CN110018291B - Filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation experiment test system - Google Patents
Filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation experiment test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiment test system which mainly comprises a simulation experiment frame, wherein a coal rock stratum simulation material, a water-bearing stratum simulation material, a water-resisting key layer simulation material and a filling body simulation material are paved in the simulation experiment frame; the aquifer is composed of a transparent flexible water tank filled with coarse and fine aggregates, one side of the transparent flexible water tank is connected with a water source supply device, a water pump is used for providing stable osmotic pressure for the aquifer, and the lower part of the water tank is provided with a permeable combined hole device with adjustable quantity and aperture size; the similar material of the waterproof key layer is mainly prepared by aggregate, impervious waterproof material and auxiliary cementing material according to the required similar ratio; the filling body similar simulation material is selected according to the stress-strain similarity theory. The method can realize physical similarity simulation of deformation, crack evolution and seepage water inrush response process of the overburden rock in the filling and mining under the fluid-solid coupling condition, and has the advantages of simplicity, strong operability, high simulation accuracy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical analog simulation test systems, and particularly relates to a filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation test system.
Background
In recent years, the development center of gravity of Chinese coal resources gradually shifts to west ecological fragile water resource shortage mining areas and east deep complex hydrogeological mining areas, and the water conservation exploitation problem faces huge challenges. The comprehensive mechanized solid filling coal mining technology is one of the technologies which are widely applied in green mining, can realize safe mining of coal resources under aquifers and water bodies, theoretically researches the evolution characteristics of surrounding rock fracture fields, seepage fields and stress fields in the solid filling mining process, and has important significance for scientifically guiding field engineering application. Physical similarity simulation has been widely used as an effective research means for studying environmental changes of surrounding rocks in mining activities. However, most of the existing physical simulation test systems for filling water-retention exploitation replace aquifers with rock stratums, the seepage influence of water is not considered, and in order to further explore the practical application effect of the filling exploitation technology applied to water-retention exploitation, further research needs to be carried out on the problems of the filling exploitation water-retention key stratum, aquifer deformation damage and seepage water inrush process under the fluid-solid coupling condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the filling exploitation physical analog simulation test system under the existing conditions, the invention provides a filling exploitation fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation experiment test system.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiment testing system comprises a simulation experiment frame and a rock stratum simulation material, a aquifer simulation material, a water-resisting key layer simulation material, a filler simulation material and a coal bed simulation material which are sequentially arranged in the simulation experiment frame from top to bottom; a vertical pressurizing oil cylinder is arranged at the upper part of the similar simulation experiment frame and used for simulating the self weight of the overlying rock stratum;
the aquifer analog simulation material is a transparent flexible water tank filled with coarse and fine aggregates, a plurality of permeable combined hole devices are uniformly arranged at intervals on the lower part of the transparent flexible water tank, and one side of the transparent flexible water tank is connected with a water source supply device which provides stable osmotic pressure for the transparent flexible water tank through a booster water pump;
the waterproof key layer similar simulation material is prepared from aggregate, a impervious waterproof material and an auxiliary cementing material according to a penetration similarity ratio;
the filling body similar simulation material is a similar filling body prepared from preparation materials including sponge, plastic foam, common paper and a thin three-ply board;
the rock stratum simulation material is a mixture consisting of sand, calcium carbonate and gypsum.
Furthermore, each permeable combined hole device is provided with 4 permeable holes arranged at the bottom of the transparent flexible water tank and a permeable combined hole control device covered on the permeable holes; the permeable combination hole control device is an inward-concave circular cover plate, the 4 permeable holes are uniformly arranged at intervals in the circle center and sequentially comprise a first permeable combination hole, a second permeable combination hole, a third permeable combination hole and a fourth permeable combination hole in the order from small to large according to the hole diameters, and the hole diameter ratio is 2:5:7: 10; the sum of the radiuses of a central ring where the 4 water permeable holes are located and a hole four of the water permeable combined hole is smaller than the radius of the water permeable combined hole control device, and the inwards concave notches of the water permeable combined hole control device are symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the circular cover plate; the opening condition is controlled by different rotation angles of the permeable combined hole control device.
Furthermore, the transparent flexible water tank similar material of the aquifer meets the stress-strain similarity theory, and smooth cobblestones with the particle size of 5-40 mm and fine sand with the particle size of 2-8 mm are filled in the transparent flexible water tank similar material of the aquifer.
