CN110017741B - Non-integrated rock interface foundation lossless blasting excavation method - Google Patents
Non-integrated rock interface foundation lossless blasting excavation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110017741B CN110017741B CN201910234081.4A CN201910234081A CN110017741B CN 110017741 B CN110017741 B CN 110017741B CN 201910234081 A CN201910234081 A CN 201910234081A CN 110017741 B CN110017741 B CN 110017741B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention provides a lossless blasting excavation method without integrating a rock interface foundation, which can effectively dissipate energy, isolate gas and isolate vibration, reduce the rock damage depth at the bottom of a blast hole and enhance the blasting effect, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1, drilling vertical blast holes arranged in rows on the surface of a rock mass to be excavated; step 2, paving a buffer layer at the bottom of the blast hole; step 3, wrapping the expansive rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete by using a packaging bag with certain deformability to obtain a bagged flexible energy dissipation body, and enabling the bagged flexible energy dissipation body to freely fall to the upper part of the buffer layer through self weight; step 4, applying lateral extrusion force to the bagged flexible energy dissipater by hammering through a hanging hammer to enable the bagged flexible energy dissipater to be preliminarily attached to the blast hole wall, and filling the blast hole after rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete in the bag expands and solidifies to form a high-wave impedance concrete cushion block compactly blocked at the bottom of the hole; and 5, charging and blocking the explosive in the blast hole, and detonating the explosive package through a detonator to perform rock blasting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and particularly relates to a lossless blasting excavation method for a non-integrated rock interface foundation.
Technical Field
In large-scale water conservancy and hydropower and mine engineering construction, due to the perennial geological activity, the condition of non-integrated rock interfaces is often met, the non-integrated rock interfaces are often influenced by topography and geology to be irregular, the non-integrated contact surfaces can be used as permanent foundation surfaces to bear, and the excavation quality directly influences the stability and safety of buildings on the non-integrated rock interfaces. Due to the influence of explosive load, when blasting and rock breaking are completed, blasting damage is inevitably generated on a reserved rock body, and excavation forming and damage control of a rock foundation are key and difficult problems in blasting excavation. In the existing excavation technology: the traditional layered excavation method has low construction efficiency by a layer-by-layer peeling method, and can not meet the normal requirement of the excavation period; horizontal pre-splitting and horizontal light blasting are adopted, the whole excavation effect is good, but a horizontal hole needs to be drilled, the construction efficiency is low, and meanwhile, overexcavation of more than 40cm is often caused by the need of drilling and erecting; the hole bottom is provided with a small ladder section hole-to-hole sequential detonation method of a flexible cushion layer, the flexible cushion layer material has limited buffering effect on explosion shock waves, the hole bottom damage is still large, and the fluctuation difference of excavated building base planes is large, so that the manual prying amount is large.
Chinese patent CN201310170450.0 discloses a blasting excavation method applying a conical poly-energy dissipation structure at the bottom of a blast hole, and chinese patent CN201710189621.2 discloses an impact plastic composite spherical energy dissipation structure for vertical hole blasting, and these two schemes are respectively provided with conical and spherical high wave impedance cushion blocks at the bottom of the hole for reflecting the energy of the shock wave, which can effectively reduce the energy transmitted to the bottom of the hole, and further reduce the damage depth of the rock mass at the bottom of the hole. But all face the problem that the poly-energy dissipation structure and the hole wall have large gaps inevitably, and the damage of detonation gas and detonation shock waves to the rock mass at the bottom of the hole cannot be completely isolated.
Therefore, it is of great significance to research and design an excavation technology which can effectively dissipate energy, isolate gas and isolate vibration and is suitable for unconformity rock interface foundations.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a nondestructive blasting excavation method which does not integrate a rock interface foundation, has strong operability and simple process flow, and can effectively dissipate energy, isolate gas and isolate vibration, reduce the rock mass damage depth at the bottom of a blast hole and enhance the blasting effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the invention provides a lossless blasting excavation method without integrating a rock interface foundation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1, drilling vertical blast holes arranged in rows on the surface of a rock mass to be excavated; step 2, paving a buffer layer at the bottom of the blast hole; step 3, wrapping the expansive rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete by using a packaging bag with certain deformability to obtain a bagged flexible energy dissipation body, and enabling the bagged flexible energy dissipation body to freely fall to the upper part of the buffer layer through self weight; step 4, applying lateral extrusion force to the bagged flexible energy dissipater by hammering through a hanging hammer to enable the bagged flexible energy dissipater to be preliminarily attached to the blast hole wall, and filling the blast hole after rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete in the bag expands and solidifies to form a high-wave impedance concrete cushion block compactly blocked at the bottom of the hole; and 5, charging and blocking the explosive in the blast hole, and detonating the explosive package through a detonator to perform rock blasting.
