CN110101088A - 用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物及其使用方法，该代餐组合物包括基础防治包、代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包，基础防治包由大豆蛋白、杂粮粉和高油酸花生油组成；代谢改善包由EPA和DHA组成；微量营养素补充包由复合矿物质和复合维生素组成，所述复合矿物质中含有Zn、Se和Cr，复合维生素中含有维生素C、维生素B1和维生素B2；降糖药食两用包由菊粉、山药粉、苦荞、枸杞子、玉米须和荷叶提取物组成；该代餐组合物的使用方法为基础防治包单独使用或与另外三种代餐包组合使用。优点为对备孕、孕期和产后妇女依据不同遗传易感性检测和营养评估结果给予不同配方组合，以精准营养干预达到预防或治疗妊娠糖尿病的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于代餐食品及妊娠糖尿病防治领域，具体涉及用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物及其使用方法。
背景技术
妊娠糖尿病(Gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是妊娠期发生或首次发现的糖耐量异常，是最常见的妊娠并发症之一。全球范围内GDM发病率随着人群超重、肥胖发病率的增加呈逐年增加的趋势。2018年报道的中国孕妇的GDM患病率已高达14.8％。
妊娠期血糖异常会增加妊娠高血压、先兆子痫、早产、羊水过多等妊娠并发症以及巨大儿、难产等不良妊娠结局的风险，严重影响母婴健康。同时，GDM对孕妇和后代也有长远影响，GDM孕妇产后2型糖尿病的发生风险是普通人群的7倍，后代发生糖尿病、肥胖的几率也大大增加。
孕期是一个特殊的生理时期，母体营养不仅要满足自身的营养需求，而且提供满足胎儿生长发育所必需的各种营养。孕期母体脂肪储存增加，同时需要更多的糖转运给胎儿，另一方面由于激素的变化，胰岛素敏感性降低，机体处于胰岛素抵抗状态，对于孕前超重或肥胖的孕妇更是如此。因此，对于妊娠糖尿病孕妇血糖的控制比一般糖尿病患者应该更为精准和慎重。目前市场有较多的针对糖尿病人的相关代餐产品，但未见预防孕妇罹患GDM或控制GDM患者血糖的代餐食品。本发明主要在平衡膳食的基础上，提供一种有利于改善GDM患者血糖的代餐组合物，从膳食上预防及改善GDM，同时保障胎儿生长发育，保障母婴健康。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物及其使用方法，旨在针对备孕、孕期和产后特定人群，以预防为主导，以营养干预为手段激发人体自身的自愈能力，根据不同的遗传易感性检测结果和营养评估结果，给予不同组合的配方代餐，以精准营养干预，达到有效地预防和辅助治疗GDM和PGDM。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其包括基础防治包、代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包，
所述基础防治包由大豆蛋白8-15g、杂粮粉15-20g和高油酸花生油4-6g组成；
所述代谢改善包由EPA 180-210mg和DHA 45-55mg组成；
所述微量营养素补充包由复合矿物质和复合维生素组成，所述复合矿物质中含有Zn 6-8mg、Se 35-45μg、Cr 18-22μg，所述复合维生素中含有维生素C 80-120mg、维生素B 10.4-0.6mg、维生素B2 0.4-0.6mg；
所述降糖药食两用包每包4-6g，每包由菊粉4-8份、山药粉4-8份、苦荞5-10份、枸杞子2-5份、玉米须2-5份和荷叶提取物1-2份组成。
基础防治包的配方依据如下：
(1)大豆蛋白：充足的蛋白质摄入有利于孕期母体健康和胎儿生长发育，但是研究发现高动物蛋白摄入，如高鱼肉蛋等食物摄入也同时增加饱和脂肪的摄入，可增加GDM和高血糖的风险。大豆蛋白是一种植物蛋白质，其氨基酸组成与人体的氨基酸模式相近，除蛋氨酸略低外，必需氨基酸含量均较丰富，是完全性的植物蛋白质。研究表明，孕期豆类-蔬菜模式可以降低孕期增重，增加新生儿正常范围内的出生体重。同时大豆等植物蛋白有利于预防GDM并改善孕妇的血糖，故在本配方中添加了大豆蛋白以替代孕妇每天摄入的部分动物蛋白。
