CN110036822A - The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom - Google Patents
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036822A CN110036822A CN201910216164.0A CN201910216164A CN110036822A CN 110036822 A CN110036822 A CN 110036822A CN 201910216164 A CN201910216164 A CN 201910216164A CN 110036822 A CN110036822 A CN 110036822A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, belong to mushroom cultivation field.The present invention includes the following steps: that (1) mango twig powder pre-processes；(2) spice；(3) it packs；(4) it sterilizes；(5) cool down；(6) it is inoculated with；(7) bacteria；(8) outer bag is taken off；(9) acanthopore；(10) management of producing mushroom；(11) it harvests.The present invention is to utilize discarded mango branch cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom; while developing novel edible bacteria cultivation raw material, the cyclic utilization of waste, effective protection ecological environment are realized; in addition with kind, the characteristic of selenium-rich, the combination of mushroom industry and the big industry of mango is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mushroom cultivation fields, and in particular to the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom.
Background technique
Mushroom (scientific name: Lentinus edodes) also known as dried mushroom, mushroom, north mushroom, thick mushroom, thin mushroom, flower mushroom, vertebra young pilose antler are
The fructification of Pleurotaceae plant mushroom is one of second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom and China's specialty.Mushroom is that one kind is grown in wood
Fungi on material, delicious flavour, fragrance make people mentally refreshing is full of nutrition, is a kind of good traditional edible fungus.Mushroom is rich in vitamin
B groups, it is iron, potassium, provitamin D (vitamin D is changed into after solarization), sweet in flavor, it is mild-natured, cure mainly appetite stimulator, few gas is out of strength.
Fresh and dried mushroom is widely used in Chinese dishes.The leading soaked hair of dried thin mushroom need to be made when culinary art；In plain three delicacies, mushroom
Often it is used as therein one fresh appearance；In vegetarian food, mushroom is also one of important source material.Mushroom is known as the title of the king of mountain delicacy, is
The nutritional health food of high protein, low fat.Chinese dynasties physician has famous discussion to mushroom.With modern medicine and battalion
Feeding to learn the research that deepens continuously, the medical value of mushroom is also constantly exploited.Quantitative Determination of Ergosterol is very high in mushroom, to prevention and treatment rickets
It is sick effective；Lentinan (β -1,3 glucans) can enhance cell immunocompetent, to inhibit the growth of cancer cell；Mushroom contains
More than 40 kinds of enzymes of six big enzymes, can correct human chitinase deficiency disease；Fatty institute's fatty acids in mushroom reduce blood lipid to human body
It is beneficial.
Mango is a kind of very popular fruit, and pulp is fine and smooth, unique flavor, rich in a large amount of needed by human body in mango
Sugar, protein, vitamins and other nutritious components are known as the good reputation of " tropical fruit king ".Baise of Guangxi has the mango of more than 120 ten thousand mu of areas
Garden, and be continuously increased in recent years.Mango will generate Pruning Away Branches 100- because growth needs to be both needed to trim branch every year per acre
150KG, discarded mango branch after a large amount of trimmings or is deposited in orchard, or burned processing, is not located in very well
Reason and utilization, pollution environment easily cause disease pest to breed again, the actually puzzlement in orchard.
Mushroom is the rotten class fungi of more stringent wood, and cultivating champignon generally uses weed tree sawdust as primary raw material, needs
Cut down more trees.With raising of the people to health requirements and the understanding to edible mushroom, Edible Fungi Industry Development is rapid, city
Field increasingly increases the demand of Liginon Resource, and deforestation is on the rise, and large stretch of ecosystem is destroyed, and leads to edible mushroom
Contradiction is increasingly sharpened between the development and ecological protection of industry.Since last century Mo, with the enhancing of environmental consciousness, forest money has been protected
Source, the implementation for forbidding the policies such as indiscriminate felling of trees, Liginon Resource are reduced rapidly, while also resulting in the tight of edible fungus culturing raw material
Weight shortage.To guarantee the long-acting sustainable development of mushroom industry, the new resources for developing culturing edible fungus become research heat new at present
It is imperative to carry out substituting stuff cultivation edible mushroom using fine wood element resource for point.