Preferably, the non-integrated rock interface foundation nondestructive blasting excavation method provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in the step 2, the thickness of the buffer layer is 15-30 cm.
Preferably, the non-integrated rock interface foundation nondestructive blasting excavation method provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the packaging bag adopted in the step 3 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is elastic sponge cloth, and the outer layer is deformable gauze.
Preferably, the non-integrated rock interface foundation nondestructive blasting excavation method provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the packaging bag adopted in the step 3 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the packaging bag is 15-20 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.
Preferably, the non-integrated rock interface foundation nondestructive blasting excavation method provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: after the rapid hardening high wave impedance concrete is expanded and solidified, the pressure on the wall of the borehole reaches 0.3-1.5 MPa.
Preferably, the non-integrated rock interface foundation nondestructive blasting excavation method provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the density rho of the high-wave impedance concrete cushion block is 4000kg/m3Velocity of upper and longitudinal waves CpThe wave impedance is more than 4000m/s, and the whole wave impedance is 40-50% higher than that of the rock to be crushed.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the nondestructive blasting excavation method of the unconformity rock interface foundation, the rapid-setting high-wave impedance concrete in the bagged flexible energy dissipater has certain fluidity and expansibility, and the auxiliary hanging hammer laterally extrudes and compacts the blast hole, so that the rapid-setting high-wave impedance concrete can automatically set and expand to compact the bottom of the blast hole to form a high-wave impedance concrete cushion block with good compactness; after the explosive is detonated, in an interface (the upper surface of the cushion block) between explosive gas and a rapid-hardening high-wave-impedance concrete cushion block, the explosive gas generated by explosion is isolated in a blast hole, and the explosive shock wave caused by explosion is reflected and transmitted on the interface; the energy of the transmission part is continuously transmitted in the form of stress waves and reaches an interface (the lower surface of the cushion block) between the cushion block and the buffer layer, and on the interface, because the wave impedance of the buffer layer is smaller than that of the cushion block, the stress waves are strongly reflected on the interface, only a small part of the stress waves are transmitted into the buffer layer, the energy of the stress waves is further consumed by the buffer layer after the buffer layer is greatly deformed and compacted, and finally only the stress waves which are sharply weakened penetrate through the buffer layer and act on the rock mass at the bottom of the hole; finally, through the effective reflection effect of the rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete cushion block on the explosion stress wave and the compaction deformation of the hole bottom loose sand buffer layer, the explosion energy acting on the bottom of the blast hole is effectively reduced, and the explosion gas is prevented from entering the hole bottom, so that the explosion damage to the hole bottom rock mass is reduced, the effect of the hole bottom rock mass is protected, and meanwhile, the rock foundation surface after explosion can assist the pick to pry the hole bottom, and the foundation cleaning purpose is achieved.
The method is convenient and quick to operate, can directly drill vertical blast holes by using drilling machine equipment on a construction site aiming at an irregular non-integrated rock foundation excavation interface, and is also suitable for arc-shaped foundation surfaces by adopting a vertical hole blasting method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram showing arrangement of blast holes in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a package according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the bagged flexible energy dissipater in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single borehole in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing propagation of an explosion shock wave in a blast hole after detonation in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1 is a buffer layer, 2 is rapid-setting high-wave-impedance concrete grout, 3 is a packaging bag, 31 is a feed inlet, 32 is a sealing line, 3a is an inner layer, 3B is an outer layer, 4 is a bagged flexible energy dissipater, 4' is a high-wave-impedance concrete cushion block, 5 is a cartridge, 6 is a blocking section, A is an overlying rock body, B is an underlying rock body, C is an unconformity rock interface, K is a blast hole, M1 is an upper interface, and M2 is a lower interface.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail a specific embodiment of the non-integrated rock boundary foundation non-destructive blasting excavation method according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< example >
A horizontal dam foundation of a hydropower station is excavated, an overlying rock body A to be blasted is excavated, a underlying rock body B is used as a permanent foundation surface, the lithology of two layers of rock bodies has obvious difference, a contact surface between the two layers of rock bodies belongs to a typical unconformity rock interface C, and the flatness of a foundation surface needs to be improved and blasting damage to the underlying rock body B needs to be controlled in the excavation of the dam foundation rock body. Shallow hole bench blasting is adopted, vertical blast holes are formed, the diameter D of a drilled hole is 90mm, the depth of the drilled hole is about 5m, the ultra-depth is 0.3m, the blocking length is 1.5m, the hole interval is 1.8m multiplied by 1.8m, a hole bottom blasting mode is adopted, and the method is implemented through the nondestructive blasting excavation method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
As shown in fig. 1, in an overburden rock body a to be blasted and excavated, vertical blast holes K are drilled according to the blasting design, and the hole bottom elevation and the drilling diameter of each blast hole K are controlled.
