CN110051812A - 一种扶正祛邪中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种扶正祛邪中药及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110051812A
CN110051812A CN201910280755.4A CN201910280755A CN110051812A CN 110051812 A CN110051812 A CN 110051812A CN 201910280755 A CN201910280755 A CN 201910280755A CN 110051812 A CN110051812 A CN 110051812A
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China
Prior art keywords
radix
alcohol
chinese medicine
pathogenic factors
eliminate pathogenic
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CN201910280755.4A
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Inventor
宋安华
加秀凤
李皎洁
何俊锋
肖毓光
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Wuhan Hongshan Yiyuan Tang Chinese Medicine Clinic Co Ltd
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Wuhan Hongshan Yiyuan Tang Chinese Medicine Clinic Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910280755.4A priority Critical patent/CN110051812A/zh
Publication of CN110051812A publication Critical patent/CN110051812A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种扶正祛邪中药,它由党参、黄芪、白术等四十八味中药材制成。本发明以扶正祛邪为宗,扶正则阴精足、阳气和,阴阳交蒸,元阳如露而生,邪去而正安。组方分为补血益精,益气温阳,行气活血,软坚散结,安神定志五个部分。针对正气不足,气滞血淤体质人群和各种肿瘤包括恶性肿瘤术后体质调理,减少复发率,对各种妇科良性瘤治疗效果明显。

Description

一种扶正祛邪中药及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,涉及中药,尤其是一种扶正祛邪中药,本发明还涉及该中药的制备方法。
背景技术
由于生活工作压力大,饮食不规律,睡眠不足,环境恶化等影响,很容易导致人体正气不足,抵抗力下降,发展成正虚邪实的亚健康体质,重者导致了各种肿瘤高发。
西医对肿瘤的治疗,也是以手术及放化疗为最常见的解决方法,会损伤人的正气,手术中的损伤会引起不同程度的气滞血瘀,导致“正虚邪实”体质,使各种肿瘤的复发率增高,形成恶性循环。当前中医养生保健畅行,人们在这方面是积极的,但也易盲从,如果在扶正与祛邪的选择上掌握不好,容易犯“虚虚实实”之戒,使正气虚者更虚,邪气重者更重,导致疾病缠绵难愈。
