CN110055747A - 一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及麻类抗菌材料技术领域,公开了一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维由麻类纤维依次经碱化和氧化后,用银离子溶液浸泡反应后获得。本发明以银离子溶液为银源先驱体,在不添加任何还原剂的情况下,采用碱化和氧化操作,使麻类纤维自身获得具备还原性能的醛基,促使吸附的银离子原位生长成纳米银颗粒,制备出高效、快速、持久的抗菌性能及耐洗性的新型麻类抗菌纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及麻类抗菌材料技术领域,具体涉及一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
麻是从各种麻类植物取得的纤维,包括一年生或多年生草本双子叶植物皮层的韧皮纤维和单子叶植物的叶纤维。韧皮纤维作物主要有苎麻、黄麻、红麻、大麻、亚麻、罗布麻等。麻纤维有其他纤维难以比拟的优势:具有良好的吸湿散湿与透气的功能,传热导热快、凉爽挺括、出汗不贴身、质地轻、强力大、防虫防霉、静电少、织物不易污染、色调柔和大方、粗犷、适宜人体皮肤的排泄和分泌等特点。
我国是世界上最早种植汉麻(Hemp,又称工业大麻)的国家,产量约占世界总产量的1/3,居世界第一。汉麻纤维是人类最早用于纺织的纤维之一,具有优良吸湿、散湿、透气功能,具有传热导热速度快,面料质地轻、强力大,静电少,穿着凉爽挺括等优点。在众多麻纤维中,汉麻纤维最细软且末端呈钝圆状态,使汉麻纤维类纺织品没有尖锐刺痒感,已逐步受到人们的青睐。由于汉麻纤维中本身含有一定的抗菌成分,其使汉麻具有一定的抗菌防霉性能。然而,用于纺织的汉麻纤维在脱胶过程中有大部分抗菌成分的流失,造成梳理后汉麻纤维的抗菌性降低甚至丧失,难以满足人类的抗菌需求。
鉴于上述问题,人们开始研发抗菌麻类纤维。抗菌纤维的制备方法主要有共混纺丝、静电纺丝、后整理技术、化学改性等。后整理技术是传统的纺织品抗菌处理方法,该方法虽然简便易行,但整理后纺织品的抗菌耐久性不佳。市场上的抗菌纤维材料,通常是将抗菌剂以共混纺丝的方式加入到化学纤维中,制得持久性抗菌纤维。共混纺丝与后整理技术相比,制得的抗菌纤维抗菌效果好、耐久,但这种方法的纤维制造难度大,尤其对抗菌剂的要求高。溶液纺丝和熔融纺丝也可采用共混法生产抗菌纤维,但其关键技术有明显不同,如湿法必须解决抗菌剂与纺丝液的相容性问题,熔法除了考虑抗菌剂的相容性问题外,还要着重考虑抗菌剂的耐高温性问题,与湿法相比,其难度更大。
相比上述两种方案,化学改性法难度较小,其是利用基础纤维结构中反应性基团与改性剂间的化学反应,将抗菌功能基团引入基础纤维骨架材料上,使得纤维获得抗菌性能。在麻类领域中,现有专利CN108823963A公开了一种汉麻抗菌纤维材料的制备方法,制备了带有季铵官能团的汉麻纤维,虽然24h对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率达95%以上,但是其在短时间内(1h)的抗菌效果并不明显,并且抗菌效果随洗涤次数会出现下降。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用,使得所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维能够在短时间内具备较高的抗菌效果;
本发明的另外一个目的在于提供一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用,使得所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维的抗菌效果耐洗性较强;
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维,由麻类纤维依次经碱化和氧化后,用银离子溶液浸泡反应后获得。
麻类纤维自身没有还原性,本发明将纤维先经过碱化得到更多可反应的羟基,然后通过氧化过程变成醛基,利用醛基的还原性能使其吸附的银离子原位生长成纳米银颗粒,制备出提高短时间内的抗菌性能及耐洗性的新型麻类抗菌纤维。
作为优选,所述碱化为用碱性溶液浸泡处理,麻类纤维和碱性溶液的质量体积比为1g:20~100mL;所述碱性溶液的质量百分比浓度为15~30%,优选为15~20%,在本发明具体实施方式中,所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液,质量百分比浓度为18%;在碱化过程中,反应温度为常温,反应时间优选为30~120min,更优选为60~120min。
作为优选,所述氧化为用氧化试剂进行氧化反应,而后去除未反应的氧化试剂;麻类纤维和氧化试剂的质量体积比为1g:20~100mL;所述氧化试剂优选高碘酸盐溶液,例如高碘酸钠,所述高碘酸盐的浓度为0.5~3.0%;在本发明具体实施方式中,用丙三醇溶液浸泡来去除未反应的高碘酸钠,麻类纤维被丙三醇溶液浸没即可;所述丙三醇溶液的质量百分比浓度为0.05~0.1%;氧化过程中,反应温度优选为20~70℃,更优选为30~50℃;所述反应时间优选为30~240min,更优选为60~240min;反应过程:振荡反应,避光。
在本发明具体实施方式中,所述银离子溶液使用硝酸银溶液,在保证银离子足够量或过量的情形下就可以实现预期的制备目的,为了避免不必要的损失,所述银离子溶液中银离子浓度为0.01~1mol/L,浸泡为淹没麻类纤维即可。反应时采用振荡反应0.5~24h,温度为30~70℃。
在短时抗菌性能和耐洗试验中,本发明以麻类纤维中常见的汉麻纤维(也即工业大麻纤维)为例进行测试,结果显示,本发明所制备的纳米抗菌麻类纤维相比直接用银离子溶液处理的麻类原纤,能够在1h后就获得高于96%的抗菌率(对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌),同时在洗涤50次后仍然保持92%以上的抗菌率,而对照的抗菌麻类纤维无论在短时抗菌性能还是耐洗脱性能上均较差;
此外,与采用硼氢化钠还原剂制备的纳米抗菌麻类纤维相比,本发明所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维表面更加光滑,纳米银颗粒的分散性和均一性较好。
基于上述的技术效果,本发明提出了所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维在制备抗菌产品中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维的制备方法,包括:
步骤1、将麻类纤维浸泡在碱性溶液中,然后清洗、干燥,获得碱化纤维;
步骤2、所述碱性纤维浸泡在氧化试剂中避光反应,接着除去未反应的氧化试剂,然后清洗、干燥,获氧化纤维;
步骤3、将氧化纤维直接浸泡在银离子溶液中反应,反应完后取出纤维,清洗、烘干,获得所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维。
更具体地,所述制备方法包括:
步骤1、将麻类纤维浸泡在氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中,常温,30~120min,蒸馏水洗涤至中性,烘干过夜得到碱化纤维;
步骤2、将碱化麻纤浸泡在高碘酸盐溶液中避光20~70℃振荡反应30~240min,取出纤维用丙三醇浸泡30~60min,再用蒸馏水洗涤干净,烘干过夜得到具备还原基团醛基的氧化纤维;
步骤3、将氧化纤维直接浸泡在银离子溶液中,30~70℃振荡反应0.5~24h,取出纤维,蒸馏水洗涤干净,烘干过夜得到不同程度的黄色的纳米抗菌麻类纤维。
由以上技术方案可知,本发明以银离子溶液为银源先驱体,在不添加任何还原剂的情况下,采用碱化和氧化操作,使麻类纤维获得具备还原性能的醛基,促使吸附的银离子原位生长成纳米银颗粒,制备出提高短时间内的抗菌性能及耐洗性的新型麻类抗菌纤维。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明抗菌汉麻纤维的扫描电镜图;
图2所示为采用硼氢化钠为还原剂制备的纳米抗菌汉麻纤维的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
在具体实施例中,对比试验中除应有的技术区别外,其余所用原料、试剂等试验环境保持一致;
以下就本发明所提供的一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维及其制备方法和应用做进一步说明。
实施例1:制备本发明纳米抗菌汉麻纤维
将汉麻原纤维浸泡在18%氢氧化钠溶液中,常温,1h,蒸馏水洗涤至中性,40℃烘干过夜得到碱化麻纤;
将碱化麻纤浸泡在1.5%高碘酸钠溶液中避光50℃振荡反应1h,取出纤维用0.1%丙三醇浸泡30min,再用蒸馏水洗涤干净,40℃烘干过夜得到具备还原基团醛基的氧化麻纤;
将氧化麻纤直接浸泡在0.01~1mol/L硝酸银溶液中,30~70℃振荡反应0.5~24h,取出纤维,蒸馏水洗涤干净,40℃烘干过夜得到不同程度的黄色的纳米银麻纤。
实施例2:所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维短时抗菌性能和耐洗脱性能的检测
仅将汉麻原纤用硝酸银溶液浸泡反应,不进行碱化和氧化过程,制备对照银离子吸附抗菌汉麻纤维,编组为汉麻原纤+AgNO3;
本发明纳米麻类抗菌纤维用实施例1制备的抗菌汉麻纤维,编组为氧化汉麻原纤+AgNO3;
纤维抗菌性能的评定:
采用改良的振荡烧瓶法定量的测定纤维的抗菌率,选用大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和白色念珠菌(Canidia albicans)为代表性致病菌种。具体操作如下:取1mL活化后的细菌菌液,12000rpm离心2min,并用无菌生理盐水清洗菌体2~3次,然后重悬于20mL的无菌生理盐水中。称取一定质量各组抗菌汉麻纤维放入上述菌悬液中,37℃,180rpm振荡培养1h和24h,取1mL菌悬液,用无菌生理盐水将其稀释成10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6,分别取后三个梯度的菌悬液100μL,加入适合菌种生长的琼脂培养基上,并用无菌的涂布棒将其涂匀,37℃倒平板培养24h。将初始菌悬液(不含纤维)作为空白对照;采用平皿计数法计算存活菌落数和抗菌率,根据国家标准GB/T20944.3~2008,认为当纤维对革兰氏菌的抗菌率高于70%,对白色念珠菌的抗菌率高于60%时,纤维具有抗菌性。
表1
表2
表3
由表1-3可以明显看出,汉麻原纤+AgNO3组无论在短时抗菌性能还是耐洗脱性能上都远不如本发明抗菌纤维。
实施例3:所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维的扫描电镜检测
采用硼氢化钠作为还原剂制备抗菌纤维,编组为汉麻原纤+AgNO3+NaBH4,将其与实施例1制备的抗菌纤维通过扫描电镜进行纤维结构观察,结果见图1~2。
根据图1~2可以看出,氧化纤维还原出的银纳米颗粒的粒径更小(50nm)且生成的颗粒更均匀,分散性也更好,NaBH4还原出的银纳米颗粒大小不均一(50~200nm),且容易集聚。表明本发明制备的纳米抗菌麻类纤维在品质上更加,银纳米颗粒更加分散和均匀有利于抗菌效果,纳米银颗粒的集聚影响抗菌效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,由麻类纤维依次经碱化和氧化后,用银离子溶液浸泡反应后获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述碱化为用碱性溶液浸泡处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述氧化为用氧化试剂进行氧化反应。
5.根据权利要求4所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述氧化试剂为高碘酸盐溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述银离子溶液为硝酸银溶液。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述银离子溶液中银离子浓度为0.01~1mol/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维,其特征在于,所述麻类纤维为汉麻纤维。
9.权利要求1~8任意一项所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维在制备抗菌产品中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1、将麻类纤维浸泡在碱性溶液中,然后清洗、干燥,获得碱化纤维;
步骤2、所述碱化纤维浸泡在氧化试剂中避光反应,接着除去未反应的氧化试剂,然后清洗、干燥,获氧化纤维;
步骤3、将氧化纤维直接浸泡在银离子溶液中反应,反应完后取出纤维,清洗、烘干,获得所述纳米抗菌麻类纤维。
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