CN110036855B - Method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036855B CN110036855B CN201910433781.6A CN201910433781A CN110036855B CN 110036855 B CN110036855 B CN 110036855B CN 201910433781 A CN201910433781 A CN 201910433781A CN 110036855 B CN110036855 B CN 110036855B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps: treating a sweet potato seedling bed; treating the field, namely applying primary topdressing 30-40 days after transplanting, wherein N, P, K and Ca are respectively 4kg, 2kg, 4kg and 1kg per mu; fertilizing potassium fertilizer 90-100 days after transplanting, wherein K is 2 kg/mu; applying calcium fertilizer after transplanting for 120-150 days, wherein Ca is 4 kg/mu, and uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer to the leaf surface when applying fertilizers for three times; the small molecule inducer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of salicylic acid, 3-5 parts of beta-aminobutyric acid and 5-10 parts of sodium acetate; in each cultivation process, the micromolecule inducer is applied, meanwhile, fertilizers with different proportions are applied in different stages, and the micromolecule inducer and the fertilizers are coordinated with each other, so that the high quality and the high yield of the sweet potatoes are unified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes.
Background
Sweet potatoes, also known as sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes and the like, belong to annual herbaceous plants of the family Convolvulaceae of the rhizome class and are important grain crops. In recent years, with the change of the supply and demand of the food market in China, the adjustment of the planting industry structure and the improvement of the living standard of people, sweet potatoes become health-care food for adjusting taste and enriching vegetable baskets in life gradually, play more and more roles in the dietary structure of people, and are mainly divided into 3 types of fresh-eating type, starch type and pigment type according to the quality characteristics and the application of tuberous roots, the fresh-eating type has the quality characteristics of yellow, orange red or red potato flesh and the like, the content of soluble sugar, carotene and the like is higher, the steaming taste is good, the sweet potato has good nutrition and health-care functions, the sweet potato blocks also contain rich normal and trace elements such as Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and the like and nutrient substances such as vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch and the like, wherein the Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and the like are necessary for life activities and participate in various metabolic processes, the contents of starch, soluble sugar, protein, vitamin C, carotene and the like in the root tuber are closely related to the nutritional quality of the sweet potatoes.
However, the yield of the sweet potatoes is negatively related to the quality at present, and the sweet potatoes are high in quality and not high in yield and yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a method for regulating and controlling high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes
The technical scheme is as follows: the technical scheme of the invention is that the method for regulating and controlling the high yield and high quality of the sweet potatoes is unified, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sweet potato seedling bed treatment
1.1, putting the seed potatoes on a bed, and spraying 300 times of liquid of a micromolecule inducer to the surface layer for wetting;
1.2, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution to the seedbed 5-6 days before seedling emergence by seedbed scissors;
1.3, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution on the seedbed after the seedbed is cut to sprout for 10-12 days;
1.4, 5-10 days before the last emergence of seedlings, 300 times of the small molecule inducer solution is uniformly sprayed on the seedbed;
step two: treatment of fields
2.1, dipping the cut potato seedlings with 500 times of a micromolecule inducer solution to treat the potato seedlings, planting the potato seedlings into a field, and applying base fertilizer, wherein the dosages of N, P, K and Ca are respectively 2 kg/mu, 1 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu;
2.2, implementing first topdressing 30-40 days after transplanting, wherein N, P, K and Ca are respectively 4 kg/mu, 2 kg/mu, 4 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu, and simultaneously matching 300 times of liquid of the micromolecular inducer to uniformly spray leaf surfaces;
2.3, after transplanting, applying a potash fertilizer for 90-100 days, wherein K is 2 kg/mu, and simultaneously adding 300 times of small molecule inducer to uniformly spray the foliage;
2. and 4, applying a calcium fertilizer 35-40 days before harvesting, wherein the Ca content is 4 kg/mu, and simultaneously adding 300 times of a micromolecular inducer to uniformly spray the liquid on the leaf surfaces.
The small molecule inducer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of salicylic acid, 3-5 parts of beta-aminobutyric acid and 5-10 parts of sodium acetate.
The rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor contains various micromolecules with exciton activity, polysaccharides, organic acids and the like, and the rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor is matched with salicylic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid and sodium acetate for use to generate resistance to the induction of sweet potatoes, so that the high quality and high yield of the sweet potatoes are unified.
Preferably, the cut potato seedlings are dipped in 500 times of small molecular inducer for 3-5 minutes.
Preferably, the pH of the field is 6.5-7.0, and the organic matter content is 9-12 g/kg.