Firstly, manually cleaning the blast hole area, then performing hole-by-hole lofting on the hole opening of each blast hole K to obtain the hole opening elevation of each blast hole K, and marking the corresponding mark by red paint. And calculating the actual pore-forming depth of each blast hole K according to geological data of the unconformity rock interface and by combining the actual orifice elevation.
Measuring the actual hole depth of each blast hole K by using bamboo chips, calculating the thickness of each blast hole K according to the elevation of the orifice of each blast hole K and the elevation of an unconformity rock foundation interface, wherein the thickness is generally 15-30 cm, and then uniformly paving loose sand, broken stone or rock powder at the bottom of the hole according to the calculated thickness to form a buffer layer 1. For the convenience of site operation, the buffer layer 1 is preferably loose sand or rock powder, and the wave impedance of the buffer layer is 1/6-1/5 of the concrete cushion block.
according to the quick-hardening cement, the iron sand, the water, the gel, the high-efficiency water reducing agent, the accelerating agent and the expanding agent on the construction site, the cast-in-situ quick-hardening high-wave impedance concrete slurry is prepared.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the prepared quick-setting high-wave impedance concrete slurry 2 with certain fluidity and strong expansibility is poured into a packaging bag 3 to obtain a bagged flexible energy dissipater 4.
In the embodiment, the packaging bag 3 is provided with the corresponding feed inlet 31 and the corresponding sealing line 32, the whole packaging bag 3 is cylindrical, the outer diameter of the packaging bag is 15-20 mm smaller than the diameter of a blast hole, and the height of the packaging bag is 10-15 cm; the packaging bag 3 has good sealing performance, can effectively prevent concrete from leaking, has strong elastic deformation capability and can be self-adaptive to the expansion deformation of the concrete; as shown in fig. 3, the packaging bag 3 is mainly composed of an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer 3a is sponge cloth with good flexibility, and the outer layer 3b is gauze with certain deformability; the flexibility and deformability of the inner layer 3a and the outer layer 3b at least need to satisfy the requirement of being capable of deforming and fitting the wall of the blast hole K, so that the extrusion of rapid-hardening high-wave-impedance concrete and the wall of the blast hole K is not restrained to be dense, and the hammering of the hanging hammer is not restrained.
Then, the bagged flexible energy dissipater 4 is placed at the opening of the blast hole K, and after being loosened, the bagged flexible energy dissipater freely falls to the upper part of the buffer layer 1 through self weight.
And 5, applying lateral extrusion force to the bagged flexible energy dissipater 4 by hammering by adopting a hanging hammer to preliminarily attach the bagged flexible energy dissipater 4 to the wall of the blast hole K, and filling the blast hole K after the rapid-hardening high-wave-impedance concrete in the bag is expanded and solidified to form a high-wave-impedance concrete cushion block 4' compactly blocked at the bottom of the hole as shown in figures 4 and 5.
The weight of drop hammer itself is great, when being used for flexible energy dissipator 4 in bags, on the one hand can make flexible energy dissipator 4 in bags combine inseparabler with buffer layer 1 of below, on the other hand then makes flexible energy dissipator 4 in bags compress down, tentatively contact with big gun hole K wall, fill the big gun hole, because big gun hole K wall is absolutely smooth in the actual operation impossible, there are rubble and various arch, can cause flexible energy dissipator 4 in bags to take place to warp at the in-process that falls down, this kind of deformation just can be eliminated in the preliminary side direction extrusion of drop hammer, make flexible energy dissipator 4 in bags laminate mutually with big gun hole K, more be favorable to the inflation solidification in rapid hardening high wave impedance concrete later stage and fill big gun hole K. In this embodiment, treat that flexible energy dissipater 4 in bags falls into the big gun hole K bottom after, hammering ten times evenly on its surface, just so can guarantee that flexible energy dissipater 4 in bags and pore wall are tentatively combined, guarantee simultaneously that flexible energy dissipater 4 in bags is last surface level.
Further, in the embodiment, because the rapid-setting high-wave-impedance concrete slurry 2 in the bagged flexible energy dissipater 4 has certain fluidity and expansibility, the rapid-setting high-wave-impedance concrete slurry can be automatically set and expanded to fill the bottom of the blast hole K and reach a designed strength value, and the expanded concrete has a pressure of about 0.3-1.5 MPa on the wall of the blast hole K and has good compactness. Specifically, in the present embodiment, after 30-60 min, the cast-in-place rapid-hardening high-wave-impedance concrete is self-hardened and expanded to form the high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4' having the designed strength and the designed wave impedance value. The density rho of the high-wave impedance concrete cushion block 4' prepared by the embodiment can reach 4000kg/m3Velocity of longitudinal wave CpThe wave impedance can reach 4000m/s, the integral wave impedance is about 40-50% higher than that of the rock body A to be crushed, and the wave impedance is about 5-6 times of that of the buffer layer 1.