Selenium, referred to as " Promethean fire ", " king of anticancer " and " patron saint of heart " and " natural antidote ", human body is long
Phase selenium deficiency or low selenium can cause more than 40 diseases, and appropriate supplement can effectively improve human body immunocompetence.Selenium is a kind of humans and animals
Necessary microelement has and removes the life such as anti-oxidant free radical, anti-aging, anticancer, strengthen immunity, antagonism heavy metal
Object characteristic.It is 50-250 μ g that human body day selenium intake is recommended by Chinese Soclety of Nutrition.Human body selenium source mainly by dietary int ake, but
The average day selenium intake of China adult only has 17-32 μ g or so, and therefore, the bad situation of selemium nutrition is generally existing in China.
The data that WHO is announced also indicates that the whole world has a country more than 40 to belong to low selenium or selenium deficiency area.Selenium-rich agricultural and sideline product is human body supplement
Selenium element effective way, therefore, the exploitation of Se-rich farm products are the hot spots of current research and development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method using mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, this method is using discarded
Mango branch cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom realizes the cyclic utilization of waste, effective protection while developing novel edible bacteria cultivation raw material
Ecological environment realizes the combination of mushroom industry and the big industry of mango in addition with kind, the characteristic of selenium-rich.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Mushroom factory production process: stock-spice-pack-sterilizing-cooling-inoculation-bacteria-management of producing mushroom-harvesting-
Process (drying)-sale；It is specific as follows:
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, includes the following steps:
(1) mango twig powder pre-processes: magnesia being added in mango twig powder, the additional amount of the magnesia is mango
The 0.5-0.8% of twig powder weight obtains mixture after mixing evenly, and leaching processing water I accumulates after being prewetted, and mixture is kept to contain
Water is 45-50%, and daily stirring is primary, and bottom material is translated into top, after 3-4 days, after leaching processing water II is prewetted again
Accumulation, holding mixture moisture content are 58-60%, and every two days stirrings are primary, and bottom material is translated into top, dry after 4-5 days,
Dry sawdust is obtained, it is spare；
The processing water I is that ferrous sulfate is added to the water to mixing gained, and the mass ratio of the ferrous sulfate and water is
0.2-0.5:100；
The processing water II is that quick lime, plant ash are added to the water to mixing gained, the quick lime, plant ash, water
Mass ratio is 1-1.5:1-2:100；
(2) spice: after dry sawdust is stirred 5-10 minutes, being added wheat bran, gypsum, conch meal, selenium fertilizer, mix well, then
Add water-wet to mix 10-15 minutes, obtains compost, the Compost moisture content control is in 55%-60%, and pH value 6-6.5, pH value is not
It is then adjusted using gypsum or lime in range；Selenium content is no less than 20ppm in the compost；
(3) it packs: after spice is uniform, pack is completed within 4 hours；Sawdust humidity is uneven, and it is not thorough to will lead to sterilizing
Bottom also will affect yield, easy to pollute, and it is in order to avoid there are the above feelings in certain time pack that mycelia is uneven, slow growth
Condition；
(4) sterilize: in 100-126 DEG C sterilizing 4-36 hours, after sterilizing compost moisture content decline 2%-5%；
(5) cool down: bacterium bag central temperature be reduced to 26 DEG C hereinafter, being inoculated with；
(6) be inoculated with: the room temperature for being inoculated with area is set as 18 DEG C, and it is small with one evening of alcohol soaking disinfection or 12 that inoculation device is inoculated with component
When more than, restart inoculation device inoculation, package inoculation bag with outer bagging after the completion of inoculation and transmit toward culturing room；
(7) bacteria: inoculation bag starts bacteria after being sent to culturing room, and it is as follows that culturing room controls temperature: set 22 DEG C within first 7 days,
24 DEG C are set within 8-15 days, sets within 16-23 days 22 DEG C, sets within 24-31 days 22 DEG C, sets within 32-39 days 20 DEG C, setting 20 in 40-50 days
DEG C, set 18 DEG C within 50-60 days；
(8) take off outer bag: mycelium germination phase room temperature is controlled at 25-28 DEG C, can be sloughed when mycelia grows to 8cm or more
Bagging, and put in intersecting parallels, every row stays ventilating duct；
(9) acanthopore: being to use in 26 DEG C of bacterium bag management below in temperature, in the bag of bacterium bag acanthopore with the outer temperature difference 3-5 of bag
℃；
Acanthopore has the oxygenation effect for promoting mycelia growth, for promoting the adjusting of control cultivating in a fungus bag time.After acanthopore from
Warming phenomenon promotes to grow condition of providing convenience for low temperature season bacterium bag.But heating up certainly for bacterium bag acanthopore, 26 should be limited in
It is applied in DEG C bacterium bag management below, with outer 3-5 DEG C or so of the temperature difference of bag in the bag of bacterium bag acanthopore, could preferably guarantee to promote in this way
Growth.So temperature should be looked over one's shoulder after acanthopore.
