CN112457098A - Concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112457098A CN112457098A CN202011297481.9A CN202011297481A CN112457098A CN 112457098 A CN112457098 A CN 112457098A CN 202011297481 A CN202011297481 A CN 202011297481A CN 112457098 A CN112457098 A CN 112457098A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries as well as a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following components: the macroelement nutrient solution A comprises 1.2-4.80 mol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-2.40 mol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.4-1.60 mol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.20-0.80 mol/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.20-0.80 mol/L of monopotassium phosphate. The microelement nutrient solution B comprises 0.20-0.60 mol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of boric acid, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of copper sulfate, 0.05-0.15 mol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.10-0.50 mol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. The method comprehensively considers the requirements of the blueberries on nutrient elements and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and can continuously stabilize the pH value and the porosity of the soil improvement in the production process. Compared with the traditional fertilizing mode, the fertilizer has the advantages of low fertilizer investment and high absorption and utilization rate, is more beneficial to soil protection, and realizes the sustainable production of the blueberries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers, and particularly relates to a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries and a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
Perennial shrubs of the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. The fruits are blue, and a layer of white fruit powder is coated on the fruits, so that the fruits are fine and smooth, the fruit taste is sour and sweet, the flavor is unique, and the nutrition is rich. The fresh fruits of the blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components such as carbohydrate, organic acid, protein, Vc, anthocyanin and flavone, wherein the blueberry anthocyanin is honored as 'first antioxidant' and has the effects of protecting cells from being eroded by oxides and delaying senescence; also has the functions of promoting the regeneration of rhodopsin in retina, eliminating eye fatigue, enhancing vision, preventing severe myopia and retinal detachment and the like; in addition, has effects of lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol, resisting inflammation, preventing and treating diabetes, and preventing thrombosis and heart diseases.
The blueberry root system is fine, has no root hair, is shallow in distribution, has the root system distribution depth of 20-30 cm generally, and has the depth of over 50cm under the condition of loose soil and good ventilation. The soil condition suitable for blueberry growth needs to meet the requirements of loosening, ventilation, moistening, high organic matter content (8-12%) and acidity (pH4.5-5.5). The blueberry is an oligotrophic plant, and has low content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in vivo compared with other fruit trees. Because the blueberry root system is distributed shallowly and is slender without root hairs, the damage of the root system and the tree body is easily caused by improper fertilization.
Blueberries belong to ammonium nitrogen fruit trees, have stronger absorption capacity on ammonium nitrogen in soil than nitrate nitrogen, and have the main symptoms of reduced growth amount of new shoots, reduced and yellow leaves and first-manifested symptoms of white green old leaves in the absence of nitrogen, and the application of ammonium sulfate in soil can supply the ammonium nitrogen to the blueberries and also can reduce the pH value of the soil. Phosphorus is one of the main components of plant cell nucleus, plays an important role in the physiological processes of metabolism of plant nitrogen and sugar, respiration and the like, and shows that the growth amount is reduced in the absence, the leaves are small and dark green, and old leaves firstly show symptoms and show purple red. Potassium affects the activity of enzymes and the direction of catalytic reactions in plant tissues, determines the metabolic process, promotes differentiation and photosynthesis, and the main symptoms in the absence are leaf cupping, leaf edge scorching and old leaves show symptoms first. Calcium, in combination with protein molecules, is an important component of plasma membranes and is also an activator of certain enzymes, affecting metabolic processes in plants. In case of calcium deficiency, the plant is short and small, the root system is dysplasia, and the meristem of the stem, the leaf and the root tip is damaged. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll and also an activator of many enzymes, and is closely related to carbohydrate metabolism. When the plants lack magnesium, chlorosis and interlaminar chlorosis easily occur, which is accompanied by yellow or red color spots, and old leaves firstly show symptoms. Sulfur is an indispensable element constituting sulfur-containing proteins, and sulfur-containing organic substances participate in redox reactions in the respiration process of plants, thereby affecting the formation of chlorophyll. When the plants lack sulphur, the green deficiency symptoms are generally shown in young leaves, the veins are obviously yellowed, and old leaves are yellow-green. Iron is essential for the formation of chlorophyll, plays an important role in the synthesis of plant chlorophyll, and is manifested by the loss of green and yellow color between veins of young leaves in the absence of iron, and the lower leaves can always keep green. Blueberries are very sensitive to chlorine and are very easy to cause excessive poisoning (content > 0.5%), and the poisoning symptoms are that the surfaces of middle and upper leaves in the middle of young shoots are brown, the tips of the leaves at the base parts turn yellow, and fertilizers containing chlorine are forbidden. Therefore, scientific and balanced fertilization needs to be carried out on the blueberries by a leaf analysis technology and a soil analysis technology in the planting process.
