CN114988938B

CN114988938B - Magnesium fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in tomato planting

Info

Publication number: CN114988938B
Application number: CN202210424530.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李学贤; 袁浩; 罗惠兰
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-04-20
Filing date: 2022-04-20
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-20
Also published as: CN116120125A; CN114988938A

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnesium fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in tomato planting. The magnesium fertilizer comprises 0.5-2% of magnesium ions and water by mass, and can be prepared by weighing a proper amount of magnesium sulfate and dissolving the magnesium sulfate in distilled water. When the magnesium fertilizer is applied to tomato planting, the yield of tomatoes can be improved, particularly, fruits are colored in advance, and beneficial ingredients in the tomatoes are increased. The increased content of lycopene, vc, soluble solids, sugars, proteins and total amino acids in tomatoes, affects the negative components of tomato taste: the content of titratable acid and starch is reduced; can also increase the expression level of the following genes of ethylene synthesis and regulation pathways: ACS2/4, ETR1/4, EIN3/EIL3 and ERF1.

Description

Magnesium fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in tomato planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a magnesium fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in tomato planting.

Background

In the agricultural development process, fertilizers play a vital role. With the continuous improvement of the technical level of agricultural production, the application of fertilizers in China tends to develop towards the direction of nutrient balance, and people gradually recognize the important influence of medium trace elements on the yield and quality of crops from the prior excessive application of high-concentration macroelement fertilizers to the current stage.

Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) are the largest-area vegetable crops in facility cultivation in China, and have extremely high nutritional value and health-care effect (liu wei et al, 2006). The cherry tomatoes are both vegetables and fruits, have a growth cycle of 110 days to 170 days, and are important economic crops. Lycopene is a carotenoid with extremely strong oxidation resistance in the natural world at present, has the biological activity generally stronger than that of other carotenoids, and has important biological functions of oxidation resistance, blood fat reduction, cancer resistance, organism immunity improvement and the like (Zhuyuan, 2020). Lycopene, one of the most important nutritional qualities of tomatoes, is an important index for quality evaluation of tomatoes, and plays an important role in increasing the economic value of tomatoes (Dumas et al, 2003).

In the prior art, the lycopene content in tomatoes is improved mostly by improving a planting method or by a gene editing technology. The genetic material of the tomato is changed by the gene editing mode, and the risk of gene drift exists in the tomato field planting process. The existing planting method is mainly improved by specially treating seeds before raising seedlings by using the seeds, for example, CN109220615A discloses a planting method for increasing lycopene content, which comprises the following steps: soaking seeds in a magnetic field environment by using a seed soaking solution; irradiating the seeds, airing and spraying white vinegar; then sowing seeds, and carrying out alternate treatment of different frequencies and sound waves on the tomato seedlings to improve the content of lycopene in the tomatoes. CN107667605A discloses a seed treatment method for increasing lycopene content in tomato, comprising: the seeds are sequentially soaked in borax water, a pullulan aqueous solution and a citric acid chelated copper aqueous solution, then electric field treatment is carried out, and after sowing, synthesis and accumulation of lycopene can be promoted, and the yield of tomatoes is increased. In the two prior art, after the seeds are treated, the seeds need to grow and develop into plants and also need to undergo a long growth process, and during the growth period, more environmental factors which possibly influence the growth condition of the plants and the fruit quality exist, such as moisture, fertilizer, temperature and the like, so that the effect of improving the content of lycopene in tomato fruits is difficult to determine, and the influence on the rest quality of the fruits is unclear; and the process of treating seeds is very complicated, the conditions of the used solution, magnetic field, electric field and the like are not common, and the treatment conditions are harsh, so the method is not beneficial to popularization and use.

