CN110063413A - A kind of pressure cellar preparation method of whole corn silage feed - Google Patents
A kind of pressure cellar preparation method of whole corn silage feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN110063413A CN110063413A CN201910470562.5A CN201910470562A CN110063413A CN 110063413 A CN110063413 A CN 110063413A CN 201910470562 A CN201910470562 A CN 201910470562A CN 110063413 A CN110063413 A CN 110063413A
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- ensiling
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000503 Na-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000429 sodium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940106157 CELLULASE Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940072205 Lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 241001438449 Silo Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021075 protein intake Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019749 Dry matter Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 229940088598 Enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 231100000678 Mycotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002636 mycotoxin Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000168254 Siro Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound [N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 Lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 240000004403 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940017800 Lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000346285 Ostrinia furnacalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium aluminate Chemical compound [Na+].O=[Al-]=O IYJYQHRNMMNLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005409 aflatoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024881 catalytic activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of pressures of whole corn silage feed to store preparation method, comprising: cleaning ensilage, pressure cellar, envelope cellar, fermentation step.The pressure storage of every layer of ensiling layer uses special parameter, and ensiling per ton adds 2-6 grams of leavening, adds 8-10 grams of additives for ensiling；After compacting, every layer of ensiling layer is with a thickness of 10cm-20cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature chooses normal temperature environment；Harvesting completes pressure cellar ensiling after completing ensiling raw material within 10 hours；To guarantee ensiling raw material moisture between 62%-74% when wherein gathering in；Silage fermentation agent selects lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, and the two usage ratio is 2:1；Additives for ensiling is selection cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium, and the usage ratio of three is 5:3:2；Above-mentioned specific pressure cellar mode, silage fermentation agent and the ensilage moisture content of additives for ensiling joint preparation are higher, the fresher and tenderer succulence of feed；Soluble sugar content, thick protein consumption rate reduction degree are lower in feed, and the nutrient in feed is preferably retained；PH is lower, is more advantageous to ensilage and saves steadily in the long term.
Description
Technical field
This application involves field of feed processing, and in particular to a kind of pressure cellar preparation method of whole corn silage feed.
Background technique
Ensiling refers to that the greenfeed (stalk of fresh corn, herbage etc.) dark green succulence (passes through micro- life under conditions of anaerobism
Object fermentation) method that saves.People save the history that feed has thousands of years, " cellar using the method for ensiling
(silo) " this word is just initiated by Greece's word " siros ", and siros means hole or hole on ground.The unearthed ancient painting of Egypt
Show that ancient Egyptian is just familiar with and uses Sativa Silage Technology early in B.C. 1000-1500.Ensilage is in classification of feeds system
Belong to third major class in system.The ensilage popularity application in the husbandry sector of countries in the world is feeding ruminant domestic animal (milk
Ox, beef cattle, milch goat, mutton sheep, deer, horse, donkey etc.) important green succulent feed.
Ensiling is to make to form anaerobism in horizental silo as early as possible using the respiration of aerobic microorganism and plant cell itself
Then environment utilizes the activity of lactic acid bacteria under the conditions of closing anaerobic, generate lactic acid, inhibit the activity of other putrefactive microorganisms,
Achieve the purpose that feed long-term preservation and use, it is steady to generally comprise aerobic bacteria operational phase, lactobacillus-fermented stage and fermentation
Determine stage etc..Production ensilage needs to provide necessary condition for the procreation of lactic acid bacteria: first is that in modulated process, raw material will be as far as possible
Cut up with a hay cutter it is short, dress cellar when track tramping compacting, with exclude as far as possible store in air.Second is that the water content in raw material needs to be most suitable for lactic acid bacteria
Breeding.It should decide whether to sprinkle water according to the dark green degree of corn stalk when ensiling.Third is that raw material will contain a certain amount of sugar,
The sugar content of general corn stover meets the requirements.