The water soluble fertilizer is one kind of multielement fertilizer capable of being dissolved in water and features fast dissolving in water and high absorption and utilization rate. However, the water-soluble fertilizer in the prior art is used at present, is inconvenient to prepare, needs a large independent container for preparation, and has defects in production. In the prior art, the specific proportion of each element is not determined, and the growth of the blueberries is easily influenced due to improper proportion preparation of each element in the using and preparing process in production. In the prior art, the method is suitable for transplanting the blueberry plants which enter the full bearing period for 3 years, and is not suitable for blueberry seedlings which are just transplanted from blueberries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries, a preparation method and an application method thereof, which can promote the root growth of the blueberries, are beneficial to enhancing the tree vigor and the plant resistance and improve the yield and the quality of the blueberries; the method is also beneficial to implementing water and fertilizer integration, reduces production and labor cost, saves water and fertilizer, is more beneficial to protecting soil, increases economic benefit, and is suitable for large-area production, popularization and application of the blueberries.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries is prepared from the following components:
the macroelement nutrient solution A comprises 1.2-4.80 mol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-2.40 mol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.4-1.60 mol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.20-0.80 mol/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.20-0.80 mol/L of monopotassium phosphate;
the microelement nutrient solution B comprises 0.20-0.60 mol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of boric acid, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of copper sulfate, 0.05-0.15 mol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.10-0.50 mol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. .
A preparation method of a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the macroelement nutrient solution A comprises the following steps: weighing ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the proportion, dissolving in a container by using clear water respectively, and mixing the dissolved solution to a constant volume; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0 by using concentrated sulfuric acid of 5 mol/L;
the preparation method of the trace element nutrient solution B comprises the following steps: weighing manganese sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium molybdate according to the proportion, respectively dissolving in a container by using clear water, and mixing the dissolved solution to obtain a mixed solution I; weighing ferrous sulfate and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate according to the proportion, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate respectively in hot water, mixing the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate after the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate are dissolved, and boiling the mixture to obtain a mixed solution II; and cooling the mixed solution II to the normal temperature, mixing the mixed solution II with the mixed solution I, fixing the volume, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0 by using 5mol/L concentrated sulfuric acid.
An application method of a concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries comprises the following steps:
the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B adopt water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation or spray irrigation;
mixing the macroelement nutrient solution A and the trace element nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 5: 1, diluting with clear water by 5000-10000 times, and applying;
when in drip irrigation or spray irrigation fertilization, clear water is firstly introduced into the pipeline, and the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is introduced after the pipeline is filled with water;
fertilizing time is 2-3 hours, and the soil layer is kept moist within 20-30 cm in depth;
and (4) immediately introducing clear water after the fertilization is finished, continuously keeping for 30 minutes, and completely discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline into the field.
The fertilizing object is blueberry seedlings transplanted for 1-3 years, and the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B are mixed according to a proportion and then diluted by 10000 times for application;
the fertilizing object is a blueberry plant which is transplanted into the full bearing period for 3 years, and the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B are mixed according to the proportion and then diluted by 5000 times for application;
the fertilizer is applied for the first time from the rise of the temperature in spring every year, and is applied for one time at intervals of 15-20 days and is applied for 10-15 times in the whole year.
