box frame (3.1), and lifting lugs (3.3) which are arranged on the fish collecting box frame (3.1), wherein the lifting lugs (3.3) are multiple; the fish collecting box (3) is connected with the descending guide rail (5) through rail limiting devices (3.2) arranged on two sides, and the fish collecting box (3) is connected with the descending guide rail (5) in a gear connection or sliding connection mode.
4. A fish gathering device as recited in claim 3 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: the water storage part frame (3.13) further comprises a second water storage part frame (3.132) and a connecting channel (3.133) which are arranged at the lower end of the water storage part frame (3.12), a water permeable grid structure (3.4) is arranged on the second water storage part frame (3.132), the water permeable grid structure (3.4) is located above the side of the connecting channel (3.133), the first water storage part frame (3.131) and the second water storage part frame (3.132) are mutually communicated through the connecting channel (3.133), the water storage part side plates (3.5) are arranged on the water storage part frame (3.13), the water storage part side plates (3.5) and the water storage part frame (3.13) form a water storage structure (3.7), and the water storage structure (3.7) is of a square structure with an upward opening.
5. A fish gathering device as recited in claim 3 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: be equipped with water permeable grid structure (3.4) between first water storage part frame (3.131) and second water storage part frame (3.132), water storage part curb plate (3.5) are located on first water storage part frame (3.131), water storage part curb plate (3.5) and first water storage part frame (3.131) constitute water storage structure (3.7), water storage structure (3.7) are square structure with the opening up.
6. The fish gathering device as recited in claim 2 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: when the fish collecting part frame (3.11) occupies the whole space of the fish collecting box frame (3.1), the fish collecting box frame (3.1) comprises the fish collecting part frame (3.11) and a water storing part frame (3.13) arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting part frame (3.11), a water storing part side plate (3.5) is arranged on the water storing part frame (3.13), the water storing part side plate (3.5) is in a waterproof plate-shaped structure, the water storing part side plate (3.5) and the water storing part frame (3.13) form a water storing structure (3.7), the water storing part side plate (3.5) is arranged on the water storing part frame (3.13), and the water storing structure (3.7) is in a square structure with an upward opening; one or more fish inlets (3.9) are arranged on the fish collecting part frame (3.11).
7. The fish gathering device as recited in claim 4 or 5 adapted for use in an established hydropower station, wherein: a water-permeable grid structure (3.4) is arranged on the fish collecting part frame (3.11), an escape-proof horn mouth (3.8) is arranged on the fish collecting part frame (3.11), one end of the escape-proof horn mouth (3.8) is arranged on the fish collecting part frame (3.11), and the other end extends towards the inside of the fish collecting part frame (3.11) to form an escape-proof mouth structure with a gradually reduced cross section;
the fish inlet (3.9) is arranged on an escape preventing structure of the escape preventing horn mouth (3.8) and is positioned in the fish collecting part frame (3.11); the fish collecting part frame (3.11), the water permeable grid structure (3.4) and the escape preventing horn mouth (3.8) are surrounded to form a fish storage box (3.6), the fish inlet (3.9) is communicated with the inside of the fish storage box (3.6), and the fish storage box (3.6) is communicated with the water storage structure (3.7);
the lower guide rail (5) is vertically arranged; the track limiting device (3.2) is vertically arranged on the side face of the fish collection box frame (3.1), and the lowering guide rail (5) and the track limiting device (3.2) are arranged in parallel.
8. A fish gathering method for a fish gathering device for use in an established hydropower station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: the fish collecting box (3) is connected to the lifting mechanism (4), the lifting mechanism (4) lowers the fish collecting box (3) to a proper depth of water in the tail water tower (1) or the tail water platform (9) along the lowering guide rail (5), and the fish collecting box (3) faces to the outer side of the tail water pipe/tail water hole (6);
step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the rear side of the fish collecting box (3) and flows out from the front side of the fish collecting box (3) to form fish attracting water flow, and fish enters the fish collecting box (3) along the fish inlet (3.9) under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow;
step three: when enough fishes enter the fish collecting box (3), the fish collecting box (3) is vertically lifted to the tail water platform (9) along the lowering guide rail (5) by the lifting mechanism (4);
in the process of lifting the fish collecting box (3) by the lifting mechanism (4), water flows out of the water permeable grid structure (3.4) and the water passing part frame (3.12) on the fish collecting box (3); after the fish collecting box (3) rises out of the water surface, the fishes in the fish collecting box (3) are concentrated in the fish storing box (3.6) or in the fish storing box (3.6) and the water storing structure (3.7).
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| CN110106823B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2023-12-01 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Fish collecting device and method suitable for built hydropower station |
| CN113356157B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-06-14 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fish collecting system and method for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station |
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