First time acanthopore: when cenobium diameter 8-10cm, with the nail acanthopore of 3-5mm, the positional distance cenobium edge of acanthopore
Greater than 2cm, pitch-row 2-3cm, hole depth 2cm；
Second of acanthopore: it after mycelium covers with full bag, is carried out when knob reaches 60% or more of whole bag in bag second
Acanthopore, acanthopore stick are the long cone of diameter 0.5cm round shape, uniform acanthopore, depth 4-6cm, can not be pierced to wearing；
(10) management of producing mushroom: after there is the appearance of mushroom flower bud on bacterium bag surface, the temperature cultivated in canopy is maintained at 10-23 DEG C；
(11) harvest: the expansion of mushroom auricle, bacterium bag are felt like jelly obviously, can be harvested.
Further, in step (1), the mango twig powder preprocessing process, which is maintained in 40-50 DEG C of environment, to be carried out.
Further, in step (1), the mango twig powder is to be made by mango branch through crushing, the mango branch
The piece diameter of bits is 3-8 millimeters, water content 15-20%.
Further, in step (2), the control of the Compost moisture content is as follows: spring planting water content is 55%-57%,
It is 58%-60% that autumn, which plants water content,.
Further, in step (2), the raw material of the compost is as follows according to parts by weight: dry sawdust 75-80 parts, bran
10-15 parts of skin, 1-1.5 parts of gypsum, 5-10 parts of conch meal.
Further, in step (9), second of acanthopore is according to ￠ 15 × 58 (diameter × sack length of sack) specification
Sack, whole bag are subject to 65-75 hole.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention is using discarded mango branch cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, real while developing novel edible bacteria cultivation raw material
The existing cyclic utilization of waste, effective protection ecological environment.Through inventor the study found that since mango is the tree species of Anacardiaceae,
Containing substances such as laccol, catechol, tannic acid, gallic acid, laccase, lacquer tree Su, Mango acid, it can obviously inhibit hypha of edible fungus
Growth.So will affect mushroom production if directly using mango twig powder mushroom culture.The present invention first to mango twig powder into
Row pretreatment cooperates magnesia using the processing water II made of quick lime, plant ash, can remove the tannin in mango twig powder
Acid, gallic acid etc.；Catechol, laccol etc. can be removed using processing water I made of ferrous sulfate；By the pre- of certain technique
Processing can reduce the substance for inhibiting mycelia growth in even removal mango twig powder, be made with mango twig powder after processing
Bacterium bag mushroom culture, fruiting is neat, and change of tide is fast (period is short), and bacterium bag is at low cost.In addition, the present invention is in processing mango twig powder
During, no chemical agent uses, the pollution of no industry oil (gasoline, diesel oil, machine oil), the mushroom mouthfeel cultivated without
Bitter, puckery, pungent guarantees the good taste and health of mushroom.The present invention is by that largely using discarded mango branch, can not only recycle benefit
With resource, cultivation cost, and its new resources that can be used as culturing edible fungus are reduced, it is seriously short to can solve edible fungus culturing raw material
Scarce problem guarantees the long-acting sustainable development of mushroom industry.