Ensilage has the advantages that multiple: 1, full of nutrition, ensiling can reduce the loss of nutritional ingredient, improve feed benefit
With rate.General hay curing nutrient loss 20%-30%, sometimes up to 40% or more, and nutrient only loses 3%- after ensiling
10%, more particularly to effectively save vitamin.In addition, many helminths of raw material carrying can also be eliminated (such as by ensiling
Corn borer, borer) and pernicious bacteria.According to surveying and determination, on same units area arable land, produced whole corn silage feed
Nutritive value adds the nutritive value of Dry corn stalk stalk to be higher by 30%~50% than produced corn kernel.2, enhance palatability, it is green
It is good to store the sour-sweet fragrance of feed soft and succulency, smell, palatability；Especially in withered grass season, domestic animal can have green forage, natural
Feed intake can be increased.The secretion for also promoting glandula digestive simultaneously, also there is well the digestion for improving other feeds in domestic animal daily ration
Effect.Experiments have shown that: the ensilage made of similar green grass and hay are made comparisons, and the digestibility of ensilage increases.
Currently, the production method of common ensiling, which has, wraps up in packet ensiling: the ensiling raw material crushed being carried out with baler highly dense
Degree compacting bundling, is then wrapped up with stretched film by wrapping machine, to create the yeasting of an anaerobism, is finally completed
Lactic fermentation process.This celebration mode is widely recognized as and is used by World Developed Countries such as European Countries, the U.S. and Japan,
Trial is also had begun in some areas of China and uses this ensiling way, and gradually it is commercialized.Wrap up in packet ensiling and routine
Ensiling is the same, have dry matter loss it is smaller, can long-term preservation, it is soft, have that sour-sweet fragrant, palatability be good, digestibility
The features such as height, nutrient component damages are few.There are also following advantages simultaneously: production is not limited by time, place, is not stored
The limitation in place is not also just limited if can be processed in canopy room by weather.Compared with other ensiling ways, wrap up in
The closure of packet ensilage is relatively good, also less by the nutriment of juice loss, and showing there is no secondary fermentation
As.Furthermore transport and the use for wrapping up in packet ensiling are all more convenient, are conducive to its commercialization.This is for promoting ensiling secondary industry
The development of change has a very important significance.Although wrapping up in packet ensiling although to have many good qualities, however, there are also some shortcomings.
First is that this packaging is easily damaged, once stretched film is damaged, saccharomycete and mould will mass propagation, lead to ensilage
It is rotten, mouldy.Second is that be easy to causeing between different bales, moisture content is irregular, fermentation quality difference occurs, thus to raising
Material nutrient design brings difficulty, it is difficult to accurately grasp appropriate supply amount.
Therefore, a kind of efficient ensilage processing method is studied, reduces production cost, and feed quality can be improved, is guaranteed
Nutrient composition content and the technical issues of extend the shelf life, be current urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, on the one hand, the pressure that the present invention provides whole corn silage feed stores preparation method, packet
It includes:
One, clear up ensilage: selected depth is the horizental silo of 4m or so, before harvest corn, clears up horizental silo, disposes
Remaining miscellaneous bacteria in horizental silo avoids it from continuing breeding and pollutes new ensiling raw material；After cleaning out, horizental silo two sides are laid with
Clean plastic cloth makes to be isolated inside horizental silo with external environment, avoids miscellaneous bacteria from invading, pollute horizental silo；
Two, pressure cellar: harvesting crushes whole-plant corn, and the length of maize raw material is 1.5-3cm, smashed complete stool after crushing
Corn, additives for ensiling and leavening are successively added upwards by storing bottom；
Three, after completing pressure cellar, plastic foil and oxygen barrier film envelope cellar: are enclosed to completely cut off miscellaneous bacteria and outside air on ensiling surface；
Four, it ferments behind fermentation envelope cellar to ensiling, fermentation time is 40-50 days, obtains finished product ensilage, carries out matter
Inspection.
Preferably, in the step of the pressure cellar, the specific pressure storage method of every layer of ensiling layer are as follows: harvesting powder is added into horizental silo
Then leavening is added in whole-plant corn after broken while being compacted, ensiling per ton adds 2-6 grams of leavening, adds 8-10 grams of ensiling
Additive；After compacting, every layer of ensiling layer is with a thickness of 10cm-20cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature chooses room temperature ring
Border；Harvesting completes pressure cellar ensiling after completing ensiling raw material within 10 hours；Wherein gather in when to guarantee ensiling raw material moisture between
Between 62%-74%, when moisture is lower than 62%, then ensilage needs to add water, and moisture is avoided to be higher than 74%.
Preferably, the leavening is lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici
(Pedicoccusacidilactici), the two optimum amount ratio is 2:1.
Preferably, the additives for ensiling are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The dosage of three
Ratio is 5:3:2.
