CN110079888A - 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110079888A
CN110079888A CN201910323978.4A CN201910323978A CN110079888A CN 110079888 A CN110079888 A CN 110079888A CN 201910323978 A CN201910323978 A CN 201910323978A CN 110079888 A CN110079888 A CN 110079888A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
preparation
elastomeric fiber
polyurethane elastomeric
flame retarding
polyurethane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201910323978.4A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN110079888B (zh
Inventor
陈永军
马千里
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taihe New Material Group Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS CO Ltd filed Critical YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS CO Ltd
Priority to CN201910323978.4A priority Critical patent/CN110079888B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/096374 priority patent/WO2020215501A1/zh
Publication of CN110079888A publication Critical patent/CN110079888A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110079888B publication Critical patent/CN110079888B/zh
Priority to US17/504,514 priority patent/US20220033997A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/50Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/5075Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having phosphorus
    • C08G18/5081Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having phosphorus having phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08G18/5084Phosphate compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/2805Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/285Nitrogen containing compounds
    • C08G18/2865Compounds having only one primary or secondary amino group; Ammonia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3225Polyamines
    • C08G18/3228Polyamines acyclic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/46Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/4684Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing phosphorus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/50Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/5075Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having phosphorus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6633Compounds of group C08G18/42
    • C08G18/6637Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6648Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6651Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/667Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6681Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6685Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/04Dry spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/07Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making fire- or flame-proof filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/84Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/88Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/94Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of other polycondensation products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00Applications
    • C08L2203/12Applications used for fibers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/10Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyurethanes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法,所述聚氨酯弹性纤维以含有磷元素的聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元醇为原料,与4,4’‑二苯甲基烷二异氰酸酯反应制成预聚物,并用有机胺扩链,得到聚氨酯溶液,由该聚合物溶液进行干法纺丝,制备聚氨酯纤维,制备得到的聚氨酯纤维的极限氧指数在25‑32%之间。