2, the production model of current mushroom is that sawdust, wheat bran, quick lime, gypsum etc. are fitted into polybag, by sterilizing,
After inoculation, annesl, bacteria stick is placed on the ridge-up bed of ground to or is carried out on frame bed management of producing mushroom.But in the course of cultivation, side
Method selection, the raw material of cultivation and management are most important, and the use of raw material and proportion relation, moisture content control, bacterium in cultivation
Discharge, temperature control of bag etc. all significantly affect the yield of mushroom.Item needed for germination and growth of the present invention to mushroom each period
Part is furtherd investigate, and is adjusted by the cultivation parameter to each step and stringent control, can not only ensure the production of mushroom
Amount is high, quality is good, and by the application of selenium fertilizer, can guarantee that the mushroom Se content of output is high, improve product quality, be selenium-rich
Agricultural product increase new varieties, make consumer that can also supplement selenium element while enjoying delicious, reduce the bad phenomenon of selemium nutrition.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, includes the following steps:
(1) mango twig powder pre-processes: magnesia being added in mango twig powder, the additional amount of the magnesia is mango
The 0.6% of twig powder weight obtains mixture after mixing evenly, and after mixture accumulation, leaching processing water I prewets, and keeps mixing
Material water content is 45-50%, and daily stirring is primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and after 3 days, leaching processing water II is prewetted again,
Holding mixture moisture content is 58-60%, and every two days stirrings are primary, and bottom material is translated into top, dry after 5 days, is obtained aqueous
Amount is the dry sawdust of 15-20%, spare；
The mango twig powder preprocessing process, which is maintained in 40-50 DEG C of environment, to carry out；
The mango twig powder is to be made by mango branch through crushing, and the piece diameter of the mango twig powder is 3-8 millimeters, is contained
Water is 15-20%；
The processing water I is that ferrous sulfate is added to the water to mixing gained, and the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate and water is 0.3:
100；
The processing water II is that quick lime, plant ash are added to the water to mixing gained, the quality of quick lime, plant ash, water
Than for 1.2:1.5:100.
(2) spice: after dry sawdust is stirred 8 minutes, wheat bran, gypsum, conch meal, selenium fertilizer is added, mixes well, adds water
Wet-mixing 15 minutes, compost is obtained, detect Compost moisture content and pH value and carries out registration, the Compost moisture content control exists
55%-60%, specially spring planting water content are 55%-57%, and it is 58%-60% that the autumn, which plants water content,；PH value 6-6.5, the training
Selenium content is 40-50ppm in nutriment；
The raw material of the compost, it is as follows according to parts by weight: 78 parts of dry sawdust, 12 parts of wheat bran, 1.2 parts of gypsum, shell
8 parts of powder.
(3) pack: compost can pack after mixing evenly, and pack is completed within 4 hours, elastic to be suitable for, and ￠ 15 ×
58 4 jin of specification bag fillings.
(4) it sterilizes: sterilizing 36 hours in 100 DEG C of normal pressure, compost moisture decline 2% after sterilizing.
(5) cool down: bacterium bag central temperature be reduced to 26 DEG C hereinafter, being inoculated with.
(6) it is inoculated with: getting out strain before inoculation, and carry out surface sterilization, the drug for being usually used in disinfection has bromogeramine, wine
Essence, inoculation personnel first wash one's hands, and put on clean work clothes, wear cap and mask enters transfer room；It is inoculated with the room temperature setting in area
It is 18 DEG C, inoculation device inoculation component is late with alcohol soaking disinfection one, restarts inoculation device inoculation, with outer bagging set after the completion of inoculation
Good inoculation bag is transmitted toward culturing room.
