CN110054875B - 一种用于3d打印的聚乳酸组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于3d打印的聚乳酸组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物及其制备方法,涉及3D打印材料技术领域,按重量份数计,本发明的聚乳酸组合物包括如下组分:PLA 40‑50份、亲水性材料40‑50份、聚氨酯材料5‑10份、纳米级活性炭5‑10份;所述聚氨酯材料是由双羟基封端的PLA、双羟基封端的亲水性材料和氰酸酯类化合物聚合而成,或者是由双羟基封端的PLA和双异氰酸酯基封端的亲水性材料聚合而成。本发明的聚乳酸组合物的原料按比例混合后,经造粒,即得3D打印材料产品。本发明制得的3D打印材料不仅实现了能够使用水性染料进行喷涂染色的全彩色打印,而且其具有高的机械强度,打印过程中不会产生刺鼻性气味。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,PLA 3D打印耗材已经成为最广泛使用的耗材之一,其成型效果好、打印无气味、制件强度高等特点使其为众多从业者喜好。另一方面,PLA与其它FDM打印耗材一样,目前只能进行单色打印,打印效果单调;同时由于PLA是疏水性材料,一般情况下无法对其使用水性染料进行喷染着色。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种稳定性好、使用性能好、易于使用水性染料进行喷染着色的PLA 3D打印耗材。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其包括如下组分:PLA 40-50份、亲水性材料40-50份、聚氨酯材料5-10份、纳米级活性炭5-10份;
所述聚氨酯材料是由双羟基封端的PLA、双羟基封端的亲水性材料和氰酸酯类化合物聚合而成,或者是由双羟基封端的PLA和双异氰酸酯基封端的亲水性材料聚合而成。
进一步地,所述的亲水性材料为PCL、PEG、PVA、POE中的任一种或多种。
所述双异氰酸酯基封端的亲水性材料是由非双异氰酸酯基封端的亲水性材料与氰酸酯类化合物反应制得。
所述双羟基封端的亲水性材料是由非双羟基封端的亲水性材料与脂肪族类饱和醇反应制得。
所述脂肪族类饱和醇为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇中的任一种或多种。
所述双羟基封端的PLA是由PLA与脂肪族类饱和醇进行酯交换反应制得。
所述氰酸酯类化合物为HDI、TDI、MDI、HMDI、TMDI中的任一种或多种。
所述聚氨酯材料的聚合反应中,反应温度为65-110℃,反应时间为40-72h。
本发明还提供一种所述聚乳酸组合物的制备方法:按所述重量份数取PLA、亲水性材料、聚氨酯材料和纳米级活性炭四种原料,经混合、造粒,即得产品。
本发明制得的聚乳酸组合物产品可作为3D打印材料应用。
有益效果:
本发明的聚乳酸组合物作为一种PLA基3D打印材料,不仅实现了能够使用水性染料进行喷涂染色的全彩色打印,而且其具有高的机械强度,打印过程中不会产生刺鼻性气味。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域所属技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 45份、PCL 45份、聚氨酯材料5份、纳米级活性炭5份。
所述聚乳酸组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、双羟基封端的PCL的制备
称取25g PCL于500mL两口烧瓶中,加入250mL的三氯甲烷,加热至75℃,搅拌至充分溶解,加入5倍摩尔数的1,4-丁二醇(或者乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇等酯交换试剂)和2wt%的对甲苯磺酸(也可采用月桂酸、棕榈酸等饱和性脂肪酸作为催化剂)的混合溶液,进行酯交换反应,反应8-28小时;待反应结束后,自然冷却至常温,然后把溶液倒入预先装有1L去离子水的分液漏斗中,减压过滤得到透明液体,再通过旋转蒸馏和减压沉淀,最后获得PCL-diol单体,转化率为80%。
(2)、双羟基封端的PLA的制备
称取25g PLA于500mL两口烧瓶中,加入250mL的三氯甲烷,加热至120℃搅拌至充分溶解,加入5倍摩尔数的1,4-丁二醇(或者乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇等酯交换试剂)和2wt%的对甲苯磺酸(也可采用月桂酸、棕榈酸等饱和性脂肪酸作为催化剂)的混合溶液进行酯交换反应,反应8-28小时;待反应结束后,自然冷却至常温,然后把溶液倒入预先装有1L去离子水的分液漏斗中,减压过滤得到透明液体,再通过旋转蒸馏和减压沉淀,最后获得PLA-diol单体,转化率82%。