Magnesium is one of essential nutrient elements required for crop growth, is regarded as a fourth major nutrient element essential for plant growth after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by soil fertility, and accounts for about 0.1-0.5% of plants, and is equivalent to phosphorus content (landingling, 1994; wanghong, 1999). Magnesium is involved in important physiological processes in plants, such as photosynthesis and carbohydrate distribution, is a very active component in metabolism, is also an essential element constituting various enzymes, and is also involved in the formation of proteins and starches (cao ko, 2003 chen et al, 2018. The magnesium content in soil in China is gradually reduced from north to south and from west to east, and a large number of research results show that the phenomenon of magnesium deficiency commonly exists in crops in south China; although the concentration of magnesium in soil in north is relatively high, the phenomenon of magnesium deficiency in north crops is also becoming more severe due to the fact that very prominent irrational fertilization in actual agricultural production interferes with the absorption of magnesium by plants and the loss of magnesium leaching caused by frequent irrigation of facility cultivation (baiyu et al, shaul,2002 granee and fuhrs, 2013. In recent years, magnesium has been increasingly regarded as a nutrient element essential for plant growth, and research on magnesium fertilizers has been increased, but most magnesium application tests aim to relieve the symptom of magnesium deficiency of crops, and research on quality and maturation time, which are important evaluation indexes affecting crop fruits by applying magnesium fertilizers to leaf surfaces of crops, is few. Although the previous researches on the coloring condition of fruits such as litchis, oranges, peaches and the like influenced by magnesium fertilizer, the related mechanism is not deeply discussed.

For example, CN104355822A discloses a tomato special yield increasing fertilizer, which comprises 5 parts of plant lactobacillus bacterial liquid, 30-50 parts of dry pig manure, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 30-40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extraction residues, 1-5 parts of tomato auxin, 2-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.8 part of ethephon, 0.1-0.5 part of rotenone and 0.3-0.7 part of yeast selenium. Although magnesium sulfate is added into the formula, the formula contains a large amount of other components, the yield increasing effect of the magnesium sulfate is not described prominently, and the action mechanism of the yield increasing of the magnesium sulfate is not disclosed; and the main function of the formula is to increase the yield and weight of individual fruits, and the effect of coloring tomato fruits in advance is not disclosed.

Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the applicant has studied a great deal of literature and patents when making the present invention, but the disclosure is not limited thereto and the details and contents thereof are not listed in detail, it is by no means the present invention has these prior art features, but the present invention has all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a magnesium fertilizer which at least comprises 0.5 to 2 mass percent of magnesium ions and water. The magnesium fertilizer has the advantages of simple formula, easily obtained materials, low use cost, simple preparation and use methods and good use effect. The magnesium fertilizer can advance the tomato coloring time, promote the tomatoes to synthesize ethylene, improve the taste and quality of the tomatoes and assist the tomatoes in being popularized and sold.

According to a preferred embodiment, the concentration of magnesium ions is 1%.

According to a preferred embodiment, the source of magnesium ions is magnesium sulphate.

The invention also provides a method for changing the ethylene content of the tomato in the color transition period, which comprises the following steps:

and respectively spraying the magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes.

According to a preferred embodiment, the magnesium fertilizer increases the ethylene content and effect of tomato in the tomato color transition stage by increasing the gene expression levels of ACC synthase ACS2/4, ethylene receptor ETR1/4, primary transcription factor EIN3/EIL3 and secondary transcription factor ERF1 in the tomato color transition stage.

According to a preferred embodiment, the magnesium fertilizer is capable of increasing the beneficial components in tomatoes: the contents of lycopene, vc, soluble solid, sugar, protein, total amino acid and the like reduce adverse ingredients influencing the taste of the tomatoes: the acid and starch content can be titrated.

According to a preferred embodiment, the magnesium fertilizer is capable of increasing the fruit yield of tomatoes and advancing the time for coloring the tomato fruits.

The invention also discloses a use method of the magnesium fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period of the tomatoes;

the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the fruit expanding period of the tomatoes;

the spraying agent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the fruit color-changing period of the tomatoes.

The invention also discloses a tomato planting method, which at least comprises the following steps:

spraying the magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period of the tomatoes;

spraying the magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the fruit expansion period of the tomatoes;

and spraying the magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the fruit color-changing period of the tomatoes.

The fruiting period of the tomatoes is that vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out simultaneously, and in order to ensure the plants of the tomatoes to grow robustly and improve the overall yield, fruit growers often remove the first cluster of fruits to ensure that nutrition is used for ensuring the full development of the tomato plants, so that the two clusters of fruits as the first commercial fruit are very important for coming into the market and benefiting the market at an early date.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in tomato planting.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer to improvement of lycopene in tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the tomato yield.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving tomato quality.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in promoting tomatoes to generate ethylene.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in advance fruit coloring.