The method comprehensively considers the requirements of the blueberries on nutrient elements and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and can continuously stabilize the pH value and the porosity of the soil improvement in the production process. Compared with the traditional fertilizing mode, the fertilizer has the advantages of low fertilizer investment and high absorption and utilization rate, is more beneficial to soil protection, and realizes the sustainable production of the blueberries.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
This example uses 2 year old pot seedlings of emerald, and uses a potted water culture test, setting 4 treatments, each treatment 10 plants.
Treatment 1: the concentrations of the components of the nutrient solution are respectively 0.60mmol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.30mmol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.20mmol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.10mmol/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.10mmol/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.04mmol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.03mmol/L of boric acid, 0.001mmol/L of copper sulfate, 0.01mmol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.001mmol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.03mmol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.03mmol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, the volume of each strain of the nutrient solution is 2L, and the pH value is 5.00.
And (3) treatment 2: the concentrations of the components of the nutrient solution are respectively 1.20mmol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.60mmol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.40mmol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.20mmol/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.20mmol/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.04mmol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.03mmol/L of boric acid, 0.001mmol/L of copper sulfate, 0.01mmol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.001mmol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.03mmol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.03mmol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, the volume of each strain of the nutrient solution is 2L, and the pH value is 5.00.
And (3) treatment: the concentrations of the components of the nutrient solution are respectively 1.80mmol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.90mmol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.60mmol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.30mmol/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.30mmol/L of monopotassium phosphate, 0.04mmol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.03mmol/L of boric acid, 0.001mmol/L of copper sulfate, 0.01mmol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.001mmol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.03mmol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.03mmol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, the volume of each strain of the nutrient solution is 2L, and the pH value is 5.00.
And (4) treatment: in the control group, no nutrient solution was added, the volume of clear water per plant was 2L, and the pH was 5.00.
The nutrient solution is replaced every half month, and the states of plant height, branch number, stem thickness and root are observed and recorded.
As can be seen from Table 1, the blueberries treated by the treatment 2 have the best growth vigor, and the growth states of the plant height, the stem thickness, the new shoots and the root system are superior to those of other experimental treatments. The plant height is increased by about 3 times of that of the control, the branches are also thicker, the number of newly-grown branches is the largest, and the root system is developed. Therefore, the formula of the nutrient solution screened out in the test treatment 2 is most suitable for the growth of the blueberries, and is favorable for promoting the vegetative growth of the blueberry plants, enhancing the tree vigor and improving the disease resistance of the blueberries.
TABLE 1 influence of treatment of different nutrient solution ratios and concentrations on growth of blueberry plants
The embodiment also adopts a field verification test of a proper formula of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries:
and (3) transplanting the 3-year-old blueberry pot seedlings with a 30L container pot by using a soilless nutrient medium, and performing a fertilization test 20 days after transplanting. Setting 2 test groups for treatment, wherein each test group is 30 pots, the treatment 1 is a control group, and applying a common potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer; and in the treatment 2, the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for the blueberries is applied. Dissolving the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in water according to the concentration of 0.20 percent for drip irrigation; mixing the nutrient solution A and the nutrient solution B according to a ratio by using a water-soluble fertilizer, diluting by 10000 times, and carrying out drip irrigation; the fertilizer is applied every time every plant by drip irrigation for 3L, the test time is 3 months, and the fertilizer is applied every 15 days. Through the same daily management, the same fertilization method and the same soil environment, the blueberry plants treated in the test 2 are stronger than those treated in the test 1, the leaf color is more emerald green, the new roots have more branches and side branches, the phenomena of plant diseases and insect pests are less, and the root systems are more developed. Therefore, the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries is beneficial to promoting the vegetative growth of the blueberry plants, enhancing the tree vigor and improving the disease resistance of the blueberries.
