CN110105397A - 多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂及其制备方法,该阻燃剂为三反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi或四反应官能度双基大分子TetraDSi,式利用二(1‑磷杂菲‑丙基)双酚A上的酚羟基与苯基三氯硅烷或四氯硅烷中的硅氯键进行缩合反应制得,该制备工艺简单易行且产率高;本发明公布的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子TriDSi和TetraDSi都具有优异的热稳定性和高效的阻燃作用,能够高效地改善环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺以及聚氨酯等聚合物材料阻燃性能,并显著地提高环氧树脂材料的抗冲击性能,在高端制造和电子电器领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于磷杂菲和硅氧烷基团的多反应官能度双基大分子及其制备方法,属于利用化学合成方法制备阻燃剂的技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,越来越多的阻燃基团因其独特的阻燃作用和有效的行为机制而被新型高效阻燃化合物和聚合物材料领域的研究人员广泛的研究,其中包括了磷腈、三嗪、磷杂菲、倍半硅氧烷以及硼酸酯等阻燃基团;而9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)因其较高的可反应性和良好的阻燃效果,使得以DOPO为原料制备新型高效磷杂菲衍生物阻燃剂成为了阻燃领域近年来的研究热点。
2018年《Macromolecules》期刊第51卷23期9992-10002页报道的研究工作表明,磷杂菲基团与硅氧烷基团的共同作用,不仅能够形成耐热氧化性能更高的炭层结构,进而获得更有效的凝聚相阻燃作用,还能提高环氧树脂材料的抗冲击性能;2014年《PolymerDegradation and Stability》期刊第107卷98-105页、2016年《Polymer Degradation andStability》期刊133卷350-357页以及2018年《Polymer Degradation and Stability》期刊153卷210-219页相的研究工作也表明,阻燃基团衍生物的基团比值和结构形式也对其阻燃行为和作用效率具有重要影响。
为了探索更高效的磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂,本发明设计并制备了两种不同基团比值和构建形式的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子;本发明公布的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子目前在文献和已公布的材料中均未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂及其制备方法;所述的阻燃剂是利用二(1-磷杂菲-丙基)双酚A(DDBA)的酚羟基分别与苯基三氯化硅和四氯化硅中的硅氯键进行脱氯化氢缩合反应,制得的三反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi和四反应官能度双基大分子TetraDSi;TriDSi和TetraDSi的化学结构如下:
本发明涉及的TriDSi制备方法如下:
三反应官能度磷杂菲/苯基硅氧烷双基大分子TriDSi的制备,是在搅拌条件下,将DDBA加入到充分预除水后的有机溶剂中,在DDBA完全溶解后,加入苯基三氯硅烷,优选的,DDBA和苯基三氯硅烷的摩尔比为3:1-6:1,DDBA和苯基三氯硅烷在40-180℃下搅拌反应1-24小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TriDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标的三反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi;TriDSi的制备过程如下:
TetraDSi制备方法如下:
四反应官能度磷杂菲/苯基硅氧烷双基大分子TriDSi的制备,是在搅拌条件下,将DDBA加入到充分预除水后的有机溶剂中,在DDBA完全溶解后,加入四氯硅烷,优选的,DDBA和四氯硅烷的摩尔比为4:1-8:1,DDBA和四氯硅烷先在0-50℃下搅拌反应0.5-3小时,再在40-180℃下搅拌反应1-24小时;反应结束后,通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TetraDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标的四反应官能度双基大分子TetraDSi;TetraDSi的制备过程如下:
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、二氯乙烷、甲苯、氯苯以及二氯苯中的一种或多种的组合;有机溶剂的用量为2-20mL溶剂/1克DDBA。
本发明涉及的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子TriDSi和TetraDSi的制备工艺简单易行且产率高;TriDSi和TetraDSi的制备产率都达到了98%以上,且纯度都达到99%以上;同时,本发明公布的多反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi和TetraDSi都具有优异的热稳定性和高效的阻燃作用,TriDSi和TetraDSi的失重1wt.%的温度都达到了370℃以上,且都能赋予环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺以及聚氨酯等聚合物材料优异的阻燃性能;尤其地,在牌号为E-51的双酚A型环氧树脂材料中,添加6wt.%的TriDSi或TetraDSi就可使环氧树脂材料的冲击强度分别提高133%和123%,极限氧指数分别达到35.2%和36.0%,且都通过了UL94V-0级。多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子TriDSi和TetraDSi在聚合物材料中的高效阻燃和增韧作用使其在高端制造和电子电器领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
附图1多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子的核磁共振氢谱;
附图2多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子的红外谱图;