On the other hand, the invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the Vc content of tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the content of soluble solids of tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the sugar content of the tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the protein content of the tomato.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in improving the total amino acid content of tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in reducing the titratable acid content of tomatoes.

The invention also discloses application of the magnesium fertilizer in reducing the starch content of the tomatoes.

The application provides a specific magnesium fertilizer and an application method, application types, application time and concentration thereof, and proves that the method can improve the quality index of crops, particularly the content of lycopene, and the increment reaches 65.3%; in addition, the magnesium fertilizer changes the ethylene content of the fruits by changing the expression of some pathway genes of the fruits, promotes the fruits to be colored and mature in advance, enables the tomatoes to come into the market 3-4 days in advance and improves the economic benefit of fruit growers.

Drawings

FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphs showing the effect of applying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on tomato coloring during a critical period;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on tomato yield during a critical period;

FIG. 4 is a result chart of the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the lycopene content in tomato fruits in a critical period;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the Vc content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the soluble solids content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the soluble sugar content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the soluble protein content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of applying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on total amino acid content of tomatoes during a critical period;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the titratable acid content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the starch content of tomato during a critical period;

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of applying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the ethylene content of tomatoes in a critical period;

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of ACS2 gene in the ethylene pathway of tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of ACS4 gene in the ethylene pathway of tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of the ETR1 gene in the ethylene pathway of tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of the ETR4 gene in the ethylene pathway of tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of the ethylene pathway EIN3 gene in tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 18 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of the EIL3 gene in the ethylene pathway of tomato in a critical period;

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the effect of spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer on the relative expression of tomato ethylene pathway ERF1 gene in a critical period.

Detailed Description

This is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-19.

Example 1

Magnesium is used as an activator of chlorophyll components and various enzymes, and is involved in photosynthesis of crops and metabolism of sugars, proteins, fats and the like in vivo. Magnesium has the functions of promoting crop growth, increasing crop yield, improving product quality and the like. The tomato often has the symptom of magnesium deficiency in the later growth stage, the magnesium deficiency can damage the transportation and conduction tissues of the photosynthetic products transferred from the leaves to the root tips and the stem tips in the phloem of the crops, the lignification degree of the transportation and conduction tissues in the roots and the stems is deepened, the transportation of the photosynthetic products to the root systems is influenced, and the accumulation of organic matters in the leaves is caused; causing the root absorption capacity to be weakened, further influencing the absorption of other nutrient elements and influencing the yield of the tomatoes and the quality of the fruits. Therefore, magnesium fertilizer is required to be applied additionally in the later growth stage of the tomatoes so as to promote the tomato fruit bearing.

In the growth cycle of the cherry tomatoes, the fruit setting period is a key period for the parallel vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants, at the moment, the good nutritional status is favorable for the reproductive growth, the bud quality and the fruit setting rate are improved, and the magnesium absorption amount of the tomato plants is gradually increased at the stage; the expansion period is a fruit rapid development period, the magnesium demand is large, and exogenous supplementation meets the high magnesium demand of plants and promotes the assimilation products to be transported to fruits; the fruit in the color transition stage is gradually mature, the internal nutrient substances are rapidly accumulated, and particularly, lycopene is produced in a large amount. It was found that tomato absorption rate rapidly increased during fruit setting and late ripening, and magnesium absorption accounted for 64.8% of the total absorption (Brooku, 2021). Therefore, the magnesium fertilizer is sprayed in the middle and later growth stages of the tomatoes, such as the fruit setting stage, the fruit expanding stage and the color changing stage, so that the method plays a vital role in the growth of tomato plants and the improvement of fruit commodity quality. The stalk part of the tomato has the highest magnesium content in the vegetative growth phase of the tomato, and the leaf part of the tomato has the highest magnesium content in the reproductive growth phase of the tomato, and the differences are very obvious (Chenxiyu, 1994). Therefore, the magnesium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the tomato reproductive growth period, so that the magnesium element can be more quickly supplemented to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes, and the tomato reproductive growth is promoted.

The embodiment provides a magnesium fertilizer, which comprises 1% of magnesium ions and the balance of water. Preferably, the source of magnesium ions is magnesium sulfate.