现有的扶正祛邪中药存在以下缺点,1)扶正力量不足,补养方向单一。常通过单独补气血、补肾强精等,会出现越补越堵,越补肿瘤越大等加重病情的情况。2)祛邪消瘤类方剂偏于霸道,易伤正气,体现在越治疗身体越虚弱的状况。3)扶正与祛邪并存方剂偏少,疗效不理想。4)制备工艺落后,由于不了解中药的效应物质基础,因此现有的扶正祛邪中药大多仍沿用几千年的传统工艺,导致疗效无法得到保障,而且副作用大,服用剂量高,患者依从性很差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种扶正祛邪、针对妇科常见多发病的中药,该中药“扶正不留邪”、“祛邪不伤正”,针对现有技术扶正力量不足、祛邪消瘤力量过猛等不足进行弥补和改进,可使肿瘤术后及放化疗后的患者生存质量低,复发率高等情况得到有效改善,同时还能治疗子宫肌瘤、乳腺增生、更年期综合征等妇科病。
本发明提供的中药由以下重量份数的原料制成:
优选地,所述扶正祛邪中药由以下重量份数的原料制成:
本发明的立法宗旨运用中医理论中扶正祛邪法。扶正祛邪法是根据疾病过程中邪正力量消长变化状况,促使疾病向痊愈方向转化而确定的治疗原则。扶正与祛邪虽然是治疗疾病的两种不同法则,但是二者之间是相辅相成、辩证统一的。扶正是为了祛邪,“正足邪自祛”;祛邪是为了扶正,“邪去正自安”,所以,在运用过程中,只有把扶正与祛邪有机结合,才能相得益彰。
临床运用时,要以整体观念为指导思想,全面分析正邪力量的对比情况,根据正邪矛盾斗争所占的地位,分清主次,决定扶正或祛邪以及扶正与祛邪的先后,从而准确灵活地运用这一法则,做到“扶正不留邪”,“祛邪不伤正”,才能收到预期的治疗效果。
本发明方中,以龟鹿二胶血肉有情之品,峻补精血阴阳。合大剂量鸡血藤、制首乌、地黄、百合、麦冬、当归、北沙参、玄参等滋阴养血,加强补精养血之功。虽大剂滋补阴液,辅以肉桂而能阴中求阳,而阳不刚燥。党参、黄芪、白术、炮姜、茯苓、麦芽、甘草、饴糖补脾胃、建中气,使气血生化有源。加入枳壳、桔梗、木香、川芎、香附、砂仁、厚朴、柴胡、赤芍、麻黄、白芍等少量使用,行气活血,药取轻灵,运转肝、肺、脾、肾气机,引导输布,使以上补益之品补而不腻。麻黄、肉桂、白芥子配合鹿角霜仿阳和汤之义,治疗各种阴疽肿块,冀日出而冰销。加入牛膝、橘核、海藻、路路通、三棱、莪术、白茅根、白芥子、牡蛎、土鳖虫等化痰消坚、散结消肿。合欢皮、酸枣仁、远志、紫石英、生麦芽、香附等解郁、安神定志。
综观本方,以扶正祛邪为宗,扶正则阴精足、阳气和,阴阳交蒸,元阳如露而生,邪去而正安。组方分为补血益精,益气温阳,行气活血,软坚散结,安神定志五个部分,各部分互相协调配合,针对正气不足,气滞血淤体质人群和各种肿瘤(包括恶性肿瘤)术后的体质调理,可减少复发率,促进肿瘤消退,对各种妇科良性瘤也有明显治疗效果。
本发明的功能主治有以下几方面:1)缓解疲劳,用于正气不足,气滞血淤体质人群。2)各种肿瘤(包括恶性肿瘤)术后体质调理,减少肿瘤复发率。3)对各种妇科良性瘤治疗。4)早衰及更年期由于精气神不足引起的各种不适。
本发明进一步提供该中药的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入黄酒浸泡1-3小时,然后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将白术、制首乌、当归、川芎、牛膝、地黄、玄参、路路通、莪术、白茅根、麻黄、北沙参、虎杖十三味药材用40-70%乙醇回流提取1-3次,将提取液浓缩成稠膏;
3)党参、黄芪、茯苓、麦芽、赤芍、白芍、甘草、桔梗、酸枣仁、鸡血藤、麦冬、橘核、海藻、肉桂、砂仁、土鳖虫、牡蛎、鹿角霜十八味药材用水煎煮提取1-3次,提取液浓缩成稠膏;
4)枳壳、合欢皮、远志、香附、百合、三棱、白芥子、炮姜、木香、荆芥、厚朴、柴胡、紫石英、侧柏叶十四味药材先用70-90%乙醇渗漏提取8-15小时,渗漏液备用,药渣再加水煎煮提取1-3次,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2后再加入乙醇至含醇量为40-70%,搅拌后静置10-20小时醇沉,将醇沉后的上清液与乙醇渗漏液合并浓缩成稠膏;
5)将步骤2)、3)、4)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,继续浓缩至相对密度约1.35-1.40。
优选地,步骤2)中所述的乙醇浓度为60%。
优选地,步骤4)中所述渗漏提取的乙醇浓度为85%。
优选地,步骤4)中所述醇沉的含醇量为50%。