Description

一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,具体涉及一种具有阻燃功 能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性纤维(俗称氨纶)是一种具有高弹性的纺织纤维,广泛用于 针织和机织的弹力织物中。氨纶通常可与尼龙、锦纶、棉、麻等纤维制成织 物,赋予织物贴身塑型,伸缩自如,无压迫感的特性,并能显著提高服装的 保形性、悬垂性和抗褶皱性,广泛应用于各种纺织服装领域,并在汽车内饰 等产业用纺织品领域得到推广应用。
纺织品应用广泛,但由于其通常由易燃、可燃的天然或合成纤维构成, 常常成为火灾的最初着火物。为减少火灾发生,美、英、日、德等国对纺织 纤维的阻燃性出台了相关法律规定,对制作儿童、老人、残疾人的服饰、室 内铺饰用布、剧院幕布以及交通运输工具和旅馆内使用的纺织材料、炼钢工 人及士兵制服等均提出了阻燃要求。
目前,通过阻燃整理或添加阻燃剂等方式,已实现阻燃棉、阻燃粘胶、 阻燃涤纶等阻燃纤维的生产;另外,具有耐高温、本质阻燃纤维如芳纶、聚 酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚等纤维也实现量产并得到应用。氨纶作为现代纺织服装工 业必不可少的“类味精型”纺织原料,其阻燃型纤维的相关报道文献较少。 专利申请CN 201511003945.X中介绍了共混法制备阻燃聚氨酯纤维的方法, 在聚氨酯聚合物中混入苯基磷酸酯类阻燃剂、非金属氧化物协同阻燃剂,然 后纺成纤维。通过共混方式加入阻燃剂,添加量过少时,阻燃性达不到要求; 添加量过多时,聚合物可纺性以及纤维力学性能又会受到影响。专利申请CN 201310547567.6中介绍了共聚法制备阻燃聚氨酯纤维的方法,采用含羟基的 磷系阻燃剂、扩链剂一起与预聚体反应形成共聚阻燃聚氨酯,并添加三聚氰 胺类阻燃剂、三氧化二铝阻燃剂等共混起到阻燃效果。由于含羟基磷系阻燃 剂中羟基比氨基反应活性弱,与胺一起扩链时,很难形成有效的化学结合。 因此,化学方式引入的磷含量有限,限制了实际的阻燃效果,还需要共混其他阻燃剂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法,以克服 现有技术的不足,本发明制备得到的聚氨酯弹性纤维,具有优异的阻燃性能, 同时保持了聚氨酯纤维良好的伸长性能。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇与过量的4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸 酯反应制备成具有异氰酸酯封端的预聚体,将预聚体溶解在有机溶剂中,形 成预聚体溶液;
(2)将二元胺或二元胺与一元胺的混合胺加入到预聚体溶液中进行扩链 反应,得到聚氨酯溶液;
(3)将聚氨酯溶液与防黄剂、抗氧剂混合,再经过熟化、过滤、脱泡工 序后,进行干法纺丝,得到具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
进一步地,步骤(1)中含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇为含有磷元素的聚醚二 元醇或含有磷元素的聚酯二元醇。
进一步地,所述含有磷元素的聚醚多元醇中含有-P-O-或-P-C-结构,且含 磷量为0.5wt%-5wt%;所述含有磷元素的聚酯多元醇中含有磷酸酯结构,且 含磷量为0.5wt%-10wt%,酸值3.0以下。
进一步地,所述含有磷元素的聚醚多元醇中含磷量为1wt%-3wt%;所述 含有磷元素的聚酯多元醇中含磷量为1wt%-6wt%,酸值2.0以下。
进一步地,步骤(1)中4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与含有阻燃元素的 聚多元醇的摩尔比为(1.5:1)~(2.5:1)。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N,N-二甲 基乙酰胺的一种或两种的混合。
进一步地,步骤(2)二元胺或二元胺与一元胺的混合胺中氨基官能团与 预聚体端部的异腈酸酯的摩尔比为(1.00:1)~(1.05:1)。
进一步地,步骤(2)中二元胺为乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、 2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺中的一种或多种任意比例的混合;一元胺为二甲胺、二乙 胺、甲乙胺中的一种或多种任意比例的混合。
进一步地,当步骤(2)中采用二元胺和一元胺的混合时,所述一元胺与 二元胺的摩尔比为(0.02:1)~(0.15:1)。