(7) bacteria: after inoculation bag is sent to culturing room, it is as follows that culturing room controls temperature: setting 22 DEG C, 8-15 days within first 7 days
24 DEG C of setting sets 22 DEG C for 16-23 days, sets within 24-31 days 22 DEG C, sets within 32-39 days 20 DEG C, sets 20 DEG C within 40-50 days, 50-
Set 18 DEG C within 60 days.
(8) take off outer bag: mycelium germination phase temperature is controlled at 25-28 DEG C, and set can be sloughed when mycelia grows to 8cm or more
Bag, and 6 layers are put in intersecting parallels, every row stays the ventilating duct of 30cm, and every 4 row stays the aisle of 35cm wide.Mycelium germination phase temperature is not
It can exceed that 28 DEG C, pay attention to ventilation of room.If room temperature is not achieved 25 DEG C, and it is outdoor higher than room temperature, it can be beaten with daytime
Door window is closed the doors and windows at night.If room temperature is higher than 30 degree DEG C, door and window is shut daytime, indoor electric fan shakes, and blowing increases
Room air is added to circulate；Door and window, ventilation and heat, so as to mycelia healthy growth are opened at night.
(9) acanthopore: being to use in 26 DEG C of bacterium bags below in temperature, in the bag of bacterium bag acanthopore with outer 3-5 DEG C of the temperature difference of bag；
First time acanthopore: being slightly the nail acanthopore of 3-5mm with knitting needle when cenobium diameter 8-10cm, the position of acanthopore away from
It is greater than 2cm from cenobium edge, prevents from piercing cenobium, pitch-row 2-3cm, hole depth 2cm；The appropriate thorniness hole of the partially wet sack of compost；
Second of acanthopore (amplification gas): acanthopore annesl, after mycelium covers with full bag, knob reaches the 60% of whole bag in bag
Second of acanthopore is carried out when above, acanthopore stick is the long cone (chopsticks thickness) of diameter 0.5cm round shape, and uniform acanthopore, whole bag is with about 70
Subject to a hole, hole depth 5cm or so can not be pierced to wearing.
(10) management of producing mushroom: to the middle ten days and the last ten days in November, day and night temperature is gradually widened；Due to the stimulation of the temperature difference, bacterium bag surface
A little mushroom flower bud is had to occur；After there is the appearance of mushroom flower bud on bacterium bag surface, the temperature cultivated in canopy is maintained at 10-23 DEG C.Top layer temperature in canopy
For degree no more than 23 degree, temperature is excessively high to lift film ventilation, covers film when being lower than 10 degree at night.
(11) it harvests: when mushroom maturation, normally behaving as auricle expansion, bacterium bag is felt like jelly obviously, can be harvested at this time, weighs
Afterwards, fresh goods is sold, and freezen protective or drying save.Small fire low temperature is needed when drying mushroom, the temperature inside the box every two hours shakes at 35 degree or so
Move a sieve, it is strong to mushroom surface, heel portion is strong rock it is motionless as absolutely dry.Flower mushroom wants a gas to dry, and midway is ceased fire
Mushroom can deform discoloration, be sealed after drying.
Embodiment 2
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, includes the following steps:
(1) mango twig powder pre-processes: magnesia being added in mango twig powder, the additional amount of the magnesia is mango
The 0.5% of twig powder weight obtains mixture after mixing evenly, and leaching processing water I prewets, and holding mixture moisture content is 45-
50%, daily stirring is primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and after 4 days, leaching processing water II is prewetted again, and mixture is kept to contain
Water is 58-60%, and every two days stirrings are primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and dry after 4 days, obtaining water content is 15-20%
Dry sawdust, it is spare；
The mango twig powder is to be made by mango branch through crushing, and the piece diameter of the mango twig powder is 3-8 millimeters, is contained
Water is 15-20%；
The processing water I is that ferrous sulfate is added to the water to mixing gained, and the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate and water is 0.2:
100；
The processing water II is that quick lime, plant ash are added to the water to mixing gained, the quality of quick lime, plant ash, water
Than for 1:1:100.