The magnesium fertilizer is prepared by the following method: weighing 10g of magnesium sulfate, adding the magnesium sulfate into 800mL of distilled water, and fixing the volume to 1000mL to obtain the liquid magnesium fertilizer.

The application method of the magnesium fertilizer comprises the following steps: and respectively spraying a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes. Preferably, the amount sprayed is 1g magnesium sulfate per plant. Preferably, the tomato is a hybrid tomato.

The specific test process of applying the magnesium fertilizer to tomato planting is as follows:

1. materials and methods

A place: resource and environment college greenhouse of Chinese agriculture university.

Tomato variety: red cherry tomatoes. The seeds were purchased from Beijing research and agriculture (Beijing) seed science and technology Co.

1.1 under normal fertilization conditions the following treatments were carried out:

(1) Treatment 1: spraying clear water, 100mL per plant;

(2) And (3) treatment 2: spraying 1% magnesium sulfate fertilizer, adding 0.02% surfactant triton (X100) or organic silicon as adjuvant, 100 mL/plant.

Spraying is carried out in the following period: (a) period 1: the fruit setting period of two clusters of fruits of the tomato, namely more than 50 percent of the fruits of the two clusters of fruits are set (about 53 days after planting); (b): period 2: the expansion period of the second cluster fruits of the tomatoes is that more than 50% of the second cluster fruits can be expanded by naked eyes (about 70 days after planting); (c) period 3: and (3) the color change period of the second cluster fruits of the tomatoes, namely more than 50% of the second cluster fruits change color (about 89d after planting).

And (5) topping the three-spike fruits.

And (3) harvesting period: and (3) in the mature period of the second ear of tomato, namely more than 80% of fruits in the second ear of tomato are completely mature (about 105 days after planting). Biological repetition: 7 (i.e. n = 7).

And (4) pot experiment, adopting random block design.

The tomato begins to appear the symptom of lack of magnesium in the second ear of fruit expanding period, therefore apply magnesium fertilizer in the second ear of fruit setting period of tomato and can in time supply tomato plant and the required nutrient element of fruit growth, improve the photosynthesis efficiency of blade, promote the fruit growth to expand to increase the output of tomato and promote the fruit quality of tomato.

2. Results and analysis

2.1 phenotypic analysis

The coloring and ripening conditions of the tomato tassels after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilizing conditions are analyzed. As shown in fig. 1-2, the number of stained fruits at the time of harvesting was increased 77.8% for tomato tassel fruit sprayed with 1% magnesium sulfate compared to the control; when the ratio of the discolored fruit number of the second ear fruits to the total number of the second ear fruits in the growth period is analyzed, the discoloring time of the magnesium-treated (Mg) second ear fruits is 3-4 days earlier than that of the Control (CK). The prominent effect of magnesium in promoting early coloring of tomato fruits is verified by multiple batches of tomato magnesium spraying experiments of cherry tomatoes and fresh and bright pink fruits.

2.2 analysis of yields

The yield of tomatoes sprayed with magnesium sulfate at different periods under normal fertilizing conditions was analyzed. As shown in the results of fig. 3, it can be seen that the tomato yield is significantly increased by 12.8% after 1% magnesium sulfate is sprayed.

2.3 lycopene content analysis

And analyzing the lycopene content of the second tomato ear after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions. The results are shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from the figure that the lycopene content of the second ear of tomato is significantly increased by 65.3% compared with the control after spraying 1% magnesium sulfate.

The main production processes of lycopene include microbial fermentation, chemical synthesis and extraction. The extraction method is to extract lycopene from fresh tomatoes, and the natural extraction method has low yield and high price and cannot meet the requirements because the content of lycopene in the tomatoes is very low. The method of the embodiment can improve the lycopene content of the second cluster fruits of tomatoes, improve the yield of a natural extraction method, reduce the extraction price and promote the technical progress of the natural extraction method for producing lycopene.

2.4 analysis of tomato Vc content

And the Vc content of the two-ear tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The results are shown in fig. 5, and after spraying 1% magnesium sulfate, the Vc content of the second ear of tomato is significantly increased by 11.0% compared with the control.

2.5 soluble solids content analysis

And analyzing the content of soluble solids of the second ear of tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilizing conditions. The result is shown in fig. 6, after 1% magnesium sulfate is sprayed, the soluble solid content of the second cluster of tomato is obviously improved by 17.8% compared with the control.