一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维,采用上述的一种具有阻燃功能的 聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法制得,所述聚氨酯弹性纤维的极限氧指数为 25%-32%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明采用含磷聚多元醇为原料,通过反应将阻燃元素引入到聚氨酯分 子中,属于本质阻燃;在使用过程中,不会因出现阻燃剂迁移、析出而导致 阻燃功能的下降,阻燃效果持久;磷元素具有优异的阻燃性能,且燃烧时不 释放卤化氢气体,属于一类环保阻燃元素;磷元素添加量低且在分子中均匀 分布,对分子链柔韧性影响小,制备的纤维具有良好的伸长性能。本发明制 备的聚氨酯弹性纤维具有优异的阻燃性能,极限氧指数在25-32%之间,同时 保持了聚氨酯纤维良好的伸长性能,断裂伸长率在360-600%之间。因此,本 发明所制备的弹性纤维可与阻燃棉、阻燃粘胶、芳纶等阻燃纤维一起使用, 制成阻燃纱线、织物等,可应用于儿童服装、床垫面料、窗帘、交通工具内 饰物、防护工装、消防服等阻燃防护用品。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施方式做进一步详细描述:
一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用分子量为1000-3000的含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇与过量的4, 4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(简写为MDI)反应制备成具有异氰酸酯封端的预 聚体,将预聚体溶解在有机溶剂中,形成一定浓度的预聚体溶液;
其中,含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇指含有磷元素的聚醚二元醇或聚酯二元 醇,所述含有磷元素的聚醚多元醇中含有-P-O-或-P-C-结构,含磷质量百分数 为0.5-5%,优选1-3%;所述含有磷元素的聚酯多元醇中含有磷酸酯结构, 含磷质量百分数为0.5-10%,优选1-6%,酸值3.0以下,优选2.0以下;有 机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)的一种 或几种;MDI与含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇摩尔数的比值在1.5:1~2.5:1之 间;
(2)将低分子量二元胺或二元胺与一元胺的混合胺加入到上述预聚体溶 液中进行扩链反应,得到聚氨酯溶液;
其中,二元胺或混合胺中氨基官能团的总摩尔数与预聚体端部的异腈酸 酯摩尔数的比值在1.00:1~1.05:1之间;二元胺为乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1, 3-丙二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺(MPDA)中的一种或几种,为反应扩链剂; 一元胺为二甲胺、二乙胺、甲乙胺中的一种或几种,为分子量调节剂,控制 反应粘度;所述一元胺与二元胺的摩尔比在0.02:1~0.15:1之间;
(3)将聚氨酯溶液与各种防黄剂(如TAS-011、HN-150)、抗氧剂(如 HW-245、抗氧剂1790)等添加剂混合后,再经过熟化、过滤、脱泡等工序 后,进行干法纺丝,得到聚氨酯弹性纤维;根据该方法制备的聚氨酯纤维的 极限氧指数(LOI)达到25-32%。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述:
实施例中采用如下方法来测量聚氨酯纤维的性能。
极限氧指数的评价
(1)溶液制备:将所制备的聚氨酯溶液,用溶剂稀释至固含量为10-15% 聚合物溶液;或将所制备的纤维经洗涤除去表面油剂后,干燥、溶解后配制 成聚合物溶液。
(2)制膜:搅拌均匀后,放置一段时间,使溶液脱除气泡。然后,将溶 液加热至40-60℃,在光洁的玻璃片上,流延成膜。室温放置12小时后,100℃ 干燥2小时。得到厚度约为2mm的薄膜。
(3)测试:使用氧指数议测试其极限氧指数。
断裂伸长率的评价
采用等速伸长型强力机,在拉伸速度500mm/min条件下,测试氨纶拉断 时的伸长率。
实施例1
含磷聚醚二元醇制备:
将800g苯基磷酸投入5L反应器中,在不断搅拌混合的情况下,将反应 温度加热到90℃后,将696g氧化丙烯(第一次投料)在4个小时内添加到 反应釜中,反应至反应压力降至常压,继续加入氢氧化钾20g,将中间产品 抽真空1小时,真空度为-0.1atm。然后继续将1722g氧化丙烯(第二次投料) 在8个小时内添加到反应釜中,反应至反应压力降至常压,得到的粗产品, 将粗产品抽真空1小时,真空度为-0.1atm,将残余在粗产品中的单体及挥发组分清除干净,加入磷酸中和,硅藻土吸附,过滤,最终反应得到粘性透明 液体产品。经测试,羟值为181mg/gKOH,酸值为0.2mg/gKOH,数均分子 量为620;根据投料量及产物质量计算出,产品含磷量为5wt%。
聚氨酯纤维制备:
将上述制备的含磷聚醚二醇与相当于它1.5倍摩尔数的4,4’-二苯甲基 烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),在干燥氮气保护、机械搅拌下,80℃反应3小时,得 到带-NCO封端的预聚物。降至室温后,加入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc), 溶解形成预聚物溶液。
将上述预聚物溶液降温至10℃,加入1,2-丙二胺和二乙胺混合胺的 DMAc溶液扩链,得到聚氨酯溶液。其中,二乙胺:(1,2-丙二胺)的摩尔比 值为0.15:1,混合胺中氨基官能团与预聚物中异氰酸酯官能团的摩尔比 (NHx:NCO)为1.05:1。向该聚氨酯溶液加入聚合物重量0.5wt%的防黄剂 TAS-011和0.5wt%抗氧剂1790,混合均匀后,再经熟化、脱泡、过滤后,进 行干法纺丝,得到560旦尼尔(简写为D)的聚氨酯纤维。
实施例2-5
含磷聚醚二元醇制备:
按实施例1中聚醚二元醇制备方法,制备含磷3%、2%、1%、0.5%的聚 醚二元醇。为控制分子量,制备较低含磷量的聚醚二元醇时,需在加入氢氧 化钾时,同时加入二甘醇用于调节分子量。具体投料量及性能指标见表1。
表1含磷聚醚二元醇投料及性能指标
聚氨酯纤维制备:
以上述实施例2-5中聚醚二元醇为原料,按实施例1中聚氨酯纤维制备 方法,将MDI与聚醚二元醇的摩尔比值、扩链剂种类及用量按照表2进行调 整后,制备聚氨酯溶液,再经熟化、脱泡、过滤后,纺丝得到40D或560D 的聚氨酯纤维。
聚氨酯纤维极限氧指数及断裂伸长率见表2。
表2含磷聚醚二元醇型聚氨酯纤维投料及性能指标
实施例6
含磷聚酯二元醇制备:
将218g己二酸、2200g 2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPPA)和1248g 1,4-丁 二醇加入5L反应釜中,加入1.5g催化剂钛酸四丁酯,在氮气保护下搅拌, 逐渐升温至125-150℃,水开始被分馏出,控制在此反应温度范围下,反应 2-8小时;然后继续升温至180℃,在此温度下抽真空至20-5000帕,缓慢升 温至235℃,反应2-4小时后,每间隔30分钟测试酸值和羟值,酸值和羟值 合格后,停止加热。用氮气泄压,降温,当温度降至80℃,取出反应产物, 得到含磷聚酯多元醇。经测试,羟值为36mg/gKOH,酸值为1.7mg/gKOH, 数均分子量为3000。根据投料量及产物质量计算出,产品含磷量为10wt%。
聚氨酯纤维制备:
以上述聚酯二元醇为原料,按实施例1聚氨酯纤维制备方法,制备560D 聚氨酯纤维。其中,溶剂由DMAc替换为80wt%DMF和20wt%DMAc混合 溶剂,防黄剂替换为HN-150和抗氧剂替换为抗氧剂245。
实施例7-10
含磷聚酯二元醇制备:
按实施例6中聚酯二元醇制备方法,制备含磷6%、3%、1%、0.5%的聚 酯二元醇。其中,溶剂由混合溶剂替换为纯DMF。具体投料量及性能指标见 表3。
表3含磷聚酯二元醇投料及性能指标
聚氨酯纤维制备:
以上述实施例7-10中聚酯二元醇为原料,按实施例6聚氨酯纤维制备方 法,将MDI与聚醚二元醇的摩尔比值、扩链剂种类及用量按照表4进行调整 后,制备聚氨酯溶液,再经熟化、脱泡、过滤后,纺丝得到40D或560D的 聚氨酯纤维。
聚氨酯纤维极限氧指数及断裂伸长率见表4。
表4含磷聚酯二元醇型聚氨酯纤维投料及性能指标
对比实施例1
将实施例4中阻燃聚醚二元醇替换为聚四氢呋喃二元醇(PTMG),按实 施例4的方法制备聚氨酯溶液,并纺制成40D的聚氨酯纤维。
对比实施例2
按对比实施例1的方法制备聚氨酯溶液,并加入聚合物重量2%的高氮 阻燃剂HT-211作为阻燃助剂,经混合、熟化、过滤、脱泡后,干法纺制成 40D的聚氨酯纤维。
对比实施例3
按实施例4的方法制备聚氨酯溶液,并加入聚合物重量2%的高氮阻燃 剂HT-211作为阻燃助剂,经混合、熟化、过滤、脱泡后,干法纺制成40D 的聚氨酯纤维。
对比实施例4
按实施例9的方法制备聚氨酯溶液,并加入聚合物重量5%的高氮阻燃 剂HT-211作为阻燃助剂,经混合、熟化、过滤、脱泡后,干法纺制成560D 的聚氨酯纤维。
表5不同对比实施例投料及性能指标