In addition, it should be as possible to: the middle of the high wave impedance concrete pad 4' formed on the buffer layer 1 is flush with the unconformity rock mass base interface.
And 6, charging and blocking in the blast hole K, and detonating the explosive package through a detonator to perform rock blasting.
After a high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4' with designed strength is formed, a cartridge 5 with the diameter of 70mm is filled in each blast hole K, the length of the cartridge 5 is 3.5m, and the explosive is 2# rock emulsion explosive. After charging, clay or drilling dust is adopted to plug to form a plugging section 6. After the blockage is finished and the safety of the network and the surrounding environment is confirmed, the explosive cartridge 5 in the blast hole is detonated by the detonator to carry out rock blasting.
As shown in fig. 5, after detonation, detonation gas generated by explosion is isolated in the blast hole K at the upper interface M1 between the detonation gas and the high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4 ', and explosion shock wave caused by explosion is reflected and transmitted at the upper interface M1, and since the wave impedance of the high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4' is greater than that of the detonation gas, the explosion shock wave will be strongly transmitted at the upper interface M1, and part of the transmitted energy will continue to propagate in the form of stress wave to the lower interface M2 between the high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4 'and the buffer layer 1, and on this lower interface M2, since the wave impedance of the buffer layer 1 is much smaller than that of the high-wave-impedance concrete pad 4', the stress wave will be strongly reflected at the lower interface M2, and only a small part of the stress wave will be transmitted into the buffer layer 1 made of loose sand, and then the large-amplitude deformation and compaction of the buffer layer 1 will further consume the energy of the stress wave, and finally, only the extremely small part of the stress wave which is sharply weakened is left to penetrate through the buffer layer 1 and act on the rock mass at the bottom of the hole, so that the explosion energy acting on the bottom of the blast hole is effectively reduced, and the function of protecting the rock mass at the bottom of the blast hole K is achieved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The non-destructive blasting excavation method without rock boundary foundation according to the present invention is not limited to the contents described in the above embodiments, but is subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modification or supplement or equivalent replacement made by a person skilled in the art on the basis of this embodiment is within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A non-integrated rock interface foundation lossless blasting excavation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, drilling vertical blast holes arranged in rows on the surface of a rock body to be excavated;
step 2, paving a buffer layer at the bottom of the blast hole;
step 3, wrapping the expansive rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete by using a packaging bag with certain deformability to obtain a bagged flexible energy dissipation body, and enabling the bagged flexible energy dissipation body to freely fall to the upper part of the buffer layer through self weight;
step 4, applying lateral extrusion force to the bagged flexible energy dissipater by hammering through a hanging hammer to enable the bagged flexible energy dissipater to be preliminarily attached to the blast hole wall, and filling the blast hole after rapid-hardening high-wave impedance concrete in the bag expands and solidifies to form a high-wave impedance concrete cushion block compactly blocked at the bottom of the hole;
step 5, charging and blocking the explosive in the blast hole, detonating the explosive package through a detonator, and blasting the rock，
Wherein the packaging bag adopted in the step 3 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is elastic sponge cloth, the outer layer is deformable gauze,
after the rapid hardening high wave impedance concrete is expanded and solidified, the pressure on the wall of the borehole reaches 0.3-1.5 MPa.
2. The method of non-destructive blasting excavation of an unconformity rock interface foundation of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 2, the laying thickness of the buffer layer is 15-30 cm.
3. The method of non-destructive blasting excavation of an unconformity rock interface foundation of claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the packaging bag adopted in the step 3 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter is 15-20 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.
4. The method of non-destructive blasting excavation of an unconformity rock interface foundation of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the density rho of the high-wave impedance concrete cushion block is 4000kg/m3Velocity of upper and longitudinal waves CpThe wave impedance is more than 4000m/s, and the whole wave impedance is 40-50% higher than that of the rock to be crushed.
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| CN111721169B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-05-04 | 武汉大学 | Blasting excavation damage control method for offshore rock-socketed pile foundation |
| CN113358466B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-10-04 | 燕山大学 | Method and system for determining transfer coefficient of dynamic stress of layered foundation soil layer interface |
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| DE3328550A1 (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1984-05-17 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | METHOD FOR BREAKING HARD COMPACT MATERIAL AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| CN104215137A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉大学 | Method for blasting and excavating dam foundation and rock foundation |
| CN104446168A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-25 | 武汉大学 | High-wave impedance concrete as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105973084B (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-01-30 | 宏大矿业有限公司 | A kind of thin wall concrete structure blasting hole obstruction method |
| CN106949797B (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-08-10 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN108645300B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2023-08-04 | 河南省水利第二工程局 | Composite reflection energy collecting and buffering energy dissipating device and blasting construction method based on same |
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