2.6 soluble sugar content analysis

And analyzing the content of soluble sugar in the second cluster of tomato fruits after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed in different periods under normal fertilizing conditions. The results are shown in FIG. 7: compared with the control, after 1% of magnesium sulfate is sprayed, the soluble sugar content of the tomato second ear fruits is obviously increased by 23.0%.

2.7 soluble protein content analysis

The soluble protein content of the second ear tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The results are shown in fig. 8, and the spraying of 1% magnesium sulfate significantly increased the soluble protein content of the tomato tassel fruit by 25.3% compared to the control.

2.8 analysis of Total amino acid content

The total amino acid content of the two-ear tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The results are shown in FIG. 9: the spraying treatment of 1% magnesium sulfate can obviously increase the total amino acid content of the second-ear tomato fruit by 25.3%.

2.9 titratable acid content analysis

The titratable acid content of the second ear tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The test results are shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen that after 1% magnesium sulfate is sprayed, the titratable acid content of the tomato ears is significantly reduced by 9.1% compared with the control.

2.10 analysis of starch content

The starch content of the second ear of tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The results are shown in fig. 11, after spraying 1% magnesium sulfate, the starch content of the tomato tassel fruit is significantly reduced by 11.4% compared to the control.

2.11 ethylene content analysis

The ethylene content of the two-ear tomato after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under normal fertilization conditions is analyzed. The results are shown in fig. 12, and after spraying 1% magnesium sulfate, the ethylene content of the second ear of tomato was significantly increased by 96.9% compared to the control.

2.12 ethylene pathway Gene analysis

The ethylene pathway gene expression condition of the tomato with two ears after the magnesium sulfate is sprayed at different periods under the normal fertilization condition is analyzed. The results are shown in fig. 13-fig. 19, after spraying 1% magnesium sulfate, the expression level of the ethylene pathway gene ACS2 of the tomato cluster fruit is increased by 31.0 times, ACS4 is increased by 15.0 times, ETR1 is increased by 0.7 times, ETR4 is increased by 1.8 times, EIN3 is increased by 0.7 times, EIL3 is increased by 0.7 times, and ERF1 is increased by 8.8 times.

ACS2 and ACS4 belong to ACC synthase genes, which are important genes in the ethylene synthesis pathway, and the translated products after transcription are used to catalyze the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) into 5'-methylthioadenosine (5' -methylthioadenosine, MTA) and aminocyclopropane carboxylic Acid (ACC), which is used to further synthesize ethylene. The expression quantity of ACS2 is increased, so that the magnesium fertilizer promotes tomatoes to synthesize ethylene, and the tomatoes mature.

The increase of the expression levels of the ethylene signaling primary transcription factors EIN3 and EIL3 and the secondary transcription factor ERF1 of the tomato after the application of the magnesium fertilizer indicates that: the application of the magnesium fertilizer can further activate the ethylene signal path of the tomato.

The increased expression of the ethylene receptors ETR1 and ETR4 in tomatoes after application of magnesium fertilizer indicates that: the response of the tomatoes to ethylene is increased after the magnesium fertilizer is applied, and the fact that the application of the magnesium fertilizer promotes the tomatoes to mature is further proved.

In conclusion, the tomato is sprayed with magnesium sulfate at different periods under normal fertilization conditions, so that an ethylene synthesis pathway of the tomato can be enhanced and activated, endogenous ethylene synthesis of the tomato is promoted, the response of the tomato to the synthesized ethylene is improved, and further the tomato coloring period is advanced and the tomato fruit quality is improved.

Example 2

In the embodiment, the application of the magnesium fertilizer for improving the lycopene in the tomatoes is provided, and the magnesium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit swelling period and the fruit color transition period of the tomatoes respectively in a proper amount. Preferably, the amount sprayed is 1g magnesium sulfate per plant. Preferably, the tomato is a hybrid tomato.

The magnesium fertilizer can improve the content of lycopene in the two-spike tomato, improve the yield of a natural extraction method, reduce the extraction price, promote the technical progress of the natural extraction method for producing the lycopene and promote the application of the lycopene.