Claims (6)
1. The concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries is characterized by being prepared from the following components:
the macroelement nutrient solution A comprises 1.2-4.80 mol/L of ammonium sulfate, 0.6-2.40 mol/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.4-1.60 mol/L of potassium nitrate, 0.20-0.80 mol/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.20-0.80 mol/L of monopotassium phosphate;
the microelement nutrient solution B comprises 0.20-0.60 mol/L of manganese sulfate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of boric acid, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of copper sulfate, 0.05-0.15 mol/L of zinc sulfate, 0.005-0.015 mol/L of sodium molybdate, 0.10-0.50 mol/L of ferrous sulfate and 0.10-0.50 mol/L of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
2. The preparation method of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the preparation method of the macroelement nutrient solution A comprises the following steps: weighing ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the proportion, dissolving in a container by using clear water respectively, and mixing the dissolved solution to a constant volume; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0 by using concentrated sulfuric acid of 5 mol/L;
the preparation method of the trace element nutrient solution B comprises the following steps: weighing manganese sulfate, boric acid, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and sodium molybdate according to the proportion, respectively dissolving in a container by using clear water, and mixing the dissolved solution to obtain a mixed solution I; weighing ferrous sulfate and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate according to the proportion, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate respectively in hot water, mixing the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate after the ferrous sulfate and the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate are dissolved, and boiling the mixture to obtain a mixed solution II; and cooling the mixed solution II to the normal temperature, mixing the mixed solution II with the mixed solution I, fixing the volume, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0 by using 5mol/L concentrated sulfuric acid.
3. The application method of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B adopt water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation or spray irrigation;
mixing the macroelement nutrient solution A and the trace element nutrient solution B according to the volume ratio of 5: 1, diluting with clear water by 5000-10000 times, and applying;
when in drip irrigation or spray irrigation fertilization, clear water is firstly introduced into the pipeline, and the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is introduced after the pipeline is filled with water;
fertilizing time is 2-3 hours, and the soil layer is kept moist within 20-30 cm in depth;
and (4) immediately introducing clear water after the fertilization is finished, continuously keeping for 30 minutes, and completely discharging the residual fertilizer liquid in the pipeline into the field.
4. The application method of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries as claimed in claim 3, wherein the object of fertilization is a blueberry seedling transplanted for 1-3 years, and the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B are mixed according to a certain proportion and then diluted by 10000 times for application.
5. The application method of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries as claimed in claim 3, wherein the object of fertilization is a blueberry plant transplanted into the full bearing age for 3 years, and the macroelement nutrient solution A and the microelement nutrient solution B are mixed in proportion and then diluted by 5000 times for application.
6. The application method of the concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries according to claim 3, wherein the fertilizer is applied for the first time from the rise of the temperature in spring every year, and is applied for 10-15 times in the whole year after 15-20 days.
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| CN202011297481.9A CN112457098A (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2020-11-19 | Concentrated water-soluble fertilizer special for blueberries and preparation method and application method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113716996A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-30 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Method for fertilizing and enhancing trunk of red-leaf poplar variety |
| CN114920609A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-19 | 北京傲禾测土肥业连锁有限公司 | Special fertilizer for improving blueberry poor growth phenomenon and use method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102101803A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 金陵科技学院 | Water culture nutrient solution of blueberry and preparation method thereof |
| CN105000939A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 天津农学院 | Soilless culture nutrient solution formula for blueberries |
-
2020
- 2020-11-19 CN CN202011297481.9A patent/CN112457098A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102101803A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-22 | 金陵科技学院 | Water culture nutrient solution of blueberry and preparation method thereof |
| CN105000939A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 天津农学院 | Soilless culture nutrient solution formula for blueberries |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113716996A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-30 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Method for fertilizing and enhancing trunk of red-leaf poplar variety |
| CN114920609A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-19 | 北京傲禾测土肥业连锁有限公司 | Special fertilizer for improving blueberry poor growth phenomenon and use method thereof |
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