(2) spice: after five minutes by the stirring of dry sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, conch meal, selenium fertilizer is added, mixes well, adds water
Wet-mixing 15 minutes, compost is obtained, detect Compost moisture content and pH value and carries out registration, the Compost moisture content control exists
55%-60%, specially spring planting water content are 55%-57%, and it is 58%-60% that the autumn, which plants water content,；PH value 6.0-6.5, it is described
Selenium content 40-50ppm in compost；
The raw material of the compost, it is as follows according to parts by weight: 80 parts of dry sawdust, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of gypsum, shell
10 parts of powder.
(3) pack: compost can pack after mixing evenly, and pack is completed within 4 hours, elastic to be suitable for, and ￠ 15 ×
58 4.2 jin of specification bag fillings.
(4) it sterilizes: sterilizing 6 hours in 124 DEG C of high pressure, compost moisture decline 3% after sterilizing.
Step (5)-(11) are the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, includes the following steps:
(1) mango twig powder pre-processes: magnesia being added in mango twig powder, the additional amount of the magnesia is mango
The 0.8% of twig powder weight obtains mixture after mixing evenly, and leaching processing water I prewets, and holding mixture moisture content is 45-
50%, daily stirring is primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and after 3 days, leaching processing water II is prewetted again, and mixture is kept to contain
Water is 58-60%, and every two days stirrings are primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and dry after 5 days, obtaining water content is 15-20%
Dry sawdust, it is spare；
The mango twig powder is to be made by mango branch through crushing, and the piece diameter of the mango twig powder is 3-8 millimeters, is contained
Water is 15-20%；
The processing water I is that ferrous sulfate is added to the water to mixing gained, and the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate and water is 0.5:
100；
The processing water II is that quick lime, plant ash are added to the water to mixing gained, the quality of quick lime, plant ash, water
Than for 1.5:2:100.
(2) spice: after ten minutes by the stirring of dry sawdust, being added wheat bran, gypsum, conch meal, selenium fertilizer, mix well, then plus
Water-wet is mixed 10 minutes, and compost is obtained, and is detected Compost moisture content and pH value and is carried out registration, the Compost moisture content control
In 55%-60%, specially spring planting water content is 55%-57%, and it is 58%-60% that the autumn, which plants water content,；PH value 6.0-6.5, institute
State selenium content 20-30ppm in compost；
The raw material of the compost, it is as follows according to parts by weight: 75 parts of dry sawdust, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of gypsum, conch meal 5
Part.
(3) pack: compost can pack after mixing evenly, and pack is completed within 4 hours, elastic to be suitable for, and ￠ 15 ×
58 4 jin of specification bag fillings.
(4) sterilize: high pressure sterilization sterilizes 4 hours in 126 DEG C, compost moisture decline 3% after sterilizing.
Step (5)-(11) are the same as embodiment 1.
Inventor is when doing the present invention program research, in order to verify influence of the mango twig powder pretreatment to cultivating champignon, with
And the Optimized cultivation plan in the cultivation of mushroom, following comparative testing and analysis have been done, it is specific as follows.
Comparative example 1
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
It prewets without using processing water I.
Comparative example 2
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
It prewets without using processing water II.
Comparative example 3
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
Do not add magnesia.
Comparative example 4
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
Magnesia is not added, without using processing water II.
Comparative example 5
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
Magnesia is not added, is prewetted without using processing water I, and handle in water II and do not add quick lime.
Comparative example 6
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
Magnesia is not added, is prewetted without using processing water I, and handle in water II and do not add plant ash.
Comparative example 7
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: in step (1),
It prewets without using processing water I and processing water II.
Comparative example 8
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: save step
(1), i.e., it is pre-processed without mango twig powder, directly uses mango twig powder.
Comparative example 9
The method of mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, it is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that: step (7) is supported
In bacterium, after inoculation bag is sent to culturing room, it is 18-24 DEG C that culturing room, which unifies set temperature,.