附图3多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子的热失重曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(44.45g,0.060mol)溶于预除水的二氯乙烷(350mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入苯基三氯硅烷(3.81g,0.018mol),在85℃下搅拌反应20小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TriDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TriDSi,产率:98.5%,纯度:99.5%,失重1wt.%的温度为374℃。
实施例2
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(133.34g,0.180mol)溶于预除水的氯苯(1500mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入苯基三氯硅烷(8.46g,0.040mol),在135℃下回流反应18小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TriDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TriDSi,产率:99.0%,纯度:99.2%,失重1wt.%的温度为372℃。
实施例3
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(44.45g,0.060mol)溶于预除水干燥的四氢呋喃(300mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入苯基三氯硅烷(2.12g,0.010mol),在66℃下搅拌反应15小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TriDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TriDSi,产率:98.2%,纯度:99.3%,失重1wt.%的温度为375℃。
实施例4
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(59.26g,0.080mol)溶于预除水的二氯乙烷(500mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入四氯硅烷(2.72g,0.016mol),先在35℃下反应2小时,再逐步升温至85℃,继续搅拌反应24小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TetraDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TetraDSi,产率:98.8%,纯度:99.5%,失重1wt.%的温度为377℃。
实施例5
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(16.30g,0.022mol)溶于预除水的四氢呋喃(120mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入四氯硅烷(2.72g,0.005mol),先在30℃下反应1.5小时后,再逐步升温至66℃,继续搅拌反应20小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TetraDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TetraDSi,产率:98.1%,纯度:99.7%,失重1wt.%的温度为378℃。
实施例6
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA(118.52g,0.160mol)溶于预除水的二氯苯(1500mL)中,在DDBA完全溶解后,缓慢加入四氯硅烷(3.40g,0.020mol),先在20℃下搅拌反应3小时后,再逐步升温至180℃,继续搅拌反应15小时后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去TetraDSi中残留的DDBA,制得目标产物TetraDSi,产率:99.2%,纯度:99.3%,失重1wt.%的温度为377℃。
Claims (6)
1.多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为三反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi或四反应官能度双基大分子TetraDSi,是利用二(1-磷杂菲-丙基)双酚A的酚羟基分别与苯基三氯化硅或四氯化硅中的硅氯键进行脱氯化氢缩合反应制得;
TriDSi和TetraDSi的化学结构如下:
2.如权利要求1所述的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的TriDSi的制备方法如下:
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA加入到充分预除水后的有机溶剂中,在DDBA完全溶解后,加入苯基三氯硅烷,在一定温度下搅拌反应一定时间后,结束反应,并通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去残留的DDBA,制得三反应官能度双基大分子TriDSi。
3.如权利要求2所述的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的DDBA和苯基三氯硅烷的摩尔比为3:1-6:1;反应温度为40-180℃,反应时间为1-24小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的TetraDSi的制备方法如下:
在搅拌条件下,将DDBA加入到充分预除水后的有机溶剂中,在DDBA完全溶解后,加入四氯硅烷,DDBA和四氯硅烷先在四氯硅烷沸点以下搅拌反应一定时间,进行初步的缩合反应;再在更高的温度下继续搅拌反应一定时间,进行充分的缩合反应;反应结束后,通过溶剂洗涤的方式除去残留的DDBA,制得四反应官能度双基大分子TetraDSi。
5.如权利要求4所述的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的DDBA和四氯硅烷的摩尔比为4:1-8:1;初步的缩合反应温度为0-50℃,初步的缩合反应时间为0.5-3小时;充分的缩合反应温度40-180℃,充分的缩合反应时间为1-24小时。
6.如权利要求2或4任一项所述的多反应官能度磷杂菲/硅氧烷双基大分子阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、二氯乙烷、甲苯、氯苯以及二氯苯中的一种或多种的组合;有机溶剂的用量为2-20mL/1克DDBA。
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