步骤4)浓缩后得到的稠膏可以直接服用,也可以向稠膏中加入药剂学中常用的辅料制成其它适合临床使用的剂型,例如片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂等。
本发明中所涉及到的乙醇浓度均为重量浓度,如60%乙醇指的是每100g乙醇水溶液中含有乙醇60g。
本发明中所涉及到的相对密度均为相对于水的密度。
目前,绝大多数扶正祛邪中药采用的都是传统膏丹丸散等剂型,药材经简单粗暴的直接粉碎或煎煮熬制后入药,前者导致中药杂质多,服用剂量大,重金属等有毒物质含量高,副作用大,后者缺乏对中药扶正祛邪效应物质的理论研究,没有以活性成分的种类及其性质为基础,导致提取的杂质多、活性成分损耗大,从而使中药疗效得不到保障。
而本发明在对48味中药材扶正祛邪效应物质研究的基础上,针对不同药材的活性成分和杂质的种类及性质(溶解性、极性、稳定性等),采用了完全不同于现有中药的分步提取法,即,对白术等十三味药材采用乙醇回流提取,对党参等十八味药材采用水煎煮提取,对枳壳等十四味药材先用高浓度的乙醇渗漏提取,然后再将药材水提醇沉。
其中,由于乙醇和水的溶解性和极性不同,所提取的中药化学成分种类有很大差异,水提取物中蛋白、多糖、皂苷、鞣质、氨基酸、无机盐等成分的含量高,而乙醇提取物中黄酮、蒽醌、萜类、生物碱等成分的含量更高,多糖、蛋白等成分的含量相对较低。
其中,乙醇极性小于水且乙醇浓度越高极性越小,根据相似相溶原理,高浓度乙醇所提取的化学成分主要为极性很小的亲脂性成分,由于枳壳等十四味药材中含有大量的易挥发、低极性或非极性成分,且有可能是扶正祛邪的活性成分,因此我们首先对这部分药材采用高浓度乙醇渗漏提取,渗漏提取是一种冷提取方式,与煎煮、回流等热提取方式相比,可减少挥发性、热敏性成分的损失。
其中,醇沉的目的主要是为了除去中药提取物中的果胶、淀粉、蛋白、多糖、鞣质等难溶于乙醇的物质,从而通过减少提取物的总量来降低服药剂量,提高用药依从性。另外,醇沉还可以除去部分有害物质,从而降低中药副作用和提高安全性。醇沉是中药提取精制中的一种常用方法,但该方法的采用必须以中药活性成分和杂质的种类为基础,否则将会导致大量活性成分损失而降低疗效。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明以中医理论为基础,以整体观念为指导思想,通过辨证论治,科学组方,将补血益精,益气温阳,行气活血,软坚散结,安神定志相结合,实现了扶正与祛邪的平衡,达到了扶正不留邪,祛邪不伤正的效果,从而更利于疾病的治疗和患者的康复。可用于改善恶性肿瘤患者的生存质量,防止复发以及子宫肌瘤、乳腺增生、更年期综合征等妇科常见疾病的治疗。
2)本发明提供的中药活性成分含量高,杂质少,具有疗效确切,副作用少,服用剂量小,依从性高等优点。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细地说明。
实施例1
处方:
制法:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入300g黄酒浸泡2小时,取出后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将白术、制首乌、当归、川芎、牛膝、地黄、玄参、路路通、莪术、白茅根、麻黄、北沙参、虎杖十三味药材用60%乙醇回流提取2次,每次的乙醇用量为药材重量的8倍,每次回流提取的时间是1.5小时,提取结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
3)将党参、黄芪、茯苓、麦芽、赤芍、白芍、甘草、桔梗、酸枣仁、鸡血藤、麦冬、橘核、海藻、肉桂、砂仁、土鳖虫、牡蛎、鹿角霜十八味药材用水煎煮提取2次,每次提取的加水量为药材重量的15倍,每次煎煮的时间为2小时,煎煮结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