(3)、聚氨酯材料的制备(本实施例即PCL-PLA中间体材料的制备)
称取0.001mol PCL-diol单体和0.001mol PLA-diol单体于四口烧瓶中,加入20mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷溶解,在90℃共沸蒸馏除水,得无水溶液,加入适量的辛酸亚锡作为催化剂,搅拌充分后,升温至75℃,反应48h后,冷却至室温,然后用针管将连接剂HDI逐滴注入四口烧瓶中进行反应,HDI添加量为0.7ml;将反应后的溶液缓慢加入其8倍体积的乙醚溶液中沉淀,减压抽滤收集沉淀物,在40℃真空干燥至恒重,再将其溶解于10mL氯仿,减压过滤,将过滤得到的溶液在8倍体积的甲醇/乙醚(v/v=1/9)混合溶液中沉淀,收集沉淀物,即获得PCL-PLA中间体材料,转化率为88%。
本实施例制备PCL-PLA中间体材料(即PLA-ran-PCL)的反应式如下:
(4)、原料混合、造粒
按重量份,取45份PLA、45份PCL颗粒、5份PCL-PLA中间体材料和5份纳米级活性炭,在混合机中混合,然后进入双螺杆挤出机,挤出造粒,得到产品。
实施例2
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 50份、PEG颗粒45份、聚氨酯材料8份、纳米级活性炭5份。
所述聚乳酸组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、双羟基封端的PLA的制备
称取25g PLA于500mL两口烧瓶中,加入250mL的三氯甲烷,加热至75℃搅拌至充分溶解,加入5倍摩尔数的乙二醇(酯交换试剂)和2wt%的对甲苯磺酸(催化剂)的混合溶液进行酯交换反应,反应8-28小时;待反应结束后,自然冷却至常温,然后把溶液倒入预先装有1L去离子水的分液漏斗中,减压过滤得到透明液体,再通过旋转蒸馏和减压沉淀,最后获得PLA-diol单体,转化率82%。
(2)、聚氨酯材料的制备(本实施例即PEG-PLA中间体材料的制备)
称取0.001mol PLA-diol单体和0.001mol PEG于四口烧瓶中,加入20mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷溶解,在90℃共沸蒸馏除水,得无水溶液,加入适量的辛酸亚锡作为催化剂,搅拌充分后,升温至110℃,反应40h后,冷却至室温,然后用针管将HDI逐滴注入四口烧瓶中进行反应,HDI添加量为0.7ml;将反应后的溶液缓慢加入其8倍体积的乙醚溶液中沉淀,减压抽滤收集沉淀物,在40oC真空干燥至恒重,再将其溶解于10mL氯仿,减压过滤,在8倍体积的甲醇/乙醚(v/v=1/9)混合溶液中沉淀,收集沉淀物,获得PEG-PLA中间体材料,转化率为90%。
本实施例制备PEG-PLA中间体材料(即PLA-ran-PEG)的反应式如下:
(3)、原料混合、造粒
按重量份,将50份PLA、45份PEG颗粒、8份PEG-PLA中间体材料和5份纳米级活性炭在混合机中混合,然后进入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,得到产品。
实施例3
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 40份、POE 40份、聚氨酯材料10份、纳米级活性炭10份。
本实施例聚乳酸组合物的制备方法同实施例2,区别在于,本实施例亲水性材料采用POE,步骤(2)中聚氨酯材料的制备即为POE-PLA中间体材料的制备,POE-PLA中间体材料的制备中连接剂采用HMDI。
本实施例中制备POE-PLA中间体材料(即PLA-ran-POE)的反应式如下:
实施例4
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 45份、PVA 45份、聚氨酯材料5份、纳米级活性炭5份。
本实施例聚乳酸组合物的制备方法中,亲水性材料采用PVA,其它同实施例1。
本实施例中,制备聚氨酯材料(即PVA-PLA中间体材料、PLA-ran-PVA)的反应式如下:
实施例5
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 45份、PEG颗粒50份、聚氨酯材料5份、纳米级活性炭8份。
所述聚乳酸组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、双羟基封端的PLA的制备
称取25g PLA于500mL两口烧瓶中,加入250mL的三氯甲烷,加热至75℃搅拌至充分溶解,加入5倍摩尔数的1,4-丁二醇(酯交换试剂)和2wt%的对甲苯磺酸(催化剂)的混合溶液进行酯交换反应,反应8-28小时;待反应结束后,自然冷却至常温,然后把溶液倒入预先装有1L去离子水的分液漏斗中,减压过滤得到透明液体,再通过旋转蒸馏和减压沉淀,最后获得PLA-diol单体,转化率82%。