Furthermore, the waterproof key layer similar simulation material (3) is prepared by using paraffin and vaseline as impervious waterproof materials, calcium carbonate and gypsum as auxiliary cementing materials, sand as aggregate according to a similar theory of water properties.
Furthermore, the water source supply device (6) is a water delivery pipe arranged on the right side of the transparent flexible water tank, and the osmotic pressure is controlled by a booster water pump (12) connected with the water delivery pipe; a flowmeter (13) is arranged below the booster water pump (12), and a check valve (15) and a pressure sensor (16) are arranged on the water source conveying pipeline.
The test method of the test system comprises the following steps: through simulating coal seam filling mining, the damage process of deformation of a water-proof key layer and a water-bearing layer and seepage water inrush response is realized, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a similar simulation model: determining rock stratum attributes of a simulation object by referring to actual geological data of a coal mine, determining geometric parameters of simulation materials and simulation characteristic parameters of each rock stratum by combining a similar simulation ratio, and preparing similar materials of each rock stratum;
2) and (3) paving similar simulation materials of each rock stratum according to the constructed similar simulation model parameters: after the overlying rock stratum of the transparent flexible water tank is laid, injecting water into the transparent flexible water tank, and determining the osmotic pressure of a stable water source according to the actual conditions of a mine and a similar ratio; starting a vertical pressurizing oil cylinder to simulate the initial stress of overlying strata in the water injection process;
3) and (3) excavating the coal bed according to the designed excavation step number and the excavation length of each step: filling a filling body similar simulation material in time after the coal seam is excavated; in the coal seam excavation and filling process, observing and recording deformation damage of an overlying rock stratum, particularly a water-resisting key layer and a water-bearing layer and a seepage water inrush process, and simultaneously recording the change of a set flow counting value under a booster water pump and the change of a numerical value of a pressure sensor on a water source conveying pipeline;
4) and repeating the same experimental process, and manufacturing similar filling bodies with different simulated filling rates by different proportions of similar simulation materials of the filling bodies, so as to realize the simulation of deformation damage and seepage water inrush processes of the key water-cut layer and the aquifer of the filling mining fluid-solid coupling under different filling rates.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiment test system provided by the invention has the following advantages: the invention realizes the physical analog simulation of solid filling water-retaining coal mining under the fluid-solid coupling effect, has simple system structure, convenient application and wide popularization, and the experimental result is closer to the practical engineering problem.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the opening of the water permeable combined hole device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of regulating the aperture size of the water permeable combined hole device.
Wherein: 1-rock stratum similar simulation material, 2-aquifer similar simulation material, 3-water-resisting key layer similar simulation material, 4-filling body similar simulation material, 5-coal bed similar simulation material, 6-water source supply device, 7-starting mining line, 8-stopping mining line, 9-water-permeable combined hole device, 10-similar simulation experiment frame, 11-vertical pressurizing oil cylinder, 12-pressurizing water pump, 13-flowmeter, 14-water supply tank 15-check valve, 16-pressure sensor, 17-water-permeable combined hole I, 18-water-permeable combined hole II, 19-water-permeable combined hole III, 20-water-permeable combined hole IV and 21-water-permeable combined hole control device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiment testing system comprises a simulation experiment frame 10, wherein a rock stratum simulation material 1, a water-bearing stratum simulation material 2, a water-resisting key stratum simulation material 3, a filling body simulation material 4 and a coal seam simulation material 5 are sequentially arranged in the simulation experiment frame 10 from top to bottom; the aquifer simulation material 2 consists of a transparent flexible water tank filled with coarse and fine aggregates, one side of the transparent flexible water tank is connected with a water source supply device 6, a pressure water pump 12 is used for providing stable water source osmotic pressure for the aquifer, and the lower part of the water tank is provided with a permeable combined hole device 9 with adjustable quantity and aperture size; the waterproof key layer similarity simulation material 3 is mainly prepared by aggregate, a permeability-resistant waterproof material and an auxiliary cementing material according to the required similarity ratio; the filling body similarity simulation material 4 is selected according to the stress-strain similarity theory.
The lower part of the transparent flexible water tank is provided with a certain number of controllable water permeable combined hole devices with certain aperture sizes, and the opening number and the opening diameter size of the combined hole devices are designed according to actual water-bearing layer permeability parameters. The waterproof key layer is prepared by using paraffin and vaseline as impervious waterproof materials, calcium carbonate and gypsum as auxiliary cementing materials and sand as aggregate according to a similar theory of water rationality. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the outer side of the aquifer simulation-alike material 2 is a transparent flexible water tank, and the inner skeleton particles of the transparent flexible water tank are composed of smooth cobblestones with large particle sizes (5-40 mm) and fine sand particles (2-8 mm), so that mining stress conduction, compressibility and visibility can be realized.