(2)粗杂粮(燕麦、荞麦)：粗杂粮对控制血糖有利，本配方中碳水化合物的主要来源是燕麦和荞麦。燕麦的可溶性膳食纤维含量高于小麦及其他谷物，主要是β-葡聚糖。葡聚糖可改善消化功能，促进胃肠蠕动、改善便秘等。荞麦作为药食同源植物，具有很高的营养价值和药理活性。荞麦含有丰富的膳食纤维，其含量是一般精制大米的10倍；荞麦含有的铁、锰、锌等微量元素也比一般谷物丰富。燕麦荞麦有较低的血糖指数(Glycemic index,GI)和血糖负荷(Glycemic load,GL)值，食用后对餐后血糖影响较小，有助于患妊娠糖尿病孕妇维持餐后血糖的稳定状态。
(3)高油酸花生油：油酸，也称“单不饱和脂肪酸”，主要存在于茶油、橄榄油中，具有降血脂的作用同时不容易被氧化。以橄榄油为食用油的“地中海膳食模式”被认为是预降糖尿病和心血管疾病的理想膳食模式类型。而高油酸花生油中油酸含量与橄榄油相近，高达75％。因此本配方中以高油酸花生油作为代餐粉中脂肪的主要来源，作为合理GDM孕妇膳食模式的一部分，对于控制血糖和其他代谢紊乱具有重要的有益作用。
基础防治包配方中各物质提供的能量及占比为：大豆分离蛋白(32-60kcal)：8-15g(占一天孕妇蛋白质推荐量的10-20％)；燕麦、荞麦粉(55kcal-75kcal)：15-20g(占一天推荐粗杂粮的20％-30％)；高油酸花生油(45kcal)：5g(占一天孕妇油脂推荐量的20％)。
基础防治包的制作方法如下：
选取澳洲进口皮燕麦，干燥处理，水分含量为5-8％，粉碎，过60目筛，得燕麦粉；选取内蒙古天然甜荞麦，干燥至水分含量2-5％，低温粉碎，过60目筛得荞麦粉；燕麦粉、荞麦粉1:1预混合，得杂粮粉；将杂粮粉与大豆分离蛋白按比例混合，然后加入相应比例的高油酸花生油并充分混合，干燥水分至5-8％，低温7-12℃真空60-90Kpa混合15-25min，得基础防治包配方产品。
代谢改善包的配方依据如下：
EPA和DHA：是n-3系列的多不饱和脂肪酸，DHA是视网膜中最丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸，是维持视紫红质正常功能所必需的。同时，DHA还具有促进胎儿大脑发育的作用。EPA具有降低胆固醇和甘脂三油，降低血液黏度，预防动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病。EPA和DHA可改善炎症，对妊娠糖尿病患者的代谢改善有利。但是日常膳食中EPA和DHA的摄入较低，中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量DRIs2013版孕妇EPA/DHA摄入为250mg(其中DHA200mg)。
代谢改善包的制作方法为：DHA澡油(含40％二十二碳六烯酸)和EPA原料混合，与水和明胶制成胶囊即得。
微量营养素补充包的配方依据如下：
(1)矿物质(锌硒铬)
研究发现，锌、硒、铬等微量元素影响胰岛素的合成、分泌、储存及活性，参与胰岛素信号通路的调节，增加机体的抗氧化能力等，对维持机体血糖稳定具有重要作用。孕期必需微量元素缺乏是孕妇中常见的营养问题。2010-2012中国营养与健康调查数据显示我国孕妇血清锌、硒水平显著低于参考标准。在我国孕妇中开展的一项小型病例对照研究结果显示，GDM孕妇血清锌、硒、铬水平显著低于同期正常孕妇。因此GDM孕妇应补充适量的锌、硒、铬。
(2)维生素(维生素C、B1、B2)
维生素C又称抗坏血酸，具有较强的抗氧化、增强免疫、降血脂等多种功能。研究表明维生素C补充剂的摄入可降低2型糖尿病患者的氧化应激水平。研究显示，富含维生素C的膳食模式降低2型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病的发病风险。
维生素B1又称硫胺素，维生素B2又称核黄素，常以辅酶形式参与糖的分解代谢和能量代谢。孕妇妊娠期间维生素B1，B2需要量相对较高，而长期食用加工比较精细的米面或者谷类食品加工方法不当，同时又缺乏其他富含维生素B1，B2的食物补充，会随着尿液和汗液而排出体外，对糖尿病人来讲由于喝水多、排尿多，导致维生素B1，B2缺乏。维生素B1，B2缺乏还与多种糖尿病并发症相关。因此孕妇尤其是GDM孕妇应补充适量的维生素B1，B2。
微量营养素补充包的制作：将矿物质(锌硒铬)、维生素等原料混合，低温7-12℃真空60-90Kpa混合10-15min，即得。
降糖药食两用包的配方依据如下：