4)将枳壳、合欢皮、远志、香附、百合、三棱、白芥子、炮姜、木香、荆芥、厚朴、柴胡、紫石英、侧柏叶十四味药材先用85%乙醇渗漏提取12小时,渗漏液备用,药渣再加水煎煮提取2次,每次1小时,每次加水量为药材重量的10倍,将煎煮液合并浓缩至相对密度为1.15后再加入乙醇至含醇量为50%,搅拌后静置12小时醇沉,将醇沉后的上清液与乙醇渗漏液合并浓缩成稠膏;
5)将步骤2)、3)、4)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,浓缩至相对密度为1.40。
共制得膏药516g,提取出膏率为(516g-230g)/(1439g-230g)×100%=23.6%,味苦、微甜。该实施例与实施例2和3相比,在保障了疗效的前提下,提取出膏率相对较低,说明活性成分含量更高,杂质含量更少,用药依从性更好。
实施例2
处方:
制法:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入500g黄酒浸泡1小时,取出后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将白术、制首乌、当归、川芎、牛膝、地黄、玄参、路路通、莪术、白茅根、麻黄、北沙参、虎杖十三味药材用50%乙醇回流提取3次,每次的乙醇用量为药材重量的6倍,每次回流提取的时间是1小时,每次提取结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
3)将党参、黄芪、茯苓、麦芽、赤芍、白芍、甘草、桔梗、酸枣仁、鸡血藤、麦冬、橘核、海藻、肉桂、砂仁、土鳖虫、牡蛎、鹿角霜十八味药材用水煎煮提取2次,每次提取的加水量为药材重量的12倍,每次煎煮的时间为3小时,煎煮结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
4)将枳壳、合欢皮、远志、香附、百合、三棱、白芥子、炮姜、木香、荆芥、厚朴、柴胡、紫石英、侧柏叶十四味药材先用70%乙醇渗漏提取8小时,渗漏液备用,药渣再加水煎煮提取1次,时间为3小时,加水量为药材重量的15倍,将煎煮液合并浓缩至相对密度为1.12后再加入乙醇至含醇量为70%,搅拌后静置18小时醇沉,将醇沉后的上清液与乙醇渗漏液合并浓缩成稠膏;
5)将步骤2)、3)、4)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,浓缩至相对密度为1.40。
共制得膏药485g,提取出膏率为(485g-130g)/(1408g-130g)×100%=27.8%,味苦、微甜。
实施例3
处方:
制法:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入150g黄酒浸泡1小时,取出后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将白术、制首乌、当归、川芎、牛膝、地黄、玄参、路路通、莪术、白茅根、麻黄、北沙参、虎杖十三味药材用70%乙醇回流提取1次,乙醇用量为药材重量的15倍,回流提取的时间是3小时,提取结束后过滤,将提取液浓缩成稠膏;
3)将党参、黄芪、茯苓、麦芽、赤芍、白芍、甘草、桔梗、酸枣仁、鸡血藤、麦冬、橘核、海藻、肉桂、砂仁、土鳖虫、牡蛎、鹿角霜十八味药材用水煎煮提取3次,每次提取的加水量为药材重量的8倍,每次煎煮的时间为1小时,煎煮结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
4)将枳壳、合欢皮、远志、香附、百合、三棱、白芥子、炮姜、木香、荆芥、厚朴、柴胡、紫石英、侧柏叶十四味药材先用90%乙醇渗漏提取15小时,渗漏液备用,药渣再加水煎煮提取3次,每次煎煮时间为1小时,加水量为药材重量的9倍,将煎煮液合并浓缩至相对密度为1.2后再加入乙醇至含醇量为40%,搅拌后静置10小时醇沉,将醇沉后的上清液与乙醇渗漏液合并浓缩成稠膏;
5)将步骤2)、3)、4)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,浓缩至相对密度为1.40。
共制得膏药696g,提取出膏率为(696g-330g)/(1592g-330g)×100%=29%,味苦、微甜。