Example 3

This example provides the use of magnesium fertilizer to increase tomato yield as described above. Proper magnesium fertilizer is respectively sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the yield of the tomatoes is remarkably improved by 12.8 percent.

Example 4

This example provides the use of a magnesium fertilizer as described above to improve tomato quality. Proper magnesium fertilizers are respectively sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the fruit quality of the tomatoes can be improved, and the beneficial ingredients in the tomatoes are increased: the contents of lycopene, vc, soluble solid matters, sugar, protein, total amino acid and the like reduce the adverse components influencing the taste of the tomatoes: acid and starch content.

Example 5

This example provides the use of a magnesium fertilizer to promote the production of tomato ethylene as described above. Proper magnesium fertilizers are respectively sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes can be remarkably promoted to generate ethylene, the response of the tomatoes to the ethylene is enhanced, the coloring period of the tomatoes is further advanced for 3-4 days, and the fruit quality of the tomatoes is improved.

Example 6

This example provides the application of magnesium fertilizer to increase the Vc content of tomatoes as described above. Proper magnesium fertilizer is respectively sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the Vc content of the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes can be obviously increased by 11.0%.

Example 7

This example provides the use of a magnesium fertilizer to increase the soluble solids content of tomatoes as described above. Proper magnesium fertilizers are respectively sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the soluble solid content of the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes can be obviously improved by 17.8 percent.

Example 8

This example provides the use of magnesium fertilizer to increase the sugar content of tomatoes as described above. Proper magnesium fertilizers are respectively sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, so that the soluble sugar content of the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes can be obviously increased by 23.0%.

Example 9

This example provides the use of magnesium fertilizer to increase the protein content of tomatoes as described above. And respectively spraying a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expansion period and the fruit color-changing period of the tomatoes, wherein the content of soluble protein of the tomatoes is obviously improved by 25.3 percent after the magnesium fertilizer is applied.

Example 10

This example provides the use of magnesium fertilizer to increase the total amino acid content of tomatoes as described above. And respectively spraying a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting period, the fruit expansion period and the fruit color-changing period of the tomatoes, wherein the total amino acid content of the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes is obviously increased by 25.3 percent after the magnesium fertilizer is applied.

Example 11

This example provides the use of a magnesium fertilizer to reduce the acid content of tomatoes as described above. And respectively spraying a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-spike fruit setting stage, the fruit expansion stage and the fruit color changing stage of the tomatoes, wherein the titratable acid content of the two-spike fruits of the tomatoes after the magnesium fertilizer is applied is obviously reduced by 9.1 percent compared with that of a control.

Example 12

This example provides the use of a magnesium fertilizer as described previously to reduce the starch content of tomatoes. And respectively spraying a proper amount of magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in the two-ear fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, wherein the starch content of the two-ear fruits of the tomatoes is remarkably reduced by 11.4% compared with that of the control after the magnesium fertilizer is applied.

Example 13

The embodiment discloses a method for using the magnesium fertilizer as described in example 1: spraying a magnesium sulfate fertilizer with a first concentration in a second cluster fruit setting period of the tomatoes; spraying a magnesium sulfate fertilizer with a second concentration in the fruit expansion period of the tomatoes; and spraying a magnesium sulfate fertilizer with a third concentration in the fruit color-changing period of the tomatoes. Preferably, the first concentration is less than the second concentration. Preferably, the third concentration is less than the second concentration and greater than the first concentration.

The inventor finds that the application of the magnesium fertilizer with the concentration in the two-ear fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit color changing period of the tomatoes can promote the growth of tomato plants while maintaining the quality of the two-ear fruits of the tomatoes, and is beneficial to the development of the following three-ear fruits.

Preferably, the mass fraction of the first concentration is 1%, the mass fraction of the second concentration is 1.5%, and the mass fraction of the third concentration is 1.2%. The application of the magnesium fertilizer with the concentration in the three periods of the tomato can increase the content of lycopene in the three pre-tomato fruits by 5 percent compared with the application of the magnesium fertilizer with the same concentration.

The inventor analyzes that the specific reason can be: during the period from the fruit setting period to the fruit expanding period of the tomatoes, along with the gradual enhancement of reproductive growth, the effect of promoting the fruit growth can be ensured by gradually increasing the spraying concentration of the magnesium fertilizer.