(1)菊粉：是一种功能性植物多糖—低聚果糖，一种可溶性膳食纤维。热量低于1千卡/克，溶解性极好。有研究发现，菊粉可有效降低餐后血糖。主要机制是增加胃内容物黏度，延长胃排空时间，和菊粉果胶形成的肠粘膜基层，两重作用降低葡萄糖的吸收速度。菊粉同时可改善机体外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性，降低胰岛素抗性，降低病人对胰岛素的要求。菊粉能提高代谢酶的活性，刺激胰岛素分泌，促使血糖转化为糖原，从而降低血糖，已用于2型糖尿病人的医学营养治疗。此外，菊粉半纤维素和发酵产生的短链脂肪酸会改善肠道蠕动功能，使大便变软并快速排出，预防便秘及减少毒素在肠道的吸收，同时促进肠道益生菌生长繁殖，改善肠道菌群紊乱。研究表明，每日摄食10克菊粉对控制体重、改善肠道功能、改善脂质代谢也具有明显作用。妊娠糖尿病患者也存在高血糖高血脂和肠道功能紊乱，菊粉的添加有利于上述代谢和功能的改善。
(2)玉米须提取物：玉米须(Corn Silk，CS)又名玉蜀黍蕊，为禾本科植物玉蜀黍的花柱和柱头，其最早药用记载见于《滇南本草》，后为1977年版中国药典(一部)、1985年版卫生部药材标准所收录。研究发现，玉米须含有多种化学成分及营养物质，有显著的利尿、降血糖、抑菌、降压、增强免疫、抗癌等功效。玉米须辅助降血糖主要活性成分是多糖和皂苷。玉米须多糖能够降低糖尿病小鼠血糖，促进肝糖原合成。玉米须皂苷有较好的降糖活性，能降低正常小鼠血糖水平，对肾上腺素、四氧嘧啶法、链脲佐菌素所致小鼠高血糖模型也有较好的降糖作用，人体试验也表现出良好效果。
(3)山药：山药(Rhizoma Dioscoreae)又名薯蓣，为薯蓣科植物薯蓣的干燥根茎，有健脾养胃、益肺生津、补肾涩精、抗衰老、增强免疫之效，为药食同源食物。山药多糖是山药的主要活性成分之一，含量约为2.15％-2.92％，研究发现山药多糖不仅可以增加胰岛素分泌，保护和修复胰岛细胞，同时还能够降低血清中的胰高血糖素水平，山药多糖的降血糖活性与山药多糖的浓度呈正相关。山药多糖可以有效地清除氧自由基，能够延缓糖尿病并发症，提高糖尿病患者自身的抗氧化能力。山药多糖对糖尿病患者有一定调节血糖的功效。
(4)枸杞子：枸杞子(Barbary Wolfberry Fruit)又称红耳坠，是茄科小灌木枸杞的成熟子实，早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品，称其为“久服轻身不老、耐寒暑”；有延衰抗老的功效，又名“却老子”。枸杞子中含有枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、玉蜀黍黄素、酸浆果红素等特殊营养成分，具有免疫调节、补肾保肝、抗衰老、降血糖，降血压，调节血脂等作用。动物实验研究表明枸杞和枸杞多糖及纯化组分对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病动物具有降血糖作用。研究表明枸杞多糖能明显增强受损胰岛细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性，提高胰岛细胞的抗氧化能力，减轻过氧化物对细胞的损伤，降低丙二醛生成量，对胰岛细胞有一定的保护作用。枸杞子可调节糖脂代谢，具有很好的降糖效果。
(5)苦荞：苦荞(Fagopyrm tatarium)即苦荞麦，学名鞑靼荞麦，属蓼科，被誉为“五谷之王”。苦荞富含维生素，硒、铬、锰等微量元素及芦丁、槲皮素、白藜芦醇等黄酮类化合物，营养丰富，比荞麦的营养价值高出很多，特别是生物类黄酮的含量是荞麦的13.5倍。研究表明，苦荞中的生物活性成分苦荞黄酮具有抗氧化、降血压、降血糖、降血脂，清除氧自由基等作用。苦荞血糖指数低，能显著改善糖尿病患者的餐后血糖。苦荞黄酮可改善胰岛β细胞功能、提高胰岛素敏感性，减轻胰岛素抵抗、增加葡萄糖的摄取和利用，抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性，从而降低血糖水平。
(6)荷叶提取物：荷叶(Lotus Leaf)，为睡莲科植物莲的叶，于1991年被列入第二批“既是食品又是药品”的名单，属药食两用植物。据《本草纲目》记载，“荷叶服之,令人瘦劣”、“生发元气,裨助脾胃”。研究发现荷叶主要化学成分有荷叶生物碱、荷叶黄酮、柠檬酸、草酸等，具有清暑化湿、凉血止血、抑菌、调节血脂、抗氧化、抑制脂肪酶等作用。动物实验表明荷叶提取物可通过降低糖尿病小鼠的麦芽糖酶的活性来抑制糖的吸收，从而降低血糖水平。研究表明荷叶黄酮可加强人体结合胆酸盐的能力和抑制脂肪酸的活性，能明显降低血清中甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，具有调节血脂、抗氧化、抗衰老的保健作用。