Claims (10)

1.一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇与过量的4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应制备成具有异氰酸酯封端的预聚体,将预聚体溶解在有机溶剂中,形成预聚体溶液;
(2)将二元胺或二元胺与一元胺的混合胺加入到预聚体溶液中进行扩链反应,得到聚氨酯溶液;
(3)将聚氨酯溶液与防黄剂、抗氧剂混合,再经过熟化、过滤、脱泡工序后,进行干法纺丝,得到具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇为含有磷元素的聚醚二元醇或含有磷元素的聚酯二元醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有磷元素的聚醚多元醇中含有-P-O-或-P-C-结构,且含磷量为0.5wt%-5wt%;所述含有磷元素的聚酯多元醇中含有磷酸酯结构,且含磷量为0.5wt%-10wt%,酸值3.0以下。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有磷元素的聚醚多元醇中含磷量为1wt%-3wt%;所述含有磷元素的聚酯多元醇中含磷量为1wt%-6wt%,酸值2.0以下。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与含有阻燃元素的聚多元醇的摩尔比为(1.5:1)~(2.5:1)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的一种或两种的混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)二元胺或二元胺与一元胺的混合胺中氨基官能团与预聚体端部的异腈酸酯的摩尔比为(1.00:1)~(1.05:1)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中二元胺为乙二胺、1,2-丙二胺、1,3-丙二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺中的一种或多种任意比例的混合;一元胺为二甲胺、二乙胺、甲乙胺中的一种或多种任意比例的混合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,当步骤(2)中采用二元胺和一元胺的混合时,所述一元胺与二元胺的摩尔比为(0.02:1)~(0.15:1)。
10.一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维,采用权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法制得,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯弹性纤维的极限氧指数为25%-32%。
CN201910323978.4A 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法 Active CN110079888B (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910323978.4A CN110079888B (zh) 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法
PCT/CN2019/096374 WO2020215501A1 (zh) 2019-04-22 2019-07-17 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法
US17/504,514 US20220033997A1 (en) 2019-04-22 2021-10-19 Polyurethane elastic fiber with flame retardant function and preparation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910323978.4A CN110079888B (zh) 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110079888A true CN110079888A (zh) 2019-08-02
CN110079888B CN110079888B (zh) 2020-11-13

Family

ID=67415905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910323978.4A Active CN110079888B (zh) 2019-04-22 2019-04-22 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20220033997A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110079888B (zh)
WO (1) WO2020215501A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112342786A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-09 静宁县恒达有限责任公司 一种磷硼杂链预聚物嵌段聚氨酯织物阻燃水性上浆剂及其制备方法与应用

