CN110050624B - Method for afforesting bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on negative pressure technology and liquid soaking - Google Patents

Method for afforesting bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on negative pressure technology and liquid soaking Download PDF

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CN110050624B
CN110050624B CN201910221150.8A CN201910221150A CN110050624B CN 110050624 B CN110050624 B CN 110050624B CN 201910221150 A CN201910221150 A CN 201910221150A CN 110050624 B CN110050624 B CN 110050624B
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saplings
bare
negative pressure
black pine
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CN110050624A (en
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张�林
程甜甜
孙忠奎
王峰
朱翠翠
李承秀
王波
于永畅
乔谦
杨波
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TAISHAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0281—Protective ground coverings for individual plants, e.g. for plants in pots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking, which comprises the following steps: firstly, soil preparation; second, transplanting and later-period management and protection; before transplanting, soaking the black pine bare-root saplings by combining a negative pressure technology and nutrient solution soaking; when transplanting, covering the root of the black pine bare-root saplings with a film material; covering a thin film material on the surface of the planting pit; thirdly, pest control: the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest; and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month; preventing and treating aphid pest: 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin missible oil is sprayed on the root of the Pinus thunbergii. The method effectively improves the stress resistance and survival rate of the tree seedlings and has low cost through the treatment of bare-rooted tree seedlings before transplanting, the film covering treatment during transplanting and the later-stage pest control.

Description

Method for afforesting bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on negative pressure technology and liquid soaking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of barren mountain afforestation, in particular to a method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted tree seedling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking.
Background
The ecological environment is the basic condition for human survival and development, and is the basis for economic and social development. Protecting and improving ecological environment, realizing sustainable development, and being a basic policy which must be adhered to in our national modernization construction. However, the ecological environment of China is still fragile at present, and the area of barren mountains caused by water and soil loss is not effectively restrained. Therefore, afforestation of barren mountains to improve ecological environment is urgent. Compared with the common afforestation, the barren mountain afforestation can face more difficulties, mainly because the barren mountain is barren for a long time, the water condition is poor, the soil fertility is insufficient, the hardening is serious and the like. Therefore, how to choose a proper afforestation technology according to local conditions to obtain a good barren mountain afforestation effect is an important key for improving the ecological environment. The problems mainly faced in the barren mountain afforestation at present are: the afforestation difficulty is high, and the vegetation recovery difficulty is high for mountainous regions with severe environment; the afforestation cost is high, the survival rate of seedlings is low in the afforestation process, more fertilizers are used, the mountain land condition is poor, and the like, so that the afforestation cost is increased; the financing is difficult, the ecological benefit is the main for barren mountain afforestation, but the capital investment enthusiasm is not high due to the high cost, the long period and the poor economic benefit of barren mountain afforestation; the technology is relatively lagged, the mode of barren mountain afforestation is simpler, and the improvement of the efficiency and the quality of afforestation is greatly restricted.
Black pine, also white tooth pine, has grey-black bark. It is light loving, drought and barren, water logging intolerance, strong ability of resisting disease and insect, slow growth and long life. The black pine growing green all the year round is the preferred tree species for afforestation of barren mountains and road pavement. The planting of the black pine mainly comprises the following steps: soil preparation, transplanting, management and maintenance, pest control and the like. Although the black pine has strong barren resistance, the survival rate of the black pine seedlings is not high due to the severe environment of the barren mountains, and the diseases and insect pests are serious in the growth process, so that the cost of barren mountain afforestation is greatly increased.
The patent (CN201511035396.4, application date: 2015.12.30) discloses a planting method for improving the survival rate of bare-rooted seedling afforestation by water-saving irrigation, which specifically comprises the following steps: step one, tree species selection: selecting tree species: one of rhizoma Pinus Nipponicae, cacumen Platycladi, elm, locust, Cotinus coggygria and Cera chinensis; step two, digging planting holes: determining the shape and specification of a planting hole according to the type of a forestation land and the specification of a seedling, wherein the plain area is generally in a round table shape, the specification of a non-saline area is appropriately large, the diameter of the upper part is 60cm-80cm, the diameter of the lower part is 40cm-60cm, and the depth is 60cm-80 cm; plain saline-alkali area specification: the diameter of the upper part is 50cm-60cm, the diameter of the lower part is 40cm-50cm, and the depth is 50cm-60 cm; the invention ensures that limited water is concentrated around the root system of the seedling and is not easy to evaporate and dissipate, helps to solve the root system water supply during the key period of seedling survival, simultaneously reduces the competition of weeds on soil water and nutrients, provides an ideal small environment for the survival and growth of the root system of the seedling, ensures the survival rate of forestation, and solves the problems of high cost of forestation irrigation and low survival rate of forestation in water-deficient areas. Although the method can improve the survival rate of the bare-rooted saplings to a certain extent, the survival rate of the saplings is still low, and needs to be further improved.