降糖药食两用包的制作方法如下：将所述的菊粉、山药、枸杞子、玉米须、荷叶提取物和苦荞混合；将混合物经过高压或静电除尘；将除尘后的混合物研磨至粉末状；将研磨后的混合物装入包装袋，封口，每袋4-6g，袋体由具有透水性的纸张制成。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还有如下进一步的具体选择。
具体的，所述杂粮粉由燕麦粉和荞麦粉按照1：1的重量比例混合而成。
具体的，所述高油酸花生油中的油酸含量在75％以上。
具体的，所述复合矿物质中Zn存在于葡萄糖酸锌和/或柠檬酸锌中，Se存在于麦芽硒和/或酵母硒中，Cr存在于酵母铬和/或氨基酸铬中。
用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物的使用方法，具体包括如下内容：
基础防治包单独使用，主要用于备孕、孕期和产后特定人群日常的代餐或加餐，以预防体重及BMI超标，降低妊娠期糖尿病风险；在早、中、晚各时段单独用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与微量营养素补充包一起使用，主要用于微量元素和矿物质缺乏的育龄期女性、孕产妇的代餐或加餐，减少由微量元素和矿物质储备不足或缺乏带来的妊娠期母婴不良结局，一起使用时，用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与代谢改善一起使用，主要用于孕前超重或存在代谢紊乱的育龄期女性或孕产妇的代早餐或加餐，一起使用时，用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次，其中代谢改善包也可随餐服用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与降糖药食两用包配合使用，主要用于孕期高危人群和妊娠糖尿病患者改善糖耐量异常，降低空腹血糖，其中基础防治包用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，做代早餐或加餐，每日1-2次，降糖药食两用包可用开水冲泡服用，每天2次，每次1包；
针对符合患有孕前糖尿病或妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇，在妊娠期血糖升高达到以下任何一项检测结果时在使用基础防治包基础上，同时使用代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包中的一种或多种以达到控制血糖辅助治疗的目的：
患有孕前糖尿病的孕妇空腹血浆葡萄糖≥7.0mmol/L或者75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验，服糖后2h血糖≥11.1mmol/L；
患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇在妊娠期24-28周及28周后首次检查空腹血浆葡萄糖≥5.1mmol/L或者75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验，服糖后2h血糖≥10.0mmol/L。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，包括基础防治包、代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包，根据遗传易感性和营养评估的结果，对备孕妇女、孕妇及产妇特定人群给予不同组合配方的代餐包，进行精准营养干预，以达到预防、改善和治疗妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的目的。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
以下实施例中用到的原料若无特别说明则均为市售产品，用到的方法若无特别说明则均为常规方法。