On the other hand, the present invention provides ensiling made from a kind of pressure cellar preparation method using whole corn silage feed and raises
Material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the key of whole corn silage feed making is that raw material will have certain water content.Ensilage is fast.Contracting
Short ensiling time most effective method is that fastly, fast receipts fast freight, cut fastly, fast-assembling, step on, seal fastly fastly.It has to when filling cellar by ensiling
Interior air is expected in material compacting, as far as possible discharge, not ignore corner area, as much as possible creation anaerobic environment, keeps sealing.The present invention
Best pressure cellar parameter is obtained by experiment, so that Silage Quality be made to maintain higher level；PH is lower, is more advantageous to ensiling feeding
Material is steady in a long-term to be saved.Ammoniacal nitrogen and organic acid content
2, present invention discover that enzyme preparation and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium are with the use of can effectively improve complete stool in additives for ensiling
Crude protein content in corn silage dry matter, to improve Silage Quality.Hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium (HSCAS) is to reduce to raise
The typical additives that mycotoxin endangers in material.Why HSCAS can be with absorbing mycotoxin, and being mostly derived from it is a kind of stratiform
Alumino-silicate, the ion polarity formed using more hollow structures between its tetrahedron-octahedron-tetrahedral layer and surface are strong to adsorb
The same mycotoxin with ion polarity.Therefore currently, focusing primarily upon it to Mycotoxins in Feed to the research of HSCAS
The suction-operated of (especially aflatoxin).The present invention passes through the comparison to ensilage progress sensory evaluation and the index of quality
Analysis is found, to whole corn silage feed using specific silage fermentation agent and the blueness comprising special ratios hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium
The ensilage of storage additive agent joint preparation, moisture content is higher, the fresher and tenderer succulence of feed；It is beautiful using complete stool to effectively facilitate leavening
The nutritional ingredients such as the carbohydrate of rice ensiling carry out growth and breeding, it is suppressed that the drop of protein caused by putrefactive microorganisms act on
It solves, soluble sugar content, thick protein consumption rate reduction degree are lower in feed, and the nutrient in feed is preferably retained.
3, inventor, which studies, finds that a variety of homogeneity type lactic bacteria additives are green with the use of that can significantly improve whole-plant corn
Quality is store, and optimal combination lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici are obtained by experiment
(Pedicoccusacidilactici), the two optimum amount ratio is 2:1, promotes ensilage organoleptic quality and improves dry
Matter content, aerobic stability.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described below in more detail to facilitate the understanding of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
One, clear up ensilage: selected depth is the horizental silo of 4m or so, before harvest corn, clears up horizental silo, disposes
Remaining miscellaneous bacteria in horizental silo avoids it from continuing breeding and pollutes new ensiling raw material；After cleaning out, horizental silo two sides are laid with
Clean plastic cloth makes to be isolated inside horizental silo with external environment, avoids miscellaneous bacteria from invading, pollute horizental silo；
Two, pressure cellar: harvesting crushes whole-plant corn, and the length of maize raw material is 2.2cm after crushing, and smashed complete stool is beautiful
Rice, additives for ensiling and leavening are successively added upwards by storing bottom；The specific pressure storage method of every layer of ensiling layer are as follows: to horizental silo
Smashed whole-plant corn is gathered in interior addition, leavening is then added while being compacted, ensiling per ton adds 5 grams of leavenings, adds
10 grams of additives for ensiling；After compacting, every layer of ensiling layer is with a thickness of 15cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature is chosen normal
Warm environment；Harvesting completes pressure cellar ensiling after completing ensiling raw material within 10 hours；To guarantee ensiling raw material moisture when wherein gathering in
Between 62%-74%, when moisture is lower than 62%, then ensilage needs to add water, and moisture is avoided to be higher than 74%；The fermentation
Agent is lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici (Pedicoccusacidilactici), the two usage ratio
For 2:1；The additives for ensiling are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The usage ratio of three is 5:3:
2；
Three, after completing pressure cellar, plastic foil and oxygen barrier film envelope cellar: are enclosed to completely cut off miscellaneous bacteria and outside air on ensiling surface；
Four, it ferments behind fermentation envelope cellar to ensiling, fermentation time is 45 days, obtains finished product ensilage, carries out quality inspection.