The patent (CN201610499358.2, application date: 2016.06.30) discloses a root-divided alternate irrigation method using high-potassium brackish water and fresh water and application thereof in planting Pinus thunbergii in saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps: laying salt-separating layers and alternately irrigating roots; the salt separation layer in the salt separation layer laying step includes: a coarse stone layer, a wheat straw layer, a fine stone layer and a soil layer. The rough stone layer includes: furnace slag, vermiculite and stones; the fine stone layer includes: fermenting sawdust and desulfurizing waste; the soil layer includes: humus soil and red jade soil. The invention also provides application of the root-divided alternate irrigation method of the high-potassium brackish water and the fresh water in planting the Pinus thunbergii in saline-alkali land. By using the root-dividing alternate irrigation method, the adaptability of the plant root system is greatly enhanced, the plant root system grows well in soil with lower water content, and the plant root system grows well and has high growth speed; the consumption of fresh water is greatly reduced, and compared with the consumption of common irrigation fresh water, the consumption of fresh water is reduced by 50-60 percent; meanwhile, the water utilization rate of irrigation water is improved to more than 90 percent; greatly reduces the unnecessary transpiration of the plants. Although the method can effectively improve the water utilization rate of the black pine in the saline-alkali soil, the survival rate of the black pine is still not effectively improved during afforestation in barren mountains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, during afforestation on barren mountains, the survival rate of black pine bare-rooted saplings is low, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious in the growth process, and the afforestation cost is high. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for afforesting a black pine bare-root sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking.
In order to better solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the bare-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank through a pressure pump, soaking, and covering the roots of the bare-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin missible oil is sprayed on the root of the Pinus thunbergii.
Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.13-0.17 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium silicate, 0.01-0.04 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-4 parts of humic acid, 5-11 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-7 parts of potassium nitrate and 60-100 parts of water.
Preferably, the negative pressure value in the negative pressure soaking is-90 KPa, and the treatment time is 3-8 min.
Preferably, the film material A comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of acrylamide grafted starch, 28-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.6 part of modified silicon oxide, 0.5-0.6 part of nano montmorillonite, 1-2 parts of lubricant, 0.013-0.018 part of coupling agent and 2-4 parts of kapok fiber.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the modified silicon oxide is a polymer including a nano silicon oxide core-shell material, specifically a polyacrylamide grafted nano silicon oxide material, wherein the mass ratio of polyacrylamide to nano silicon oxide is 1: 3-5.
Preferably, the preparation method of the film material a comprises the following steps:
(1) weaving a fabric substrate by using kapok fibers as raw materials; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric;
(2) uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinyl alcohol, acrylamide grafted starch and water, then adding a coupling agent, modified silicon oxide and nano montmorillonite, continuously stirring and mixing, finally adding a lubricant to prepare a composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by using a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; and finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 0.6-1.2.
Preferably, the film material B comprises, by weight, 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 30-50 parts of polycarbonate, 0.7-1.6 parts of vermiculite powder, 1-2 parts of calcium stearate, 0.5-1.5 parts of leveling agent and 0.5-1.5 parts of defoaming agent.
As a preferred aspect of the above technical solution, the preparation method of the film material B specifically comprises: mixing polycarbonate, sodium polyacrylate, vermiculite powder, calcium stearate, a flatting agent, a defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing for 4-10h at 60-70 ℃, then cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, then adopting a casting machine to prepare a film, and drying to obtain a film material B.