本发明提供用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其包括基础防治包、代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包，
所述基础防治包由大豆蛋白8-15g、杂粮粉15-20g和高油酸花生油4-6g组成；
所述代谢改善包由EPA 180-210mg和DHA 45-55mg组成；
所述微量营养素补充包由复合矿物质和复合维生素组成，所述复合矿物质中含有Zn 6-8mg、Se 35-45μg、Cr 18-22μg，所述复合维生素中含有维生素C 80-120mg、维生素B 10.4-0.6mg、维生素B2 0.4-0.6mg；
所述降糖药食两用包每包4-6g，每包由菊粉4-8份、山药粉4-8份、苦荞5-10份、枸杞子2-5份、玉米须2-5份和荷叶提取物1-2份组成。
需要说明的是，上述代餐组合物中的各代餐包中各原料只要在上述的重量相对比例内均受本发明的保护并不绝对限定各原料的实际重量。
上述的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物的使用方法，具体包括如下内容：
基础防治包单独用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，用于妊娠糖尿病高危人群以及备孕女性和孕产妇的代早餐或加餐，每天1-2次；
基础防治包与代谢改善包一起用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，其中代谢改善包也可随餐单独服用，用于孕前超重或存在代谢紊乱的育龄期女性、孕妇和产妇的代早餐加餐，每天1-2次；
基础防治包与微量营养素补充包一起用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，用于微量元素缺乏的育龄期女性、孕妇和产妇的代早餐或加餐，每天1-2次；
基础防治包与降糖药食两用包配合使用，用于降低糖耐量异常或空腹血糖高的育龄期女性、孕妇和产妇的血糖，其中基础防治包用牛奶或白开水冲调后做代早餐或加餐，降糖药食两用包用开水冲泡服用，每天2次，每次1包。
实施例1
选取400名具有GDM高危风险的孕妇(有糖尿病家族史、孕前肥胖或具有既往GDM史等)为志愿者，分成试验组和对照组，两组均正常饮食，其中试验组整个孕期每天以基础防治包作一次加餐，对照组未做干预，结果发现试验组GDM发病率比对照组明显降低(前者为4.5％，后者为10.5％)。
实施例2
以基础防治包与代谢改善包一起用牛奶冲调食用，作为120名存在代谢紊乱问题的育龄期女性志愿者的代早餐，连续一周后，发现75％以上的志愿者的代谢紊乱问题得到明显改善。
实施例3
以基础防治包与微量营养素补充包一起用牛奶冲调食用，作为100名在营养测评时显示微量元素缺乏的育龄期女性志愿者的加餐，每天一次，连续两周后，发现80％以上的志愿者再次营养测评时锌、硒、铬等元素恢复正常范围。
实施例4
基础防治包与降糖药食两用包配合使用，用于85名空腹血糖明显高于正常值的育龄期女性志愿者的代早餐，连续两周后发现85％的志愿者空腹血糖恢复正常值，其中基础防治包用白开水冲调后食用，降糖药食两用包冲开水泡服，每天两次，每次一包。
需要说明的是上述各实施例中用到的各代餐包的具体组成如下：
所述基础防治包由大豆蛋白15g、杂粮粉(燕麦粉和荞麦粉各半)20g和高油酸花生油6g组成；
所述代谢改善包由EPA200mg和DHA50mg组成；
所述微量营养素补充包由复合矿物质和复合维生素组成，所述复合矿物质中含有Zn 7mg、Se 40μg、Cr 20μg，所述复合维生素中含有维生素C 100mg、维生素B 1 0.5mg、维生素B2 0.5mg；
所述降糖药食两用包每包4g，每包由菊粉4份、山药粉4份、苦荞10份、枸杞子2份、玉米须4份和荷叶提取物2份组成。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其特征在于，包括基础防治包、代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包，
所述基础防治包由大豆蛋白8-15g、杂粮粉15-20g和高油酸花生油4-6g组成；
所述代谢改善包由EPA 180-210mg和DHA 45-55mg组成；