In the color change period of the tomato, because the growth vigor of the plants begins to weaken, the seedlings and leaves are promoted by using a multi-purpose fertilizer for promoting the growth of stems and leaves, so that the vegetative growth of the tomato plants is gradually recovered, the reproductive growth of the tomato plants is gradually weakened, and the demand of magnesium ions is slightly reduced compared with the fruit expansion period.

Preferably, the application method of the embodiment further comprises the step of prolonging the interval time of fertilizer spraying in continuous cloudy days, and spraying at least 17 days, so as to avoid that tomato plants are susceptible to diseases due to the fact that foliar fertilizer is sprayed to increase air humidity.

Preferably, the magnesium sulphate fertilizer of the present application can also be used in combination with an adjuvant for promoting the retention of the magnesium fertilizer on the foliage of tomatoes. Preferably, the adjuvant may be a silicone whose main component is a polyether modified trisiloxane compound (TSS). Preferably, the concentration of the added organic silicon additive in the magnesium fertilizer is 0.015-0.1% by mass.

Preferably, the adding concentrations of the magnesium fertilizer auxiliary agent in the fruit setting period, the expanding period and the color changing period of the tomatoes are a fourth concentration, a fifth concentration and a sixth concentration in sequence. Preferably, based on the above findings of the inventor, the fourth concentration, the fifth concentration and the sixth concentration are set to be less than the fifth concentration, and the sixth concentration is less than the fifth concentration and greater than the fourth concentration, so that the concentration change of the auxiliary agent is consistent with the requirement of the tomato for magnesium element in the second cluster fruit setting period, the fruit expansion period and the fruit color turning period, the content of the auxiliary agent is reduced to reduce the retention amount of magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomato, and the risk of increasing the probability of phytotoxicity of the tomato due to the addition of the auxiliary agent is reduced.

Preferably, the fourth concentration mass fraction is 0.018%, the fifth concentration mass fraction is 0.05%, and the sixth concentration mass fraction is 0.035%. The stay amount of the magnesium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes is more, the utilization rate is higher, and meanwhile, the tomatoes have no phytotoxicity.

Preferably, the method of use of this embodiment further comprises replenishing the spray application in the event of rainfall within 3-4 hours after the spray application.

Preferably, the adjuvant may also be triton (X100). The adding concentrations of the triton (X100) auxiliary agent in the magnesium fertilizer sprayed in the fruit setting period, the expanding period and the color conversion period of the tomatoes are a seventh concentration, an eighth concentration and a ninth concentration in sequence. Preferably, based on the above findings of the inventors, the seventh concentration, the eighth concentration and the ninth concentration are set such that the seventh concentration is less than the eighth concentration, and the ninth concentration is less than the eighth concentration and greater than the seventh concentration, so that the concentration change of the auxiliary agent is consistent with the demand of the tomato for magnesium element in the second ear fruit setting period, the fruit enlargement period and the fruit color transition period.

Preferably, the mass fraction of the seventh concentration is 0.01%, the mass fraction of the eighth concentration is 0.02%, and the mass fraction of the ninth concentration is 0.015%. The retention amount of the magnesium fertilizer on the tomato leaf surfaces and the utilization rate of the magnesium fertilizer are increased, and meanwhile, the tomato has no phytotoxicity.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present description contains several inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", each indicating that the respective paragraph discloses a separate concept, the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept. Throughout this document, the features referred to as "preferably" are only an optional feature and should not be understood as necessarily requiring that such applicant reserves the right to disclaim or delete the associated preferred feature at any time.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the ethylene content in the color transition period of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and respectively spraying magnesium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes in a two-spike fruit setting period, a fruit expanding period and a fruit color changing period of the tomatoes, wherein the magnesium fertilizer comprises a magnesium sulfate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1%.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ethylene content and effect in tomato trans-color stage are increased by increasing the gene expression levels of ACS synthase ACS2/4, ethylene receptor ETR1/4, primary transcription factor EIN3/EIL3, and secondary transcription factor ERF1 in tomato trans-color stage.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: can increase the content of at least one of the following beneficial ingredients in the tomato: lycopene, vc, soluble solid matters, soluble sugar, soluble protein and total amino acid; the content of titratable acid and starch is reduced.