Has the advantages that: the sweet potato cultivation method reasonably controls the sweet potato cultivation process, comprises the steps of soaking sweet potato seeds and later-stage growth management in each cultivation process, applies 300 times of small-molecule inducer in a matched manner, applies fertilizers with different proportions in different stages, and coordinates the two steps, so that the yield of sweet potatoes cultivated by the method is increased by 20-30% compared with sweet potatoes cultivated by a traditional method, meanwhile, the sweet potatoes are good in appearance commodity, and the contents of internal normal and trace elements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) and vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch are obviously improved, and the high quality and high yield of the sweet potatoes are unified.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The test variety is Ningshu 192, the test field is divided into six, an isolation zone is arranged in the middle, 3 sweet potatoes are cultivated according to the method for regulating the high yield and high quality of the sweet potatoes, and the other 3 sweet potatoes are cultivated according to the traditional method:
the method for regulating and controlling the high yield and high quality of the sweet potatoes is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: sweet potato seedling bed treatment
1.1, putting the seed potatoes on a bed, and spraying 300 times of liquid of a micromolecule inducer to the surface layer for wetting;
1.2, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution to the seedbed 5 days before seedling emergence by seedbed scissors;
1.3, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution on the seedbed after the seedbed is cut to sprout for 10 days;
1.4, 5 days before the last emergence of seedlings, 300 times of the small molecular inducer solution is uniformly sprayed on a seedbed;
step two: treatment of fields
2.1, dipping 500 times of liquid of micromolecule inducer into roots of the cut potato seedlings for 3-5 minutes, planting the potato seedlings into a field (the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the organic matter content is 9-12g/kg), and simultaneously applying base fertilizer, wherein the dosages of N, P, K and Ca are respectively 2 kg/mu, 1 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu;
2.2, implementing first topdressing 30 days after transplanting, wherein N, P, K and Ca are respectively 4 kg/mu, 2 kg/mu, 4 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu, and simultaneously matching 300 times of small molecule inducer to uniformly spray the foliage;
2.3, after transplanting, applying potash fertilizer after 90 days, wherein K is 2 kg/mu, and simultaneously adding 300 times of liquid of micromolecule inducer for uniformly spraying on the leaf surface;
2.4, applying a calcium fertilizer 35 days before harvesting, wherein the Ca content is 4 kg/mu, and simultaneously adding 300 times of a micromolecular inducer to uniformly spray the liquid on the leaf surfaces.
The small molecule inducer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor, 15 parts of salicylic acid, 4 parts of beta-aminobutyric acid and 8 parts of sodium acetate.
The rhizopus oryzae fermentation broth described in this example was prepared by the following method
Taking starch material hydrolysate with total sugar concentration of 40g/L as culture medium, inoculating Rhizopus oryzae spore suspension under pH of 5-6, inoculating spore with concentration of 10 in culture medium5-106Culturing the strain/mL strain at the rotation speed of 200 and 250rpm at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 24-48h by shaking, and filtering and collecting the strain/mL strain to obtain fermentation liquor.
The conventional method is
The method comprises the following steps: sweet potato seedling bed treatment: putting the seed potatoes on a bed, and spraying water to wet the surface layer;
step two: field treatment: and (4) planting the cut potato seedlings into a field, applying base fertilizer at the same time, and applying additional fertilizer 30 days after transplanting.
The yield, normal and trace elements of the sweet potatoes obtained under the two cultivation conditions are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| The method of the invention | Conventional methods | |
| Fresh potato yield (kg/hm)2) | 61358 | 58476 |
| Ca(mg/kg) | 142 | 83 |
| Mg(mg/kg) | 121 | 107 |
| Fe(mg/kg) | 11.5 | 9.8 |
| Zn(mg/kg) | 2.1 | 1.8 |
| Mn(mg/kg) | 1.8 | 1.4 |
| Cu(mg/kg) | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| Vc(mg/Kg) | 143 | 115 |
| Soluble protein (mg/g) | 11.8 | 10.1 |
| Soluble sugar (g/100g) | 5.4 | 1.8 |
| Starch (g/100g) | 9.5 | 7.5 |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sweet potato seedling bed treatment
1.1, putting the seed potatoes on a bed, and spraying 300 times of liquid of a micromolecule inducer to the surface layer for wetting;
1.2, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution to the seedbed 5-6 days before seedling emergence by seedbed scissors;
1.3, uniformly spraying 300 times of small molecule inducer solution on the seedbed after the seedbed is cut to sprout for 10-12 days;
1.4, 5-10 days before the last emergence of seedlings, 300 times of the small molecule inducer solution is uniformly sprayed on the seedbed;
step two: treatment of fields
2.1, dipping the cut potato seedlings with 500 times of a micromolecule inducer solution to treat the potato seedlings, planting the potato seedlings into a field, and applying base fertilizer, wherein the dosages of N, P, K and Ca are respectively 2 kg/mu, 1 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu;
2.2, implementing first topdressing 30-40 days after transplanting, wherein N, P, K and Ca are respectively 4 kg/mu, 2 kg/mu, 4 kg/mu and 1 kg/mu, and simultaneously matching 300 times of liquid of the micromolecular inducer to uniformly spray leaf surfaces;
2.3, after transplanting, applying a potash fertilizer for 90-100 days, wherein K is 2 kg/mu, and simultaneously adding 300 times of small molecule inducer to uniformly spray the foliage;
2.4, additionally applying a calcium fertilizer 35-40 days before harvesting, wherein the Ca content is 4 kg/mu, and simultaneously uniformly spraying 300 times of liquid of a micromolecular inducer on the leaf surfaces;
the small molecule inducer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of salicylic acid, 3-5 parts of beta-aminobutyric acid and 5-10 parts of sodium acetate;
the rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquor is prepared by adopting the following method:
taking starch material hydrolysate with total sugar concentration of 40g/L as culture medium, inoculating Rhizopus oryzae spore suspension under pH of 5-6, inoculating spore with concentration of 10 in culture medium5-106Culturing the strain/mL strain at the rotation speed of 200 and 250rpm at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 24-48h by shaking, and filtering and collecting the strain/mL strain to obtain fermentation liquor.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the high yield and the high quality of the sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the cut sweet potato seedlings are treated by dipping the sweet potatoes in 500 times of small molecular inducer solution for 3-5 minutes.
3. The method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the field is 6.5-7.0.
4. The method for regulating high yield and high quality of sweet potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter content of the field is 9-12 g/kg.
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