The yield, cultivation period, Se content of each group mushroom culture (autumn cultivation) are counted and are tested, as a result see Table 1 for details:
Table 1
Note: yield described in table 1 is the fresh mushroom total output picked by each group divided by its total compost siccative weight
It measures, the siccative is that compost is given money as a gift meter；Se content described in table 1 refers to that dried thin mushroom detects resulting Se content.
In terms of mushroom production, (weed tree sawdust, wheat bran, quick lime, gypsum etc. are packed into polybag using conventional method at present
In, after sterilization, inoculation, annesl, bacteria stick is placed on the ridge-up bed of ground to or is carried out on frame bed management of producing mushroom) mushroom culture
Yield is about 750g fresh mushroom/dry compost of kg, and the yield of embodiment 1-3 reaches 1220g fresh mushroom/dry compost of kg or more, explanation
Mushroom production can be significantly improved using method mushroom culture of the invention.Perfume (or spice) of the mushroom production of embodiment 2-3 than embodiment 1
Mushroom yield is declined slightly, and illustrates that the pretreated temperature of mango branch has certain influence to the removing of the antibacterial substance in mango branch.From
The mushroom production data of comparative example 1-8 are it is found that processing water I, processing the water II, magnesia that the present invention uses, to mushroom production
It produces bigger effect, because the use of three can reduce the substance of the inhibition mushroom growth in mango twig powder, and then makes perfume (or spice)
Mushroom can normal growth, improve yield.
It handles water I and uses ferrous sulfate, because ferrous sulfate can not be influenced with generation complex reaction generations such as catechol, laccols
The substance of mushroom growth, to remove the substance that laccol, catechol etc. inhibit mushroom growth, therefore the mushroom production of comparative example 1
Declined compared to embodiment 1.Quick lime, plant ash and the mixed processing water II of water be in alkalescent, magnesia it is main at
Dividing is magnesia, is cooperated under certain condition with processing water II, can be with tannic acid, the gallic acid etc. in mango twig powder
Reaction, to remove the substance that tannic acid, gallic acid etc. inhibit mushroom growth, therefore, the mushroom production of comparative example 2-3 is than real
The yield for applying example 1 is declined.
From embodiment 1 and comparative example 4, comparative example 5, comparative example 6, comparative example 7 data comparison it is found that if being used alone
Magnesia, processing water I, the quick lime in processing water II, the plant ash in processing water II handle mango twig powder, then have certain effect
But it is not particularly evident, and by being used cooperatively four, it can promote to cooperate between them, reach the effect of highly significant
Fruit.It can be seen that the yield of comparative example 8 from 8 data of comparative example and do not have dropped 53% only with respect to embodiment 1, and relative to
Conventional cultural method also reduced 16%, illustrate to be pre-processed before carrying out mushroom culture using mango twig powder
High yield is still not achieved to reduce the substance for inhibiting mushroom growth even if otherwise other steps of the invention is cooperated to be cultivated
Effect.
In terms of cultivation period, at present using the cultivation period of conventional method mushroom culture generally at 90-150 days, and it is real
The cultivation period for applying a 1-3 is 81-84 days, illustrates that method mushroom culture change of tide of the invention is fast, cultivation period is short.From comparative example
Data see, processing water I, processing water II, magnesia use and step (7) temperature stage by stage control, can be one
Determine degree and shortens cultivation period.