Preferably, the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrates respectively have the following mass concentrations: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the black pine has drought resistance, barren resistance and strong disease resistance, and can be applied to barren mountain afforestation to effectively improve the afforestation effect. In the barren mountain afforestation process, in order to further improve the survival rate of the black pine bare-root saplings, the method combining the negative pressure technology and the liquid soaking is adopted to soak the black pine bare-root saplings before transplantation, and under the negative pressure condition, the nutrient solution can be effectively soaked into the root systems of the black pine bare-root saplings, so that the physiological properties of the root systems are adjusted, the growth of the root systems of the bare-root saplings is promoted, the survival rate of the black pine bare-root saplings under the severe conditions of the barren mountain and the like is improved, and the disease resistance of the saplings is further improved. In the invention, sodium naphthalene acetate is added into the nutrient solution as a plant growth regulator, and sodium silicate is also added to provide silicon element for the root system, so that the stress resistance of the naked root saplings of the black pine is improved; the addition of the humic acid, the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium nitrate can provide the required influence on the later growth of the cypress saplings of the Pinus thunbergii, promote the rooting of the cypress saplings of the Pinus thunbergii and improve the stress resistance of the saplings to a certain extent, and further improve the survival rate of the cypress saplings of the Pinus thunbergii. When carrying out the negative pressure and soaking, the selection of negative pressure value and soaking time plays the key effect to plant normal growth, if this condition misuse, can cause certain harm to the root of the pine tree sapling of naked root to reduce the survival rate of the pine tree sapling of black pine.
In order to further improve the survival rate of the black pine bare-root saplings, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits when being transplanted, the roots of the saplings are covered with a thin film material A filled with water, the thin film material takes polyacrylamide modified kapok fibers as water guide components, polyvinyl alcohol and acrylamide grafted starch as film forming materials, and a proper amount of modified silicon oxide and nano montmorillonite are added as modifiers, so that the prepared thin film material A is excellent in mechanical property and good in water retention effect, controllable water release is realized to a certain degree, death of the saplings caused by drought is reduced, and the survival rate of the saplings is improved. In addition, the surface of the planting pit is covered with a layer of film, and a proper amount of vermiculite powder and sodium polyacrylate are added into the film material, so that the film material has good ventilation effect and good water absorption and retention capacity, can effectively lock water for the use of the saplings, and improves the survival rate of the saplings. In subsequent pest control, the invention carries out physical and chemical effective control, and improves the quality and the survival rate of the saplings on the premise of not influencing the normal growth of the saplings.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to better understand the present invention, the following examples further illustrate the invention, the examples are only used for explaining the invention, not to constitute any limitation of the invention.
Example 1
A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank to-90 KPa through a pressure pump, soaking for 3min, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.13 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.2 part of sodium silicate, 0.01 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of potassium nitrate and 60 parts of water;
the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps: (1) weaving 2 parts of kapok fiber as a raw material into a fabric matrix; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric; the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 0.6; (2) stirring and mixing 28-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts of acrylamide grafted starch and water uniformly, then adding 0.013 part of coupling agent, 0.2 part of modified silicon oxide and 0.5 part of nano montmorillonite, continuing stirring and mixing, finally adding 1 part of lubricant to prepare composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by adopting a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A;
the preparation method of the film material B comprises the following specific steps: mixing 30 parts of polycarbonate, 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 0.7 part of vermiculite powder, 1 part of calcium stearate, 0.5 part of flatting agent, 0.5 part of defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing at 60-70 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing a film by using a casting machine, and drying to obtain a film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: spraying 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution on the root of the Pinus thunbergii; wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
Example 2
A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank to-90 KPa through a pressure pump, soaking for 8min, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.17 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.6 part of sodium silicate, 0.04 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 7 parts of potassium nitrate and 100 parts of water;
the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a fabric substrate by using 4 parts of kapok fiber as a raw material; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric; the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 1.2; (2) uniformly stirring and mixing 45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 30 parts of acrylamide grafted starch and water, then adding 0.018 part of coupling agent, 0.6 part of modified silicon oxide and 0.6 part of nano montmorillonite, continuously stirring and mixing, finally adding 2 parts of lubricating agent to prepare composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by using a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A;
the preparation method of the film material B comprises the following specific steps: mixing 50 parts of polycarbonate, 5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1.6 parts of vermiculite powder, 2 parts of calcium stearate, 1.5 parts of flatting agent, 1.5 parts of defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing at 60-70 ℃ for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing a film by using a casting machine, and drying to obtain a film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: spraying 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution on the root of the Pinus thunbergii; wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