实施例4
处方:与实施例1相同。
制法:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入300g黄酒浸泡2小时,取出后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将除饴糖以外的其它45味药材一起加水煎煮提取2次,每次2小时,每次提取的加水量为药材重量的12倍,煎煮结束后过滤,将提取液合并浓缩成稠膏;
3)将步骤2)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,浓缩至相对密度为1.40。
共制得膏药681g,提取出膏率为(681g-230g)/(1439g-230g)×100%=37.3%。该实施例由于未采用分布提取,导致提取的杂质较多,出膏率明显高于实施例1-3。
临床数据总结
一.纳入人群
共调查在武汉市洪山区一元堂中医门诊部有限公司就诊的患者260例,全部为女性患者,年龄在26-65岁之间,其中虚劳患者60例、肿瘤手术或化疗患者43例、子宫肌瘤(癥瘕)患者36例、乳腺增生(乳癖)患者56例、更年期综合征(绝经前后诸证)患者33例、长期失眠患者32例。
二.疾病诊断标准:
1.虚劳:具有气、血、阴、阳虚损表现其中一项或多项。
1)气虚损者主要表现为面色萎黄、神疲体倦、懒言声低、自汗、脉细;
2)血虚损者主要表现为面色不华、唇甲淡白、头晕眼花、脉细;
3)阴虚损者主要表现为口干舌燥、五心烦热、盗汗、舌红苔少、脉细数;
4)阳虚损者主要表现为面色苍白、形寒肢冷、舌质淡胖有齿印、脉沉细。
2.子宫肌瘤(癥瘕):
1)借助超声、刮宫、宫腔镜、腹腔镜、磁共振等仪器检查确诊。
2)并发症状:临床上可出现月经过多或过少、疼痛、闭经、血崩、漏下不止、带下增多、堕胎、小产、不孕等。
3)如发展缓慢,按之柔软活动者,多属善证,预后较好;如癥瘕伴疼痛有长期出血,或五色带下,且有臭气,患者形体消瘦,面色灰黯者,多为恶证,预后不良。
3.乳腺增生(乳癖):
1)多见于青中年妇女,常伴有月经失调、流产史。
2)同时或相继在两侧乳房内发生大小不一的肿块,其形态不规则,或圆或扁,质韧,分散于整个乳房,或局限在乳房的一处。肿块与周围组织分界不清,与皮肤和陶肌筋膜无粘连,推之移动,腋下淋巴结不肿大。
3)常感乳房胀痛,在月经前3-4天更甚,经后痛减或消失。有时乳头溢出黄绿色、棕色或血性液体。
4)本病病程较长,常达数年,肿块的生长和发展多为间歇性,常在经前加剧,也可出现一段较长时间的缓解。
5)辅助检查:B型超声波可显示乳腺增生部位不均匀的回声区,以及无回声的囊肿。X线造影示各级乳管失去正常树枝样结构,管网大小不均、紊乱和异位,大乳管有囊状扩张,但无充盈缺损。乳头溢液者取分泌物作涂片检查,可帮助排除癌变的可能。对疑为癌变的肿块应取活体组织做病理切片检查。
4.更年期综合征:
1)发病时间:妇女在绝经前后出现,与绝经相关。
2)症状:眩晕耳鸣、烘热汗出;失眠;心悸、烦躁、易怒、情志不宁;面目或下肢浮肿;纳呆、便溏、月经紊乱。可只具有一项症状或多项同时表现。
三.给药方案
所有患者随机分为两组,第一组给予实施例1膏剂口服,第二组给予实施例4膏剂口服,具体分组情况见表1。患者每日早、晚各服药一次,取稠膏直接吞服或用开水冲泡后服用。每次的服药剂量折算成生药材为85g,30天为一个疗程。
表1疾病分组与给药
实施例1 实施例4
虚劳 43 17
肿瘤手术或化疗 29 14
子宫肌瘤 21 15
乳腺增生 37 19
更年期综合征 23 10
失眠 16 16
四.疗效评价标准
1.虚劳:临床症状全部改善为有效;症状部分改善为显效;症状都无改善为无效。
2.肿瘤手术或化疗:肿瘤术后患者体质明显改善、食欲增加、精神饱满,三年内未复发为有效;肿瘤术后患者体质有所改善,一年内未复发为显效;患者体质未见改善,半年内复发为无效。
3.子宫肌瘤:仪器检查肌瘤明显减小或消失,并发症状全部消退为有效;肌瘤减小,并发症状缓解为显效;肌瘤未见减小,症状未见缓解为无效。
4.乳腺增生:2)、3)、5)项均改善为有效;2)、3)、5)其中一或二项改善为显效;2)、3)、5)项均无改善为无效。