(2)、双异氰酸酯基封端的PEG(即PEG-diisocyanate)的制备
制备PEG-diisocyanate分为两个步骤。第一步,取四口烧瓶装上磁力搅拌子,除主口其他三个口均装上带阀门的抽气接头,置于烘箱100℃,0.5h,然后取出来,烧瓶主口套上橡皮塞,迅速移至双排管接口,三次排气,三次通N2,在N2保护下加入0.002mol 1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI);第二步,取过量的PEG和适量的辛酸亚锡于100mL两口烧瓶中,用10mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷溶解,在90℃共沸蒸馏除水,待除水完毕后,接上减压蒸馏装置,把剩余的溶剂除掉得无水液体,取0.001mmol PEG量于5mL注射器中,插入上述N2保护的四口烧瓶中,在30℃下缓慢滴入,直至反应结束,等待下一步反应。
(3)、PLA-alt-PEG交替嵌段聚氨酯的合成
称取0.001mol PLA-diol于两口烧瓶中,加入15mL无水1,2-二氯乙烷溶解,在90℃共沸蒸馏除水,得无水PLA-diol溶液移至注射器中,缓慢加入到已经封端的PEG-diisocyanate,搅拌充分后,升温至65℃,反应72h后,冷却至室温,将溶液缓慢加入其8倍体积的乙醚溶液中沉淀,减压抽滤收集沉淀物,在40℃真空干燥至恒重,再将其溶解于10mL氯仿,减压过滤,在8倍体积的甲醇/乙醚(v/v=1/9)混合溶液中沉淀,收集沉淀物,在40℃真空干燥至恒重,产率约80%。
本实施例中PLA-alt-PEG交替嵌段聚氨酯的合成反应式如下:
(4)、原料混合、造粒
按重量份,将45份PLA、50份PEG颗粒、5份PLA-alt-PEG交替嵌段聚氨酯和8份纳米级活性炭在混合机中混合,然后进入双螺杆挤出机,挤出造粒,得到产品。
实施例6
一种用于3D打印的聚乳酸组合物,按重量份数计,其组成为:PLA 45份、PCL颗粒45份、PLA-alt-PCL交替嵌段聚氨酯5份、纳米级活性炭8份。
本实施例聚乳酸组合物的制备方法同实施例5,区别在于,本实施例中亲水性材料采用的是PCL,步骤(2)中,双异氰酸酯基封端的PCL(即PCL-diisocyanate)的制备中采用的连接剂是HMDI(即4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)。
本实施例中,PLA-alt-PCL交替嵌段聚氨酯的合成反应式如下:
对本发明实施例1~5制备的聚氨酯材料的力学性能和亲水性能进行测试,结果如下:
表1本发明实施例1~5制备的聚氨酯材料的力学性能
材料 | 拉伸强度(MPa) | 弹性模量(MPa) | 断裂伸长率(%) | |
对比例 | 纯PLA | 9.9 | 518.1 | 12.2 |
实施例1 | PLA-ran-PCL | 18.9 | 35.7 | 893.6 |
实施例2 | PLA-ran-PEG | 25.2 | 24.2 | 1269.9 |
实施例3 | PLA-ran-POE | 19.9 | 17.9 | 1566.9 |
实施例4 | PLA-ran-PVA | 40.5 | 82.3 | 366.7 |
实施例5 | PLA-alt-PEG | 8.4 | 76.2 | 1275.5 |
从表1可以看出:本发明实施例1~4制备的无规嵌段聚氨酯材料的拉伸强度均明显高于纯PLA,说明实施例1~4制备的无规嵌段聚氨酯材料的韧性比纯PLA有显著的提高,材料韧性的提高,有助于3D打印成型后模型扩大应用范围。实施例5制备的PLA-alt-PEG交替嵌段聚氨酯材料的拉伸强度稍低于纯PLA。
表2本发明实施例1~5制备的聚氨酯材料的亲水性能
材料的亲疏水性是影响其生物性能的一个很重要的因素,我们利用去离子水和二碘甲烷两种液体,通过悬滴法对本发明实施例1~5制备的聚氨酯材料的液体接触角,表面自由能等进行了测量。测量结果如上表2所示。
从表2中可以看出,实施例1~5制备的聚氨酯材料比纯PLA材料有更低的水接触角,也就是说,有更好的亲水性。实施例5制备的交替嵌段聚氨酯材料比实施例1~3制备的无规嵌段聚氨酯材料有更低的水接触角,即有更好的亲水性。这主要是由于交替材料表面有规律的网格结构让其表面更加粗糙。这样,当液滴滴在材料表面时将接触到更多的材料表面积,使得材料的水接触角更小。实施例4制备的无规嵌段聚氨酯材料PLA-ran-PVA比实施例5制备的交替嵌段聚氨酯材料PLA-alt-PEG有更低的水接触角,即有更好的亲水性。
本发明各实施例最终制备的聚乳酸组合物作为3D打印材料,在实际应用过程中,使用喷涂方式对打印模型进行水颜料染色,具有以下特点:
1.水颜料容易附着在打印模型上;
2.颜料在模型上的着色力强,不易脱落;
3.颜料喷涂在打印模型上,能够保留较好的色值和颜色鲜艳度;
4.颜料附着在打印模型上后,不会对打印产生其它附加的影响。
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