In terms of the Se content after mushroom picking, embodiment 1, embodiment 2 apply selenium fertilizer, selenium content 40-50ppm in compost
When, the mushroom Se content cultivated is 3.0mg/kg butt and 2.65mg/kg butt；Selenium content 20- in the compost of embodiment 3
When 30ppm, the mushroom Se content cultivated is 1.9mg/kg butt, illustrates to cultivate to obtain selenium-rich using method of the invention
Mushroom.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not intended to limiting the invention, any this field skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when a little modification and perfect therefore of the invention protection model can be made
It encloses to work as and subject to the definition of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom, which comprises the steps of:
(1) mango twig powder pre-processes: magnesia being added in mango twig powder, the additional amount of the magnesia is mango twig powder
The 0.5-0.8% of weight obtains mixture after mixing evenly, and leaching processing water I prewets, and holding mixture moisture content is 45-
50%, daily stirring is primary, and bottom material is translated into top, and after 3-4 days, leaching processing water II is prewetted again, keeps mixture
Water content is 58-60%, and every two days stirrings are primary, and bottom material is translated into top, dry after 4-5 days, obtains dry sawdust, spare；
The processing water I is that ferrous sulfate is added to the water to mixing gained, and the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate and water is 0.2-0.5:
100；
The processing water II be quick lime, plant ash are added to the water mixing gained, quick lime, plant ash, water mass ratio be
1-1.5:1-2:100；
(2) spice: after dry sawdust is stirred 5-10 minutes, wheat bran, gypsum, conch meal, selenium fertilizer is added, mixes well, adds water
Wet-mixing 10-15 minutes, compost is obtained, the Compost moisture content control is in 55%-60%, pH value 6-6.5, the compost
Middle selenium content is no less than 20ppm；
(3) it packs: after spice is uniform, pack is completed within 4 hours；
(4) sterilize: in 100-126 DEG C sterilizing 4-36 hours, after sterilizing compost moisture decline 2%-5%；
(5) cool down: bacterium bag central temperature be reduced to 26 DEG C hereinafter, being inoculated with；
(6) be inoculated with: the room temperature for being inoculated with area is set as 18 DEG C, and inoculation device inoculation component is late with alcohol soaking disinfection one, restarts and connects
Kind machine inoculation packages inoculation bag with outer bagging after the completion of inoculation and transmits toward culturing room；
(7) bacteria: it is as follows that culturing room controls temperature: 22 DEG C set within first 7 days, sets within 8-15 days 24 DEG C, sets 22 DEG C within 16-23 days,
22 DEG C are set within 24-31 days, 20 DEG C is set within 32-39 days, sets within 40-50 days 20 DEG C, set 18 DEG C within 50-60 days；
(8) take off outer bag: mycelium germination phase temperature is controlled at 25-28 DEG C, and bagging can be sloughed when mycelia grows to 8cm or more, and
It is put in intersecting parallels, every row stays ventilating duct；
(9) acanthopore: being to use in 26 DEG C of bacterium bag management below in temperature, in the bag of bacterium bag acanthopore with outer 3-5 DEG C of the temperature difference of bag；
First time acanthopore: when cenobium diameter 8-10cm, it is greater than with the positional distance cenobium edge of the nail acanthopore of 3-5mm, acanthopore
2cm, pitch-row 2-3cm, hole depth 2cm；
Second of acanthopore: after mycelium covers with full bag, carrying out second of acanthopore when knob reaches 60% or more of whole bag in bag,
Acanthopore stick is the long cone of diameter 0.5cm round shape, uniform acanthopore, depth 4-6cm, can not be pierced to wearing；
(10) management of producing mushroom: after there is the appearance of mushroom flower bud on bacterium bag surface, the temperature cultivated in canopy is maintained at 10-23 DEG C；
(11) harvest: the expansion of mushroom auricle, bacterium bag are felt like jelly obviously, can be harvested.
2. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the awns
Fruit branch bits preprocessing process, which is maintained in 40-50 DEG C of environment, to carry out.
3. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the awns
Fruit tree twig powder is to be made by mango branch through crushing, and the piece diameter of the mango twig powder is 3-8 millimeters, water content 15-20%.
4. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the training
The control of nutriment water content is as follows: spring planting water content is 55%-57%, and it is 58%-60% that the autumn, which plants water content,.
5. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the training
The raw material of nutriment, it is as follows according to parts by weight: dry sawdust 75-80 parts, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts of gypsum, conch meal 5-10
Part.
6. the method for mango twig powder cultivation of selenium-rich mushroom as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (9), second
For acanthopore according to 15 × 58 specification sack of ￠, whole bag is subject to 65-75 hole.
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