CN110105478B - 一种板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂及制备技术领域,具体涉及一种板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚烯烃是产量最大且应用最为广泛的高分子材料,可用于制备食品包装、医疗设备、光学元件等。近年来,我国聚烯烃年产量和年消费量呈稳步提升,但年进口量也逐渐提升。这主要是由于,我国聚烯烃产业集约化程度较低,产品趋于低端化。为了提高我国聚烯烃行业在全球范围内的竞争力,需要提高我国高端聚烯烃产品的产量和产能,而在这一方面最主要和最有效的途径就是设计和开发新型高效的烯烃聚合催化剂。
由于双核α-二亚胺催化剂含有两个金属中心,这两个活性中心之间存在一定的协同作用,近几年来成为研究的热点,如中国发明专利200710070354.3、201210276244.3、201410024754.0、201710326142.0分别提供了双核(α-二亚胺)镍/钯催化剂,由于双核(α-二亚胺)镍/钯催化剂含有两个金属中心,这两个活性中心之间存在特殊的协调效应,但上述方法得到的双核催化剂的骨架为线性骨架,高温条件下,配合物中配体苯胺芳环容易绕碳-氮键旋转,当接近于和配位平面共平面时发生苯胺邻位取代基的碳-氢活化而导致催化剂失活,从而使其催化性能下降,所以传统的α-二亚胺镍体系随温度的升高迅速失活,对烯烃的活性聚合只能在低温下进行。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于提供了一种板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂及其制备方法和应用,解决现有烯烃聚合催化剂具有催化性能低和热稳定性差的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下方案:一种板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂,其结构通式如下所示:
本发明双核α-二亚胺催化剂的板型结构是利用刚性骨架构筑出相互平行的双层配体骨架,由于刚性骨架对催化剂构象的限定作用能够有效提高活性中心周围的位阻环境以及双金属中心协同作用,从而抑制聚合反应过程中的“配位-解离”交换反应,实现在高温条件下仍具有良好的催化活性,并且得到的聚合物功能序列含量和分子量提高,支化度降低。
作为优选的,所述脂肪基团为以下结构中的一种:
作为优选的,所述芳香基团为以下结构中的一种:
作为优选的,所述中心金属原子为钯、镍、钴、铁或铜。
本发明还提供了上述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)板型α-二亚胺配体的制备:将桥联的双层板型双-9,10-二氢-2,3-二蒽酮与胺类化合物加入溶剂中混合均匀,然后将其于30~200℃下反应4~72h后,反应结束后,再将反应体系浓缩并重结晶提纯,得到的固体即为板型α-二亚胺配体;所述胺类化合物芳香胺和/或脂肪胺;
2)板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备:将步骤1)得到的板式α-二亚胺配体与金属预配盐加入溶剂中,再将其于0~130℃下搅拌反应1h~24h后,滤除悬浮液,取滤液并浓缩,重结晶提纯,得到固体即为板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂。
作为优选的,所述金属预配盐为钯盐、镍盐、钴盐、铁盐或铜盐。
作为优选的,所述双-9,10-二氢-2,3-二蒽酮与胺类化合物的摩尔比为1:4~1:8。
作为优选的,所述板式α-二亚胺配体与金属预配盐的摩尔比为1:1~2:1。
作为优选的,所述溶剂为芳香烃或卤代烃。
本发明还提供了上述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂在烯烃聚合中的应用。所述烯烃聚合反应中的单体为乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-癸烯、降冰片烯、二环戊二烯、1,4-丁二烯和苯乙烯中的一种或多种。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明所涉及的板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的骨架为刚性环状骨架,能够有效限制催化剂的构象变化,从而使其在较高温度下依然保持优异的催化性能。由于桥连基团的引入使两个金属中心之间距离足够近,二者之间协同作用能够有效提高催化剂对极性基团的耐受性,且大位阻骨架可以有效地保护催化剂金属中心,增加了基态活性中的不稳定性,加速了乙烯插入的进程,从而提高了催化剂的活性。同时,大体积配体的空间效应极大的减少了活性链向单体的转移速率,从而得到高分子量聚合物。
2、本发明板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂在催化烯烃聚合反应具有催化活性高,热稳定性好,能够在高温的聚合温度下在催化烯烃聚合时仍然保持较高的催化活性,并可以催化得到高分子量、高极性基团含量、结构和性能高度可控的功能化聚烯烃材料。