所述微量营养素补充包由复合矿物质和复合维生素组成，所述复合矿物质中含有Zn6-8mg、Se 35-45μg、Cr 18-22μg，所述复合维生素中含有维生素C 80-120mg、维生素B10.4-0.6mg、维生素B2 0.4-0.6mg；
所述降糖药食两用包每包4-6g，每包由菊粉4-8份、山药粉4-8份、苦荞5-10份、枸杞子2-5份、玉米须2-5份和荷叶提取物1-2份组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其特征在于，所述杂粮粉由燕麦粉和荞麦粉按照1：1的重量比例混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其特征在于，所述高油酸花生油中的油酸含量在75％以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物，其特征在于，所述复合矿物质中Zn存在于葡萄糖酸锌和/或柠檬酸锌中，Se存在于麦芽硒和/或酵母硒中，Cr存在于酵母铬和/或氨基酸铬中。
5.一种如权利要求1至4任一项所述的用于妊娠糖尿病防治的精准营养代餐组合物的使用方法，其特征在于，
基础防治包单独使用时，主要用于备孕、孕期和产后特定人群日常的代餐或加餐，以预防体重及BMI超标，降低妊娠期糖尿病风险；在早、中、晚各时段单独用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与微量营养素补充包一起使用时，主要用于微量元素和矿物质缺乏的育龄期女性、孕产妇的代餐或加餐，减少由微量元素和矿物质储备不足或缺乏带来的妊娠期母婴不良结局，一起使用时，用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与代谢改善一起使用时，主要用于孕前超重或存在代谢紊乱的育龄期女性或孕产妇的代早餐或加餐，一起使用时，用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，每日1-2次，其中代谢改善包也可随餐服用，每日1-2次；
基础防治包与降糖药食两用包配合使用时，主要用于孕期高危人群和妊娠糖尿病患者改善糖耐量异常，降低空腹血糖，其中基础防治包用牛奶或白开水冲调食用，做代早餐或加餐，每日1-2次，降糖药食两用包可用开水冲泡服用，每天2次，每次1包；
针对符合患有孕前糖尿病或妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇，在妊娠期血糖升高达到以下任何一项检测结果时在使用基础防治包基础上，同时使用代谢改善包、微量营养素补充包和降糖药食两用包中的一种或多种以达到控制血糖辅助治疗的目的：
患有孕前糖尿病的孕妇空腹血浆葡萄糖≥7.0mmol/L或者75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验，服糖后2h血糖≥11.1mmol/L；
患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇在妊娠期24-28周及28周后首次检查空腹血浆葡萄糖≥5.1mmol/L或者75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验，服糖后2h血糖≥10.0mmol/L。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114304614A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 广州白云山潘高寿药业股份有限公司 | 青色营养早餐冲调谷物及其制备方法 |
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| CN116439368A (zh) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 四川大学华西第二医院 | 一种孕妇营养组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN116439368B (zh) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-15 | 四川大学华西第二医院 | 一种孕妇营养组合物及其制备方法 |
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