Example 3
A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank to-90 KPa through a pressure pump, soaking for 4min, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.14 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.3 part of sodium silicate, 0.02 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2.5 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 70 parts of water;
the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a fabric substrate by using 2-4 parts of kapok fiber as a raw material; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric; the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 0.8; (2) stirring and mixing 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 23 parts of acrylamide grafted starch and water uniformly, then adding 0.014 part of coupling agent, 0.3 part of modified silicon oxide and 0.54 part of nano montmorillonite, continuing stirring and mixing, finally adding 1.3 parts of lubricant to prepare composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment by adopting a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A;
the preparation method of the film material B comprises the following specific steps: mixing 35 parts of polycarbonate, 3.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 0.9 part of vermiculite powder, 1.2 parts of calcium stearate, 0.7 part of flatting agent, 0.7 part of defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing at 60-70 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing a film by using a casting machine, and drying to obtain a film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: spraying 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution on the root of the Pinus thunbergii; wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
Example 4
A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank to-90 KPa through a pressure pump, soaking for 5min, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.15 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.4 part of sodium silicate, 0.03 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate and 80 parts of water;
the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a fabric substrate by using 3 parts of kapok fiber as a raw material; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric; the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 1.0; (2) stirring and mixing 33 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 25 parts of acrylamide grafted starch and water uniformly, then adding 0.015 part of coupling agent, 0.4 part of modified silicon oxide and 0.55 part of nano montmorillonite, continuing stirring and mixing, finally adding 1.6 parts of lubricant to prepare composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by adopting a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A;
the preparation method of the film material B comprises the following specific steps: mixing 40 parts of polycarbonate, 4 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1.1 parts of vermiculite powder, 1.5 parts of calcium stearate, 0.9 part of flatting agent, 1.1 parts of defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing at 60-70 ℃ for 7 hours, cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing a film by using a casting machine, and drying to obtain a film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: spraying 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution on the root of the Pinus thunbergii; wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
Example 5
A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank to-90 KPa through a pressure pump, soaking for 7min, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B;
the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.16 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.5 part of sodium silicate, 0.03 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3.5 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate and 90 parts of water;
the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a fabric substrate by using 3.5 parts of kapok fiber as a raw material; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric; the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 1.0; (2) uniformly stirring and mixing 42 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of acrylamide grafted starch and water, then adding 0.017 part of a coupling agent, 0.5 part of modified silicon oxide and 0.58 part of nano montmorillonite, continuously stirring and mixing, finally adding 1.6 parts of a lubricant to prepare a composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by using a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A;
the preparation method of the film material B comprises the following specific steps: mixing 45 parts of polycarbonate, 4.5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1.5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1.5 parts of calcium stearate, 1.3 parts of flatting agent, 1.3 parts of defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing at 60-70 ℃ for 8 hours, cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing a film by using a casting machine, and drying to obtain a film material B;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: spraying 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable solution on the root of the Pinus thunbergii; wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
Comparative example 1
The liquid is soaked in clear water in the same manner as in example 5.
Comparative example 2
The liquid immersion was carried out in the same manner as in example 5 without using the negative pressure condition.
Comparative example 3
The self-made film material A of the present invention was not used in the transplanting, and the other methods were the same as in example 5.
Comparative example 4
The self-made film material B of the present invention was not used in the transplanting, and the other methods were the same as in example 5.
And (4) carrying out survival rate and morbidity tracking investigation on the black pine seedlings 50 days after transplantation, and randomly selecting 300 plants as research objects. The results of the examination are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Survival rate% The incidence of black pine branch blight, percent The incidence of aphid pests on pine tree%
Example 1 97 0.35 0.29
Example 2 97 0.33 0.26
Example 3 98 0.25 0.19
Example 4 96 0.37 0.30
Example 5 98 0.22 0.17
Comparative example 1 71 5.65 3.29
Comparative example 2 85 3.18 1.45
Comparative example 3 89 2.26 1.64
Comparative example 4 86 3.12 1.45