Embodiment 2,
One, clear up ensilage: selected depth is the horizental silo of 4m or so, before harvest corn, clears up horizental silo, disposes
Remaining miscellaneous bacteria in horizental silo avoids it from continuing breeding and pollutes new ensiling raw material；After cleaning out, horizental silo two sides are laid with
Clean plastic cloth makes to be isolated inside horizental silo with external environment, avoids miscellaneous bacteria from invading, pollute horizental silo；
Two, pressure cellar: harvesting crushes whole-plant corn, and the length of maize raw material is 1.7cm after crushing, and smashed complete stool is beautiful
Rice, additives for ensiling and leavening are successively added upwards by storing bottom；The specific pressure storage method of every layer of ensiling layer are as follows: to horizental silo
Smashed whole-plant corn is gathered in interior addition, leavening is then added while being compacted, ensiling per ton adds 4 grams of leavenings, adds 9
Gram additives for ensiling；After compacting, every layer of ensiling layer is with a thickness of 17cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature chooses room temperature
Environment；Harvesting completes pressure cellar ensiling after completing ensiling raw material within 10 hours；To guarantee that ensiling raw material moisture is situated between when wherein gathering in
Between 62%-74%, when moisture is lower than 62%, then ensilage needs to add water, and moisture is avoided to be higher than 74%；The leavening
For lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici (Pedicoccusacidilactici), the two usage ratio is
2:1；The additives for ensiling are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The usage ratio of three is 5:3:2；
Three, after completing pressure cellar, plastic foil and oxygen barrier film envelope cellar: are enclosed to completely cut off miscellaneous bacteria and outside air on ensiling surface；
Four, it ferments behind fermentation envelope cellar to ensiling, fermentation time is 48 days, obtains finished product ensilage, carries out quality inspection.
Embodiment 3
One, clear up ensilage: selected depth is the horizental silo of 4m or so, before harvest corn, clears up horizental silo, disposes
Remaining miscellaneous bacteria in horizental silo avoids it from continuing breeding and pollutes new ensiling raw material；After cleaning out, horizental silo two sides are laid with
Clean plastic cloth makes to be isolated inside horizental silo with external environment, avoids miscellaneous bacteria from invading, pollute horizental silo；
Two, pressure cellar: harvesting, crush whole-plant corn, after crushing the length of maize raw material be 2cm, smashed whole-plant corn,
Additives for ensiling and leavening are successively added upwards by storing bottom；The specific pressure storage method of every layer of ensiling layer are as follows: into horizental silo
It is added and gathers in smashed whole-plant corn, leavening is then added while being compacted, ensiling per ton adds 3 grams of leavenings, adds 8 grams
Additives for ensiling；After compacting, every layer of ensiling layer is with a thickness of 14cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature chooses room temperature ring
Border；Harvesting completes pressure cellar ensiling after completing ensiling raw material within 10 hours；Wherein gather in when to guarantee ensiling raw material moisture between
Between 62%-74%, when moisture is lower than 62%, then ensilage needs to add water, and moisture is avoided to be higher than 74%；The leavening is
Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum) and Pediococcus acidilactici (Pedicoccusacidilactici), the two usage ratio are 2:
1；The additives for ensiling are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The usage ratio of three is 5:3:2；
Three, after completing pressure cellar, plastic foil and oxygen barrier film envelope cellar: are enclosed to completely cut off miscellaneous bacteria and outside air on ensiling surface；
Four, it ferments behind fermentation envelope cellar to ensiling, fermentation time is 45 days, obtains finished product ensilage, carries out quality inspection.
Experiment one: difference ensiling thickness degree, density, the comparative experiments of water content parameter when pressure cellar
Experimental example 1-6: every layer of ensiling thickness degree 14cm, density 700kg/m with embodiment 13, ensiling raw material moisture between
Three parameter differences between 62%-74%, remaining is essentially identical with the preparation method of 1 whole corn silage feed of embodiment: real
Every layer of ensiling thickness degree density for testing example 1,2 is 7cm and 800kg/m3, water content is respectively 65%, 75%；Experimental example 3,4
Every layer of ensiling thickness degree density is 25cm and 750kg/m3, water content is respectively 60%, 65%；The 30cm of experimental example 5,6 and
650kg/m3, water content is respectively 63%, 70%；Step 2 is to four: same as Example 1.Respectively to embodiment 1, experimental example
The ensilage that 1-6 is obtained carries out the measurement of pH value, ammoniacal nitrogen and organic acid content.