(2) The water-proof key layer similarity simulation material 3 is configured and selected according to a water physics similarity theory, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
a. using 58# fully refined paraffin and nontoxic medical white vaseline as impervious and waterproof materials, and using calcium carbonate and gypsum as auxiliary cementing materials;
a. weighing aggregate and cementing material according to a pre-designed water-proof key layer similar simulation material proportion;
b. uniformly stirring the mixed aggregate by an NJ160 type stirrer;
c. heating and melting the mixed cementing material of paraffin and vaseline, pouring the mixture into mixed aggregate, and uniformly stirring again;
d. making and molding the mixed material by a special standard mold;
e. placing the demoulded test piece in a curing box for curing for 7 days for strength test;
f. and (5) soaking the cured test piece in water for 1 hour, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours respectively to test the water absorption and softening coefficient.
(3) The filling body similar simulation material 4 is prepared from sponge, plastic foam, common paper and a thin three-ply board in a ratio, a gangue filling body with a simulated filling rate of 80% is prepared from 1cm of plastic foam, 2cm of common paper and 0.5cm of thin three-ply board, and a gangue filling body with a simulated filling rate of 65% is prepared from 1cm of sponge, 0.5cm of plastic foam and 2cm of common paper.
(4) The water source supply device 6 is arranged at the right side of the transparent flexible water tank, the osmotic pressure is controlled by a booster water pump 12 connected with the water source supply device, and the booster water pump 12 is connected with a water supply tank 14 to supply water to the water supply tank; a flowmeter 13 is arranged below the booster water pump 12 to monitor the seepage water flow under the influence of mining; the check valve 15 is arranged to effectively prevent the water flow from flowing backwards; the pressure sensor 16 is arranged on the water source conveying pipeline to realize the implementation monitoring of the water pressure in the transparent flexible water tank.
(5) The permeable combined hole device 9 is arranged at the lower part of the transparent flexible water tank, and water in the transparent flexible water tank permeates downwards through the permeable combined hole device; 3 rows and 11 rows of 33 permeable combined hole devices 9 are arranged on the lower part of the transparent flexible water tank, each permeable combined hole device 9 is provided with 4 permeable holes with different sizes, and the permeable combined holes are a first permeable combined hole 17, a second permeable combined hole 18, a third permeable combined hole 19, a fourth permeable combined hole 20 in sequence from small to large in hole diameter, and the hole diameters are 4mm, 10mm, 14mm and 20 mm; the inner concave notches of the permeable combined hole control device 21 are symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the circular cover plate, and the size of the inner concave notches meets the maximum and minimum permeable requirements. The control of the opening condition can be realized through different rotation angles of the permeable combined hole control device 21 with the aperture of 620mm shown in fig. 3; when the water-permeable combined hole control device 21 is adjusted to the angle shown in fig. 3(e), the water-permeable combined hole can be closed by opening only the first hole 17 of the water-permeable combined hole, opening only the second hole 18 of the water-permeable combined hole, in fig. 3(b), opening only the third hole 19 of the water-permeable combined hole, in fig. 3(c), and opening only the fourth hole 20 of the water-permeable combined hole, in fig. 3 (d).
(6) In the simulation experiment, the coal seam excavation direction is from the initial mining line 7 to the stopping mining line 8, and the filling body simulation materials 4 are filled in time after each excavation of the filling mining coal seam 5.