3、本发明板型α-二亚胺催化剂以价格低廉的α-二酮、芳胺、脂肪胺等为原料,通过高效的缩合和配位反应制备,制备原料成本低,合成路线短,反应产率高,易实现工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中制备α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体的核磁共振质谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
1)板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体的制备:
在连接有分水器的反应瓶中加入100mL的甲苯,0.005mol的具有板型结构的5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮和0.030mol的2,6-二异丙基苯胺,加热到120℃反应24h。反应结束后,浓缩至30mL,置于冰箱中结晶,得到的晶体物质变为板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体。
将得到的配体进行核磁共振谱图分析,如图1所示。
从图中可以得出,该配体的结构如下所示:
2)板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]钯(II)催化剂的制备
在反应瓶中加入30mL的二氯甲烷,随后加入0.005mol的板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体和0.010mol的(COD)PdClMe,在30℃下反应12h,反应结束后,浓缩至5mL,并加入20mL正己烷进行重结晶提纯,得到的粉末固体即为板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]钯(II)催化剂。
3)催化乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯共聚合
在干燥氮气保护气氛下,向100mL的不锈钢高压釜中依次注射50mL甲苯、0.8g丙烯酸甲酯、0.1mmol的NaBAF作为助催化剂和0.02mmol的板型α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]钯(II)催化剂,再将高压釜中乙烯压力调制10MPa并保持至聚合结束,70℃下反应30min后,停止乙烯气体供应,通过泄气阀将高压釜内未反应的乙烯气体排出后,然后将上述聚合体系倾倒至300mL乙醇和30mL浓盐酸的混合溶液中终止反应,过滤收集白色聚乙烯固体,于60℃下真空干燥至恒重。所得聚乙烯产量为2.7g,催化剂活性为0.14×106gPE/molPd·h,聚合产物的分子量为95000,1H-NMR测定聚合物支化度为37C/1000C,极性基团含量1.2mol%。
实施例2
1)板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体的制备:
在连接有分水器的反应瓶中加入100mL的甲苯,0.005mol的具有板型结构的5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮和0.030mol的2,6-二异丙基苯胺,加热到120℃反应24h。反应结束后,浓缩至30mL,置于冰箱中结晶,得到的晶体物质变为板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体。
2)板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]镍(II)催化剂的制备
在反应瓶中加入30mL的二氯甲烷,随后加入0.005mol的板型α-二(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺配体和0.010mol的(DME)2NiBr2,在30℃下反应12h,反应结束后,浓缩至5mL,并加入20mL正己烷进行重结晶提纯,得到的粉末固体即为板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]镍(II)催化剂。
3)催化乙烯聚合
在干燥氮气保护气氛下,向100mL的不锈钢高压釜中依次注射50mL甲苯、0.1mmol的MAO作为助催化剂和0.02mmol的板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]镍(II)催化剂,使高压釜中乙烯压力调制30MPa并保持至聚合结束,80℃下反应30min后,停止乙烯气体供应,通过泄气阀将高压釜内未反应的乙烯气体排出后,将聚合体系倾倒至300mL乙醇和30mL浓盐酸的混合溶液中终止反应,过滤收集白色聚乙烯固体,于60℃下真空干燥至恒重。所得聚乙烯产量为44.3g,催化剂活性为2.22×106gPE/molPd·h,聚合产物的分子量为655000,1H-NMR测定聚合物支化度为23C/1000C。
实施例3
1)α-二苯亚胺配体的制备:
在连接有分水器的反应瓶中加入100mL的二甲苯,0.005mol的具有板型结构的5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮和0.030mol的苯胺,加热到140℃反应72h。反应结束后,浓缩至30mL,置于冰箱中结晶,得到的晶体物质变为板型α-二苯亚胺配体。