Ensilage sample 20g is taken, 180mL ultrapure water is added, uniformly mixes, after 3 layers of gauze and quantitative filter paper filtering
Extraction and determination liquid directly measures pH value using pHS-3C acidometer；Ammonia nitrogen concentration is measured using spectrophotometric colo method, and
Calculate its ratio with total nitrogen.The extraction of organic acid: weighing 5g sample to be tested and be placed in centrifuge tube, and 30mL ultrapure water is added and adds
Entering sulfuric acid acidification makes pH < 2, covers tightly lid, for 24 hours in 4 DEG C of extractions, is then measured using gas chromatography.
Ammoniacal nitrogen mainly utilizes protein and ammonia to the degradation of protein and microorganism decomposition by plant enzyme in ensilage
Base acid generates, and ammonia nitrogen content reflects the degree of ensilage protein degradation in total nitrogen.It can be accumulated in ensilage a large amount of
Organic acid, wherein the mainly volatile fatty acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid, these acid have good soluble ensiling early stage
Lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid production quantity, reflect Silage Quality.
Experimental result: by table 1: pH value, ammoniacal nitrogen and the organic acid content of ensilage, by ensiling raw aqueous
Amount, pressure store being affected for parameter, and embodiment 1 is compared to experimental example 1-6 in this test, hence it is evident that reduces whole corn silage
Ammonia nitrogen concentration, reduces the decomposition of protein, while having accumulated the content of the volatile fatty acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid,
Illustrate that the specific pressure cellar parameter of the present invention improves silage fermentation degree of decomposition, improves the quality of whole corn silage.
1 ensiling thickness degree of table, density, the contrast and experiment of water content parameter
Test the influence of enzyme and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium in two additives for ensiling being used cooperatively to feed quality
Experimental example 7-9: identical as the leavening of embodiment 1, additives for ensiling is different, remaining and 1 complete stool of embodiment
The preparation method of corn Silage is identical: the additives for ensiling of experimental example 7 are as follows: cellulase, zytase；The dosage of the two
Ratio is 5:3；The additives for ensiling of experimental example 8 are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The dosage of three
Ratio is 5:3:3；The additives for ensiling of experimental example 9 are as follows: cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium；The use of three
Amount ratio is 5:3:1.
The measurement of ensilage diet moisture, soluble sugar and crude protein is carried out to embodiment 1, experimental example 7-9 respectively.
The measurement of diet moisture: sample being placed in 103 DEG C of electric drying oven with forced convection, dry to constant weight, by measuring ensiling
The quality of the dry front and back of feed can calculate moisture content.The measurement of soluble sugar content: it is surveyed using the anthrone colorimetry of optimization
Determine the content of soluble sugar in forage grass.The detection of thick protein in forage grass: using Kjeldahl's method, measure nitrogen content in sample,
By result multiplied by conversion coefficient 6.25, the content of thick protein can be calculated.
Experimental result:
Influence measurement of 2 additives for ensiling of table to diet moisture, soluble sugar and crude protein
From Table 2, it can be seen that compared with former moisture content of straws, by ensiling, treated that corn stover moisture content has
Rise to a certain degree, wherein embodiment 1, experimental example 8, experimental example 9 are using enzyme in additives for ensiling and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium
The moisture content of straws being used cooperatively is higher, the fresher and tenderer succulence of the feed.After hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium is added, fermentation process raw material is lost
Weight is more, and moisture content is caused to be increased.Wherein 1 water content of embodiment is significantly higher than other experimental examples.
Microorganism carries out growth and breeding, after ensiling, straw as carbon source and the energy using the soluble sugar that stalk provides
The soluble sugar content of stalk all decreases.Although from Table 2, it can be seen that the ensilage soluble sugar content of embodiment 1
Also it reduces, but the addition of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium improves enzyme activity stability in additives for ensiling, it can be preferably right
Cellulose substances are hydrolyzed, to supplement sugared content.
Compared to experimental example 7-9, the thick protein of embodiment 1 is largely retained after ensiling, illustrates to be hydrated silicon
The addition of sodium aluminate calcium can preferably retain the nutrient protein ingredient of ensilage.Test the choosing of microbial inoculum in three silage fermentation agent
It selects and uses the influence to feed quality with proportion
Experimental example 10-12: different from the leavening of embodiment 1, additives for ensiling is identical, remaining is complete with embodiment 1
The preparation method of strain corn Silage is identical: the leavening of experimental example 10 is lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus pumilus, the two
Usage ratio is 2:1；The leavening of experimental example 11 is Lactobacillus casei and Pediococcus acidilactici, and the two usage ratio is 2:1；Experiment
The leavening of example 12 is lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, and the two usage ratio is 3:1；The leavening of experimental example 13 is plant
Lactobacillus and Pediococcus acidilactici, the two usage ratio are 1:1.
Ensilage organoleptic quality, dry matter content are carried out to embodiment 1, experimental example 10-13 respectively and mention aerobic stability
The measurement of property.Using German agriculture association (DLG) point system, sensory evaluation is carried out according to the color of feed, smell and structure, point
For excellent, fair, medium and corrupt 4 grades；150g ensilage is taken to be placed in the clean wide-mouth bottle of 500mL, wide-mouth bottle is placed
To the place of insulated heat.It is inserted into 1 sensitive mercurial thermometer measuring temperature variation at the center of ensilage, while monitoring room
Temperature is higher than 2 DEG C of room temperature of time (h) i.e. aerobic stability duration from sample ingress of air to sample temperature.
Experimental result: the selection of ensilage fermentation microbial inoculum and important shadow is generated with attenuation degree and fermentation quality is compared
It rings, to influence ensilage organoleptic quality, dry matter content, aerobic stability.As shown in Table 3；Although 11 dry of embodiment
Matter content is higher, but its aerobic stability sex expression is worst；The 10 aerobic stability duration of experimental example is longer, but its dry matter content
It is lower.The sensory evaluation of embodiment 1 be it is outstanding, aerobic stability has reached 120h and dry matter content highest, can be well
Meet production requirement.
3 ensilage sensory evaluation of table, dry matter content, aerobic stability measurement result
The foregoing describe the preferred embodiment for the present invention, and however, it is not to limit the invention.Those skilled in the art couple
Embodiment disclosed herein can carry out the improvements and changes without departing from scope and spirit.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of pressure of whole corn silage feed stores preparation method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
One, clear up ensilage: selected depth is the horizental silo of 4m or so, before harvest corn, clears up horizental silo, disposes ensiling
Remaining miscellaneous bacteria in cellar avoids it from continuing breeding and pollutes new ensiling raw material；After cleaning out, horizental silo two sides are laid with clean
Plastic cloth, make to be isolated with external environment inside horizental silo, miscellaneous bacteria avoided to invade, pollution horizental silo；
Two, pressure cellar: harvesting, crush whole-plant corn, after crushing the length of maize raw material be 1.5-3cm, smashed whole-plant corn,
Silage fermentation agent and additives for ensiling are successively added upwards by storing bottom；
Three, after completing pressure cellar, plastic foil and oxygen barrier film envelope cellar: are enclosed to completely cut off miscellaneous bacteria and outside air on ensiling surface；
Four, it ferments behind fermentation envelope cellar to ensiling, fermentation time is 40-50 days, obtains finished product ensilage, carries out quality inspection.
2. the pressure of whole corn silage feed as described in claim 1 stores preparation method, which is characterized in that the pressure stores step
In, the specific pressure storage method of every layer of ensiling layer are as follows: be added into horizental silo and gather in smashed whole-plant corn, be then compacted on one side
Leavening is added on one side, ensiling per ton adds 2-6 grams of leavening, adds 8-10 grams of additives for ensiling；After compacting, every layer of ensiling thickness degree
For 10cm-20cm, density 700kg/m3；Ensiling pressure cellar temperature chooses normal temperature environment；Harvesting is completed after ensiling raw material 10 hours
Within complete pressure cellar ensiling；To guarantee ensiling raw material moisture between 62%-74% when wherein gathering in, when moisture is lower than
62%, then ensilage needs to add water, and moisture is avoided to be higher than 74%.
3. the pressure of whole corn silage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2 stores preparation method, it is characterised in that: the ensiling
Leavening is lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, and the two usage ratio is 2:1.
4. the pressure of whole corn silage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2 stores preparation method, it is characterised in that: the ensiling
Additive is cellulase, zytase and hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium, and the usage ratio of three is 5:3:2.
5. ensilage made from the pressure cellar preparation method of whole corn silage feed according to any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN114651681A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-06-24 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Banded intercropping method and mixed harvesting and mixed storing method for feeding sorghum and silage corn |
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