5.更年期综合征:症状全部改善为有效;症状部分改善为显效;症状均无改善为无效。
6.失眠:睡眠转为正常为有效;失眠有所好转,入睡时间缩短为显效;未见好转为无效。
五.试验结果
1)虚劳:服用实施例1药物的患者有效15例、显效20例、无效8例,总有效率81.4%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效5例、显效6例、无效6例,总有效率64.7%。
2)肿瘤手术或化疗:服用实施例1药物的患者有效7例、显效15例、无效7例,总有效率75.9%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效3例、显效5例、无效6例,总有效率57.1%。
3)子宫肌瘤:服用实施例1药物的患者有效6例、显效13例、无效2例,总有效率90.5%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效3例、显效9例、无效3例,总有效率80%。
4)乳腺增生:服用实施例1药物的患者有效11例、显效22例、无效4例,总有效率89.2%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效7例、显效7例、无效5例,总有效率73.7%。
5)更年期综合征:服用实施例1药物的患者有效7例、显效11例、无效5例,总有效率78.3%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效3例、显效4例、无效3例,总有效率70%。
6)失眠:服用实施例1药物的患者有效6例、显效6例、无效4例,总有效率75%;服用实施例4药物的患者有效4例、显效7例、无效5例,总有效率68.7%。
安全性:用药期间,实施例1组全部患者均未见严重不良反应,实施例4组有4名患者发生轻微腹泻和腹痛,但不影响治疗。

Claims (6)

1.一种扶正祛邪中药,其特征在于由以下重量份数的原料制成:
2.如权利要求1所述的扶正祛邪中药,其特征在于由以下重量份数的原料制成:
3.一种制备权利要求1或2所述扶正祛邪中药的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将龟甲胶和鹿角胶一起粉碎成粗粉并加入黄酒浸泡1-3小时,然后放入蒸锅中蒸至烊化成胶液;
2)将白术、制首乌、当归、川芎、牛膝、地黄、玄参、路路通、莪术、白茅根、麻黄、北沙参、虎杖十三味药材用40-70%乙醇回流提取1-3次,将提取液浓缩成稠膏;
3)党参、黄芪、茯苓、麦芽、赤芍、白芍、甘草、桔梗、酸枣仁、鸡血藤、麦冬、橘核、海藻、肉桂、砂仁、土鳖虫、牡蛎、鹿角霜十八味药材用水煎煮提取1-3次,提取液浓缩成稠膏;
4)枳壳、合欢皮、远志、香附、百合、三棱、白芥子、炮姜、木香、荆芥、厚朴、柴胡、紫石英、侧柏叶十四味药材先用70-90%乙醇渗漏提取8-15小时,渗漏液备用,药渣再加水煎煮提取1-3次,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2后再加入乙醇至含醇量为40-70%,搅拌后静置10-20小时醇沉,将醇沉后的上清液与乙醇渗漏液合并浓缩成稠膏;
5)将步骤2)、3)、4)的稠膏与步骤1)的胶液混合,加入饴糖,继续浓缩至相对密度约1.35-1.40。
4.如权利要求3所述扶正祛邪中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述的乙醇浓度为60%。
5.如权利要求3所述扶正祛邪中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述渗漏提取的乙醇浓度为85%。
6.如权利要求3所述扶正祛邪中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中所述醇沉的含醇量为50%。
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