(7) And (4) excavating the coal bed according to the designed excavation step number and the excavation length of each step, and filling the filling body similar simulation material in time after the coal bed is excavated. In the process of coal seam excavation and filling, deformation damage of overlying strata, particularly a water-proof key layer and a water-bearing layer, and a seepage water inrush process are observed and recorded, and meanwhile, the change of a set flow counting value under a booster water pump and the change of a numerical value of a pressure sensor on a water source conveying pipeline are recorded.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a fill exploitation fluid-structure interaction physics simulation experiment test system which characterized in that: the simulation test device comprises a simulation test experiment frame (10) and a rock stratum simulation material (1), a water-bearing stratum simulation material (2), a water-resisting key stratum simulation material (3), a filling body simulation material (4) and a coal seam simulation material (5) which are sequentially arranged in the frame from top to bottom; a vertical pressurizing oil cylinder (11) is arranged at the upper part of the similar simulation experiment frame (10) and used for simulating the self weight of an overlying rock stratum;
the aquifer analog simulation material (2) is a transparent flexible water tank filled with coarse and fine aggregates, a plurality of permeable combined hole devices (9) are uniformly arranged at intervals on the lower part of the aquifer analog simulation material, one side of the transparent flexible water tank is connected with a water source supply device (6), and a pressure boosting water pump (12) is used for providing stable osmotic pressure for the transparent flexible water tank;
the waterproof key layer similar simulation material (3) is prepared from aggregate, a impervious waterproof material and an auxiliary cementing material according to a penetration similarity ratio;
the filling body similar simulation material (4) is a similar filling body prepared from preparation materials including sponge, plastic foam, common paper and a thin three-ply board;
the rock stratum simulation material (1) is a mixture consisting of sand, calcium carbonate and gypsum;
each permeable combined hole device (9) is provided with 4 permeable holes arranged at the bottom of the transparent flexible water tank and a permeable combined hole control device (21) covered on the permeable holes; the permeable combined hole control device (21) is an inward concave circular cover plate, the 4 permeable holes are uniformly arranged at intervals around the circle center and sequentially comprise a first permeable combined hole (17), a second permeable combined hole (18), a third permeable combined hole (19) and a fourth permeable combined hole (20) in the order from small to large according to the hole diameters, and the hole diameter ratio is 2:5:7: 10; the sum of the radiuses of a central ring where the 4 water permeable holes are located and a fourth hole (20) of the water permeable combined hole is smaller than the radius of the water permeable combined hole control device (21), and the inwards concave notches of the water permeable combined hole control device (21) are symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the circular cover plate; the opening condition is controlled by different rotation angles of the permeable combined hole control device (21).
2. The filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation test system of claim 1, characterized in that: the transparent flexible water tank similar material of the aquifer meets the stress-strain similarity theory, and smooth cobblestones with the particle size of 5-40 mm and fine sand with the particle size of 2-8 mm are filled in the transparent flexible water tank similar material of the aquifer.
3. The filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation test system of claim 1, characterized in that: the waterproof key layer similar simulation material (3) is prepared by using paraffin and vaseline as impervious waterproof materials, calcium carbonate and gypsum as auxiliary cementing materials, and sand as aggregate according to a water affinity theory.
4. The filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical analog simulation test system of claim 1, characterized in that: the water source supply device (6) is a water pipe arranged on the right side of the transparent flexible water tank, and the osmotic pressure is controlled by a booster pump (12) connected with the water pipe; a flowmeter (13) is arranged below the booster water pump (12), and a check valve (15) and a pressure sensor (16) are arranged on the water source conveying pipeline.
5. The working method of the filling mining fluid-solid coupling physical simulation experiment testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: through simulating coal seam filling mining, the damage process of deformation of a water-proof key layer and a water-bearing layer and seepage water inrush response is realized, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) constructing a similar simulation model: determining rock stratum attributes of a simulation object by referring to actual geological data of a coal mine, determining geometric parameters of simulation materials and simulation characteristic parameters of each rock stratum by combining a similar simulation ratio, and preparing similar materials of each rock stratum;
2) and (3) paving similar simulation materials of each rock stratum according to the constructed similar simulation model parameters: after the overlying rock stratum of the transparent flexible water tank is laid, injecting water into the transparent flexible water tank, and determining the osmotic pressure of a stable water source according to the actual conditions of a mine and a similar ratio; starting a vertical pressurizing oil cylinder to simulate the initial stress of overlying strata in the water injection process;
3) and (3) excavating the coal bed according to the designed excavation step number and the excavation length of each step: filling a filling body similar simulation material in time after the coal seam is excavated; in the coal seam excavation and filling process, observing and recording deformation damage of an overlying rock stratum, particularly a water-resisting key layer and a water-bearing layer and a seepage water inrush process, and simultaneously recording the change of a set flow counting value under a booster water pump and the change of a numerical value of a pressure sensor on a water source conveying pipeline;
4) and repeating the same experimental process, and manufacturing similar filling bodies with different simulated filling rates by different proportions of similar simulation materials of the filling bodies, so as to realize the simulation of deformation damage and seepage water inrush processes of the key water-cut layer and the aquifer of the filling mining fluid-solid coupling under different filling rates.
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