2)板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]钯(II)催化剂的制备
在反应瓶中加入30mL的二氯甲烷,随后加入0.005mol的板型α-二苯亚胺配体和0.010mol的(COD)PdClMe,在30℃下反应24h,反应结束后,浓缩至5mL,并加入20mL正己烷进行重结晶提纯,得到的粉末固体即为板型双核α-二苯亚胺钯(II)催化剂。
3)催化乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯共聚合
在干燥氮气保护气氛下,向100mL的不锈钢高压釜中依次注射50mL甲苯、0.8g丙烯酸甲酯、0.1mmol的NaBAF作为助催化剂和0.02mmol的板型α-二苯亚胺钯(II)催化剂,再将高压釜中乙烯压力调制10MPa并保持至聚合结束,50℃下反应30min后,停止乙烯气体供应,通过泄气阀将高压釜内未反应的乙烯气体排出后,然后将上述聚合体系倾倒至300mL乙醇和30mL浓盐酸的混合溶液中终止反应,过滤收集白色聚乙烯固体,于60℃下真空干燥至恒重。所得聚乙烯产量为2.0g,催化剂活性为0.1×106gPE/molPd·h,聚合产物的分子量为35000,1H-NMR测定聚合物支化度为61C/1000C,极性基团含量0.4mol%。
实施例4
1)α-二苯亚胺配体的制备:
在连接有分水器的反应瓶中加入100mL的二甲苯,0.005mol的具有板型结构的5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮和0.030mol的苯胺,加热到140℃反应4h。反应结束后,浓缩至30mL,置于冰箱中结晶,得到的晶体物质变为板型α-二苯亚胺配体。
2)板型双核α-二[(2,6-二异丙基)苯亚胺]镍(II)催化剂的制备
在反应瓶中加入30mL的二氯甲烷,随后加入0.005mol的板型α-二苯亚胺配体和0.010mol的(DME)2NiBr2,在30℃下反应1h,反应结束后,浓缩至5mL,并加入20mL正己烷进行重结晶提纯,得到的粉末固体即为板型双核α-二苯亚胺镍(II)催化剂。
3)催化乙烯聚合
在干燥氮气保护气氛下,向100mL的不锈钢高压釜中依次注射50mL甲苯、0.1mmol的MAO作为助催化剂和0.02mmol的板型α-二苯亚胺镍(II)催化剂,使高压釜中乙烯压力调制30MPa并保持至聚合结束,70℃下反应30min后,停止乙烯气体供应,通过泄气阀将高压釜内未反应的乙烯气体排出后,将聚合体系倾倒至300mL乙醇和30mL浓盐酸的混合溶液中终止反应,过滤收集白色聚乙烯固体,于60℃下真空干燥至恒重。所得聚乙烯产量为40.2g,催化剂活性为2.01×106gPE/molPd·h,聚合产物的分子量为535000,1H-NMR测定聚合物支化度为23C/1000C。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管申请人参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围的,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
4.根据权利要求1所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂,其特征在于,所述中心金属原子为钯、镍、钴、铁或铜。
5.如权利要求1~4任一项所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)板型α-二亚胺配体的制备:将5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮与胺类化合物加入溶剂中混合均匀,然后将其于30~200℃下反应4~72h后,反应结束后,再将反应体系浓缩并重结晶提纯,得到的固体即为板型α-二亚胺配体;所述胺类化合物芳香胺和/或脂肪胺;
2)板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备:将步骤1)得到的板式α-二亚胺配体与金属预配盐加入溶剂中混合均匀,再将其于0~130℃下搅拌反应1h~24h后,滤除悬浮液,取滤液并浓缩,重结晶提纯,得到固体即为板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属预配盐为钯盐、镍盐、钴盐、铁盐或铜盐。
7.根据权利要求5所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述5,7,12,14-四氢-2λ5,3λ5,24λ5,25λ5-5,14;7,12-双([1,2]桥亚苯基)并五苯-2,3,6,13,24,25-六酮与胺类化合物的摩尔比为1:4~1:8。
8.根据权利要求5所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述板式α-二亚胺配体与金属预配盐的摩尔比为1:1~2:1。
9.根据权利要求5所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为芳香烃或卤代烃。
10.如权利要求1~4任一项所述板型双核α-二亚胺催化剂在烯烃聚合中的应用。
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