From the above investigation results, the comparison of the studies of example 5 and comparative example 1 shows that: the nutrient solution soaking not only improves the survival rate of the saplings to a certain extent, but also effectively improves the disease resistance of the saplings of the black pines. The study of example 5 and comparative example 2 shows that: the negative pressure condition can effectively promote the absorption of the naked-root saplings of the black pines to the nutrient solution, thereby improving the survival rate of the saplings. Compared with the comparative examples 3 and 4, the method has the advantages that the thin films are respectively covered on the root of the sapling and the surface of the planting pit, the root water can be continuously provided in the growth process of the sapling, and the survival rate and the disease resistance of the sapling are improved.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described, many other forms and modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the appended claims and this invention generally cover all such obvious forms and modifications which are within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for afforesting a black pine bare-rooted sapling based on a negative pressure technology and liquid soaking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation:
preparing soil by adopting a horizontal ditch, ditching from top to bottom along the contour line of a hillside, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the width of an upper opening is 0.5-0.6m, the width of a bottom is 0.3-0.4m, the length of the ditch is 4-5m, the distance between every two ditches is 1.5-1.8m, and the distance between every two ditches is 0.3-0.4 m;
II, transplanting and later-period management and protection:
before transplanting, firstly placing the naked-root saplings of the black pine in a container filled with nutrient solution, placing the container in a negative pressure tank, adjusting the pressure value of the negative pressure tank through a pressure pump, soaking, and covering the roots of the naked-root saplings of the black pine with wet cloth; during transplanting, the black pine bare-root saplings are placed in planting pits, the root systems are well managed, the roots are evenly spread, a layer of soil is filled, the roots of the saplings are covered with a film material A filled with water, then soil is filled continuously, and the saplings are tamped after each soil filling; after treading, the surface is covered with a thin film material B; the film material A comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of acrylamide grafted starch, 28-45 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-0.6 part of modified silicon oxide, 0.5-0.6 part of nano montmorillonite, 1-2 parts of a lubricant, 0.013-0.018 part of a coupling agent and 2-4 parts of modified kapok fiber fabric, wherein the modified silicon oxide is a polymer comprising a nano silicon oxide core-shell material, specifically a polyacrylamide grafted nano silicon oxide material, and the mass ratio of polyacrylamide to nano silicon oxide is 1: 3-5;
thirdly, pest control:
the pest control comprises black pine branch blight and big aphid pest;
and (3) prevention and treatment of black pine branch blight: removing diseased and dead branches and fallen leaves in time, loosening soil, weeding and fertilizing in time; spraying 400 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl in 4 and 8 months, and spraying once in one month;
preventing and treating aphid pest: 1200 times of solution consisting of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and deltamethrin missible oil is sprayed on the root of the Pinus thunbergii.
2. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on the negative pressure technology and the liquid soaking according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.13-0.17 part of sodium naphthalene acetate, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium silicate, 0.01-0.04 part of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-4 parts of humic acid, 5-11 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-7 parts of potassium nitrate and 60-100 parts of water.
3. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on the negative pressure technology and liquid soaking according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure value during the negative pressure soaking is-90 KPa, and the treatment time is 3-8 min.
4. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on the negative pressure technology and the liquid soaking according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the film material A comprises the following steps:
(1) weaving a fabric substrate by using kapok fibers as raw materials; then, putting the kapok fiber into an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide and gelatin for soaking treatment, and drying after treatment to prepare a modified kapok fiber fabric;
(2) uniformly stirring and mixing polyvinyl alcohol, acrylamide grafted starch and water, then adding a coupling agent, modified silicon oxide and nano montmorillonite, continuously stirring and mixing, finally adding a lubricant to prepare a composite feed liquid, carrying out tape casting film forming treatment on the composite feed liquid by using a tape casting machine, and drying to prepare a plastic film; and finally, compounding the plastic film and the modified kapok fiber fabric by adopting a hot rolling method to prepare a film material A.
5. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of black pine based on the negative pressure technology and liquid soaking according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the kapok fiber to the polyacrylamide to the gelatin is 5: 1: 0.6-1.2.
6. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of the Pinus thunbergii based on the negative pressure technology and the liquid soaking according to claim 1, wherein the film material B comprises, by weight, 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 30-50 parts of polycarbonate, 0.7-1.6 parts of vermiculite powder, 1-2 parts of calcium stearate, 0.5-1.5 parts of a leveling agent, and 0.5-1.5 parts of an antifoaming agent.
7. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of Pinus thunbergii based on the negative pressure technology and the liquid soaking according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the film material B specifically comprises the following steps: mixing polycarbonate, sodium polyacrylate, vermiculite powder, calcium stearate, a flatting agent, a defoaming agent and water, stirring and mixing for 4-10h at 60-70 ℃, then cooling to room temperature, uniformly stirring and mixing, then adopting a casting machine to prepare a film, and drying to obtain a film material B.
8. The method for afforesting the bare-rooted saplings of black pine based on negative pressure technology and liquid soaking according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentrations of the cycloxaprid, the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin missible oil are respectively as follows: 1.35%, 8%, 1.5%.
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