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1749291A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2006-03-22 上海申真企业发展有限公司 阻燃型聚氨酯水性分散体及其制备方法
CN102164980A (zh) * 2008-07-30 2011-08-24 合同高分子株式会社 阻燃水溶性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
CN102517688A (zh) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 烟台泰和新材料股份有限公司 具有优异热定型性的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法
CN103044673A (zh) * 2012-12-29 2013-04-17 四川东材科技集团股份有限公司 一种反应型无卤含磷阻燃聚酯多元醇的制备方法
CN103590138A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-19 浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司 一种阻燃聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法
CN104448202A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2015-03-25 兰州理工大学 含磷阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103102490B (zh) * 2012-12-27 2015-12-09 北京德成嘉化工科技有限责任公司 含磷多元醇、其制备方法、及包含其的阻燃聚氨酯
CN103628173B (zh) * 2013-09-30 2015-10-28 东华大学 一种高亲水阻燃聚酯纤维的制备方法
CN105420844B (zh) * 2015-12-29 2017-07-04 烟台泰和新材料股份有限公司 一种阻燃氨纶纤维的制备方法
JP2019026962A (ja) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-21 東レ・オペロンテックス株式会社 ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法
CN107602804A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2018-01-19 江苏多森化工有限公司 一种阻燃水性聚氨酯的配方及其制备方法以及阻燃水性聚氨酯贝斯的制备方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1749291A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2006-03-22 上海申真企业发展有限公司 阻燃型聚氨酯水性分散体及其制备方法
CN102164980A (zh) * 2008-07-30 2011-08-24 合同高分子株式会社 阻燃水溶性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
CN102517688A (zh) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 烟台泰和新材料股份有限公司 具有优异热定型性的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法
CN103044673A (zh) * 2012-12-29 2013-04-17 四川东材科技集团股份有限公司 一种反应型无卤含磷阻燃聚酯多元醇的制备方法
CN103590138A (zh) * 2013-11-06 2014-02-19 浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司 一种阻燃聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法
CN104448202A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2015-03-25 兰州理工大学 含磷阻燃热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220033997A1 (en) 2022-02-03
CN110079888B (zh) 2020-11-13
WO2020215501A1 (zh) 2020-10-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101258200B1 (ko) 내열성이며 높은 투습성의 열가소성 폴리우레탄
JP5363816B2 (ja) 高分子グリコールとブレンドされたポリ(テトラメチレン−コ−エチレンエーテル)グリコールからのスパンデックス
TWI615517B (zh) 彈性織物
CN109487361B (zh) 具有良好耐热性和低温定形性的氨纶纤维及制备方法
US6639041B2 (en) Spandex having low set at low temperatures
KR20060070447A (ko) 낮은 열고정 온도를 갖는 스판덱스 및 이것의 제조를 위한물질
WO1997000982A1 (fr) Fibres de polyurethane elastiques et procede de production de ces dernieres
WO2007074814A1 (ja) ポリウレタン弾性糸およびその製造方法
JP2009516768A (ja) 低エチレンエーテル含有率を有するポリ(テトラメチレン−コ−エチレンエーテル)グリコールからのスパンデックス
CN110079888A (zh) 一种具有阻燃功能的聚氨酯弹性纤维及其制备方法
CN107849746A (zh) 包括共聚物多元醇的聚氨酯纤维
CN101171276A (zh) 由具有高亚乙基醚含量的聚(四亚甲基-共聚-亚乙基醚)二醇形成的斯潘德克斯
JP4968648B2 (ja) ポリウレタン弾性糸およびその製造方法
JP4362803B2 (ja) ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法
JP4487112B2 (ja) ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法
EP1311578B1 (en) Spandex having low set at low temperatures
JP7464496B2 (ja) ポリウレタンウレア弾性繊維およびその製造方法
JP4600799B2 (ja) サニタリー用ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法
JP2002363823A (ja) 吸湿性ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法
KR101253420B1 (ko) 우수한 파워를 가진 탄성사의 제조 방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 고파워 탄성사
KR20240024997A (ko) 폴리우레탄 우레아 섬유 또는 필름 및 그의 제조 방법
JP2002363822A (ja) 吸湿性ポリウレタン弾性繊維およびその製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: The invention relates to a polyurethane elastic fiber with flame retardant function and a preparation method thereof

Effective date of registration: 20211126

Granted publication date: 20201113

Pledgee: Bank of Qingdao Co. Yantai branch

Pledgor: YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2021980013347

PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Date of cancellation: 20230222

Granted publication date: 20201113

Pledgee: Bank of Qingdao Co. Yantai branch

Pledgor: YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2021980013347

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder

Address after: 264006 Heilongjiang Road, Yantai economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong 10

Patentee after: Taihe New Material Group Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 264006 Heilongjiang Road, Yantai economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong 10

Patentee before: YANTAI TAYHO ADVANCED MATERIALS Co.,Ltd.

CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder