CN110055055A - 一种区分Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外发射荧光探针及其应用 - Google Patents
一种区分Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外发射荧光探针及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种区分Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外发射荧光探针,其结构式为:。本发明的探针能够利用不同的荧光发射模式来区分Cys和GSH/H2S,并将其应用在细胞、斑马鱼和裸鼠的硫醇检测成像中。本发明的探针合成步骤简单、成本低。本发明的探针能够在Cys和GSH/H2S的检测中发挥重要作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学技术领域,具体涉及一种区分Cys和GSH/ H2S的荧光探针及其应用。
背景技术
生物硫醇如硫化氢(H2S)和半胱氨酸(Cys)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)都属于不可或缺的存在于生命系统的活性硫物种(RSS),因为他们在人类各种各样的生理和病理过程中扮演重要的角色。例如:细胞内氧化应激的规则,信号的传输,以及维持细胞的正常生长和新陈代谢。这些生物硫醇的异常值可能导致许多健康障碍。硫化氢(H2S)作为最简单的生物硫醇,也被认为是活体动物体内的第三种气体信号分子。许多疾病如唐氏综合症、阿尔茨海默氏症、肝硬化、高血压和糖尿病都与生活系统中异常水平的H2S密切相关。半胱氨酸(Cys)异常可导致生长缓慢、肝损伤、水肿、皮肤损伤、嗜睡、肌肉和脂肪减少。谷胱甘肽(GSH)是心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病和癌症的危险因素。因此,对这些生物硫醇的鉴别具有重要意义和应用价值。
对于传统的生物硫醇检测方法如高效液相色谱法、电化学检测法、质谱法、毛细管电泳法等已有报道,但它们也同时由于存在着成本高、复杂难懂、破坏组织或细胞、操作繁琐等众多缺点的原因而限制了这些方法的实际应用。荧光检测技术是各种检测技术中重要的一种检测方法,这主要是由于荧光探针具有操作简单、选择性和灵敏度高、检测限低、实时、无损、细胞内检测等特点。在许多检测生物硫醇的光学探针中,有的只用于检测一种生物硫醇(Cys、H2S或GSH),而没有对它们进行区分,然而,有些探针可以达到区分的目的,但由于其发射波长较短,不能在生物体内应用。因此,设计荧光探针对长发射波长生物硫醇的鉴别具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对目前检测生物硫醇探针不能用于生物体的问题,本发明提供一种区分Cys和GSH/ H2S的近红外发射荧光探针,能够检测细胞、斑马鱼以及裸鼠内源性及外源性硫醇。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种区分Cys和GSH/ H2S的近红外发射荧光探针,其化学名称为9-(二乙基氨基)-3-((7-硝基苯并[c][1,2,5]恶二唑-4-基)氧基)-5H-苯并[a]吩恶嗪-5-酮,简称为NN,其化学结构式如式(I)所示:
式(I)。
上述荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在0-5℃下,3-(二乙基氨基)苯酚与NaNO2在浓硫酸存在下反应,产物以4mol/L的HCl溶液洗涤,抽滤干燥后获得黄色粉末状化合物1:;
(2)N2气保护下,化合物1和1,7-二羟基萘在DMF中回流反应,反应结束后旋干溶液,得到粗产物,再用乙醚和甲醇冲洗粗产物,提纯得化合物2:,即Nile-OH;
(3)4-氯-7-硝基苯并[c][1,2,5]恶二唑加入化合物2和三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液,在N2气保护下室温反应,反应结束后旋干溶液并提纯得到探针。
步骤(2)中,提纯步骤为粗产物以体积比为50:1:5的二氯甲烷:甲醇:冰醋酸为淋洗液过硅胶柱。
步骤(3)中,提纯步骤为粗产物以二氯甲烷为淋洗液过硅胶柱。
一种上述荧光探针在制备检测溶液、细胞或生物体中Cys和GSH/ H2S试剂中的应用。所述生物体包括斑马鱼和裸鼠。
本发明的机理如下:
本发明通过醚键将NBD(7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并恶二唑)基团连接到近红外发射的Nile-OH基团上得到探针NN,根据光诱导电子转移(PET)原理可知探针NN是没有荧光的,Nile-OH和NBD(7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并恶二唑)片段分别被选择为识别单元和荧光猝灭基团。检测时,探针结构将被生物硫醇切断,生成Nile-OH和硫醇-NBD。当非荧光探针NN被Cys切断时,由于顺序亲核取代反应,反应系统首先会生成近红外发射的Nile-OH和无荧光的硫醇-NBD,然后硫醇-NBD会迅速发生分子内Smiles重排,产生强黄绿色发射的氨基-NBD (NBD-Cys)。然而,在GSH/H2S与探针反应的时,非荧光体系可以产生近红外发射的Nile-OH以及无荧光的硫醇-NBD(NBD-GSH或NBD-H2S),由于动力学中大环过渡态的形成失败导致Smiles重排无法进行,因此NBD-GSH或NBD-H2S不会发出荧光。综上所述,可以利用这种不同的荧光发射模式来区分Cys和GSH/H2S。
本发明所述荧光探针的水溶液,在Cys存在下,所发射的荧光由655 nm的弱荧光发射(近红外)变成了559nm和655 nm的强荧光发射,该现象说明探针对Cys有响应,当与GSH/H2S反应时,则只有655nm这一荧光发射峰强度增加明显。这一现象表明该探针能够在水溶液中区分和检测Cys和GSH/H2S:
。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的探针能够利用不同的荧光发射模式来区分Cys和GSH/H2S,并将其应用在细胞、斑马鱼和裸鼠的硫醇检测成像中。本发明的探针合成步骤简单、成本低。本发明的探针能够在Cys和GSH/H2S的检测中发挥重要作用。
附图说明
图1:探针的1H NMR谱;
图2:探针的高分辨质谱;
图3:探针在磷酸缓冲液中的吸收光谱图,探针浓度:10 µM;
图4:探针所检测不同浓度的不同硫醇的滴定实验;其中激发波长为575 nm 或510 nm;探针的浓度:10 µM;
图5:探针在磷酸缓冲液中的选择性,其中激发波长为575 nm;探针的浓度:10 µM,选择性离子的浓度为2.5 mM;
图6:探针在细胞中的成像应用。激发波长:405 nm,561 nm,647 nm发射波段:425 -475 nm和663-738 nm;
图7:探针在斑马鱼中的成像应用,激发波长:405 nm, 561 nm,647 nm发射波段:425 -475 nm和663-738 nm;
图8:探针在裸鼠中的成像应用,激发波长:580 nm发射波段:660 nm。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 荧光探针的合成
(1)化合物1的合成
0℃下,将H2O:浓HCl=1:1.75(4 mL: 7 mL)倒入到100mL圆底反应瓶中,称取3-(二乙基氨基)苯酚(6.8 g,0.05 mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中,待溶解后,称取NaNO2(3.4 g,0.05mmol)溶解到10 mL H2O中,逐滴滴入到装有3-(二乙基氨基)苯酚的圆底烧瓶中,2小时加完,将棕色浆液反应体系保持在0-5℃的条件下,搅拌3.5 h,抽滤,并用4 mol/L的HCl水溶液洗涤,将产物干燥,用乙醇重结晶,得到棕黄色粉末,产率67%;
(2)化合物Nile-OH(化合物2)的合成
称取化合物1(230 mg,1 mmol)和1,7-二羟基萘(160 mg,1 mmol)溶于干燥的DMF溶液中,N2气保护下140℃回流反应4小时,旋干溶剂,用适量乙醚和甲醇洗涤产物,过柱纯化(二氯甲烷:甲醇:冰醋酸=50:1:5)后得到蓝色固体,即化合物2:Nile-OH,产率59%;
(3)探针NN的合成
称取Nile-OH(33.4 mg,0.1 mmol)溶于适量的干燥二氯甲烷溶液中,加入Et3N(15 μL,0.11 mmol),N2气保护下室温搅拌5分钟,然后加入(23.9 mg,0.12 mmol),继续室温反应,待反应完成后,旋干溶剂,用二氯甲烷过柱纯化产物,得到蓝紫色固体,产率35%;其1H NMR图谱如图1,高分辨质谱如图2。
实施例2 荧光探针对不同硫醇的响应
配制浓度为1 mM的本发明所述检测Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外荧光探针NN的乙腈(CH3CN)的测试母液溶液待用。由于S2-在水中解离后可以提供H2S来源,所以用Na2S作为H2S的的储备液。
测试液中,量取适量的本发明所述检测Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外荧光探针NN于4个5mL容量瓶中,并加适量CH3CN,使用磷酸缓冲(PBS,pH = 7.4)定容,其中3个分别加入适量Cys、GSH、H2S。使得测试液中,探针的浓度为10 μM,测试使用的Cys、GSH、H2S的浓度分别为600 μM、700 μM、50 μM其中含体积分数为30 %的CH3CN。进行吸收光谱测试,结果如图3所示。
实施例3 不同浓度的Cys、GSH、H2S对探针的滴定检测
配制浓度为1 mM的本发明所述检测Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外荧光探针NN的乙腈(CH3CN)的测试母液溶液待用。
配制探针终浓度为10 μM,含30 % CH3CN溶液的PBS溶液,分别与不同浓度的Cys(0-600 μM)、GSH(0-700 μM)、H2S(0-50 μM)充分作用,进行荧光检测Cys(λex = 510 nm、575nm,λem = 559 nm、655 nm,655 nm),GSH/H2S(λex = 575 nm,λem = 655 nm)。得各体系中荧光强度,建立荧光强度与硫醇浓度标准曲线。如图4所示,随着Cys浓度的增加,559 nm、655 nm处的荧光强度逐渐增加,当Cys浓度达到600 μM时,反应体系荧光强度达到饱和状态,当与GSH/H2S反应时,随着GSH/H2S浓度的逐渐增加,655 nm处的荧光强度逐渐增加,当GSH/H2S浓度分别达到600 μM/50 μM时,反应体系荧光强度达到饱和状态。
实施例4 荧光探针对不同离子的选择性
配制浓度为1 mM的本发明所述检测Cys和GSH/H2S的近红外荧光探针NN的乙腈(CH3CN)的测试母液溶液待用。配制浓度为100 mM的各种不同离子,氨基酸和活性氧/活性氮溶液作为备用。
在2 mL的Ep管里加入20μL探针母液、580 μL CH3CN和250当量的各离子溶液或氨基酸溶液,用磷酸缓冲液定容,摇匀后进行荧光检测(λex = 510 nm、575 nm,λem = 559 nm、655 nm,655 nm),建立荧光强度与各离子的柱状图(结果见图5),测试离子和氨基酸的浓度为2.5 mM,其中,(a)Cys浓度为(0-500 μM),激发波长为575 nm,发射波长为655 nm;(b)Cys浓度为(0-500 μM),激发波长为510 nm,发射波长为559 nm 和655 nm;(c)GSH浓度为(0-600 μM)激发波长为575 nm,发射波长为655 nm;(d)H2S浓度为(0-50 μM)激发波长为575nm,发射波长为655 nm。图中1-23号加入的离子分别是:乙酸铵,硫酸亚铁,磷酸铵,氯化钾,亚硝酸钠,溴化钠,氯化钙,氯化铜,氯化锌,硝酸钾,碘化钾,氯化镁,氰化钠,三氯化铝,氟化钠,氯化钡,过氧化氢,次氯酸钠,同型半胱胺酸,探针NN,半胱氨酸500μM,谷胱甘肽600μM,硫化氢50μM。测试溶液的荧光发射光谱,由图5可以发现,其他离子(或氨基酸)对探针NN的荧光几乎没有影响。
实施例5 荧光探针在细胞中的荧光成像
将适当密度的HeLa细胞接种到两个灭菌的35 mm成像培养皿中,在CO2培养箱(温度为37 ℃,5 % CO2)中培养,待细胞贴壁后,向培养皿中加入本发明所述检测生物硫醇的近红外荧光探针NN,使其终浓度均为10 μM。继续培养30分钟后,弃掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液冲洗细胞3次,进行成像实验,作为对照组。向另一培养皿中加入适量NEM溶液,终浓度为10μM,孵育15分钟后,加入本发明所述检测生物硫醇的近红外荧光探针NN,使其终浓度均为10 μM,继续孵育15分钟后,弃掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液冲洗细胞3次,进行成像实验,继续加入适量的Cys,终浓度为500μM,继续孵育15分钟后,进行成像实验。向另一培养皿中加入适量NEM溶液,终浓度为10μM,孵育15分钟后,加入本发明所述检测生物硫醇的近红外荧光探针NN,使其终浓度均为10 μM,继续孵育15分钟后,弃掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液冲洗细胞3次,进行成像实验,继续加入适量的GSH,终浓度为600μM,继续孵育15分钟后,进行成像实验。向另一培养皿中加入适量NEM溶液,终浓度为10μM,孵育15分钟后,加入本发明所述检测生物硫醇的近红外荧光探针NN,使其终浓度均为10 μM,继续孵育15分钟后,弃掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液冲洗细胞3次,进行成像实验,继续加入适量的H2S,终浓度为50μM,继续孵育15分钟后,进行成像实验。只加入探针时,细胞具有强的红色荧光和较弱的绿色荧光,当细胞中首先加入NEM,再加探针孵育后,可以观察到细胞中几乎没有红色和绿色荧光,再加入Cys之后,细胞中红色荧光和绿色荧光均有非常明显的增强,用NEM抑制后加探针,再加GSH/H2S,可以观察到明显的红色荧光信号。结果如图7所示,其中,a1)-a4)为HeLa与探针NN共同孵育15分钟的细胞的成像照片;b1)-b4)为HeLa细胞与NEM共同孵育15分钟后再与探针NN共同孵育10分钟后的成像照片;c1)-c4)为在b1)-b4)基础上再与Cys共同孵育15分钟后的细胞成像照片;d1)-d4)为在b1)-b4)基础上再与GSH共同孵育15分钟后的细胞成像照片;e1)-e4)为在b1)-b4)基础上再与H2S共同孵育15分钟后的细胞成像照片。激发波长:405 nm,561 nm,647 nm发射波段:425 - 475 nm和663-738 nm。
实施例6 荧光探针在斑马鱼中的成像应用
将脱卵3天的斑马鱼分为四组,分别放入35 mm培养皿中。其中一组加入10 μM本发明的探针NN,在28 ℃下培养30 min,PBS缓冲液冲洗3次,共聚焦显微镜下成像。第二组先加入10μM NEM,28 ℃下孵育15分钟后,加入10 μM本发明的探针NN,PBS缓冲液冲洗3次,共聚焦显微镜下成像,再在此基础上加入500μM Cys,在28 ℃下继续培养15分钟,PBS缓冲液冲洗,共聚焦显微镜下成像。第三组先加入10 μM NEM,28 ℃下孵育15分钟后,加入10 μM本发明的探针NN,PBS缓冲液冲洗3次,共聚焦显微镜下成像,再在此基础上加入600μM GSH,在28 ℃下继续培养15分钟,PBS缓冲液冲洗,共聚焦显微镜下成像。第四组先加入10 μM NEM,28 ℃下孵育15分钟后,加入10 μM本发明的探针NN,PBS缓冲液冲洗3次,共聚焦显微镜下成像,再在此基础上加入50μM H2S,在28 ℃下继续培养15分钟,PBS缓冲液冲洗,共聚焦显微镜下成像。结果如图7所示,其中,a1)-a3) 斑马鱼与探针NN共同孵育15分钟的细胞的成像照片;b1)-b3) 斑马鱼与NEM共同孵育15分钟后再与探针NN共同孵育10分钟后的斑马鱼成像照片; c1)-c3) 在b1)-b3)基础上再与Cys共同孵育15分钟后的斑马鱼成像照片;d1)-d3) 在b1)-b3)基础上再与GSH共同孵育15分钟后的斑马鱼成像照片;e1)-e3) 在b1)-b3)基础上再与H2S共同孵育15分钟后的斑马鱼成像照片。激发波长:405 nm,561 nm,647 nm发射波段:425 - 475 nm和663-738 nm。根据图7可知,第一组中只加入探针时,斑马鱼具有红色荧光和微弱的绿色荧光;第二组中先加入NEM之后,再加入探针NN,斑马鱼红色荧光和绿色荧光消失,在此基础上加入Cys之后,斑马鱼体内的红色荧光和绿色荧光均增强;第三组和第四组中先加入NEM之后,再加入探针NN,斑马鱼红色荧光和绿色荧光消失,在此基础上加入GSH/H2S之后,斑马鱼体内的红色荧光增强明显,绿色荧光并未有明显变化。
实施例7 荧光探针在裸鼠中的成像应用
将4周大小的裸鼠注射一定量麻醉剂后,在其腹腔注射1mM,50 μL本发明的探针NN,30分钟后,利用活体成像仪成像,注射位置显示有强荧光。取另一只裸鼠注射一定量麻醉剂后,在其腹腔注射1mM,50 μL NEM溶液,30分钟后,在原位置注射1mM,50 μL本发明的探针NN,30分钟之后利用活体成像仪成像,注射位置荧光区域明显变小,荧光强度也随之变弱,当在此基础上分别加入2mM的Cys、GSH、H2S后,均观察到荧光区域变大,荧光强度也随之变强。结果如图7所示,a1)-b1)为裸鼠与探针NN共同孵育30分钟的细胞的成像照片;a2)-b2)为裸鼠与NEM共同孵育20分钟后再与探针NN共同孵育20分钟后的斑马鱼成像照片;a3)-b3)为在a2)-b2)基础上再与Cys或GSH共同孵育20分钟后的裸鼠成像照片。激发波长:580 nm发射波长:660nm。
Claims (6)
1.一种区分Cys和GSH/ H2S的近红外发射荧光探针,其化学结构式如式(I)所示:
式(I)。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在0-5℃下,3-(二乙基氨基)苯酚与NaNO2在浓硫酸存在下反应,产物以4mol/L的HCl溶液洗涤,抽滤干燥后获得黄色粉末状化合物1:;
(2)N2气保护下,化合物1和1,7-二羟基萘在DMF中回流反应,反应结束后旋干溶液,得到粗产物,再用乙醚和甲醇冲洗粗产物,提纯得化合物2:;
(3)4-氯-7-硝基苯并[c][1,2,5]恶二唑加入化合物2和三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液,在N2气保护下室温反应,反应结束后旋干溶液并提纯得到探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,提纯步骤为粗产物以体积比为50:1:5的二氯甲烷:甲醇:冰醋酸为淋洗液过硅胶柱。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,提纯步骤为粗产物以二氯甲烷为淋洗液过硅胶柱。
5. 一种如权利要求1所述的荧光探针在制备检测溶液、细胞或生物体中Cys和GSH/ H2S试剂中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述生物体包括斑马鱼和裸鼠。
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