CN104446168A - High-wave impedance concrete as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-wave impedance concrete as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104446168A CN104446168A CN201410572971.3A CN201410572971A CN104446168A CN 104446168 A CN104446168 A CN 104446168A CN 201410572971 A CN201410572971 A CN 201410572971A CN 104446168 A CN104446168 A CN 104446168A
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-wave impedance concrete as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The high-wave impedance concrete is prepared from the following components including cement, water, iron sands and an effective water reducing agent, wherein the water cement ratio is 0.24-0.28, the mass ratio of the cement to the iron sands is 1:(1.6-3.0), and the quality of the effective water reducing agent accounting for 1.0-2.0 percent of the quality of the cement. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the cement, the water, the iron sands and the effective water reducing agent are mixed to carry out gelatinization to form the high-wave impedance concrete, and slurry formed by the cement and the water wraps the iron sands by virtue of mixing, and hardening is carried out to form calculus; water dosage is reduced by virtue of the effective water reducing agent, and the calculus density is improved; meanwhile, as the density of the concrete and longitudinal wave propagation speed of the concrete are increased by utilizing the iron sands, the high-wave impedance concrete is obtained, and the reflectivity of explosive blast can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering explosion technical field, relate to a kind of high wave resistance concrete, preparation method and application thereof, can be used for making poly--energy dissipating base at the bottom of hole required in rock foundation Blasting Excavation.
Background technology
In the rock foundation Blasting Excavation process in the fields such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, traffic, mine, adopt the problem that to there are these needs that rapid construction and shaping, the damage delicate of excavation control during blasting procedure excavation rock mass and solve.
Traditional rock foundation excavation method adopts bench blasting and reserved protective layer, and because protective layer excavation divides again three layers of excavation usually, operating efficiency is low, affects construction speed.Developed again the onepull method of filling flexible cover sheet at the bottom of hole on this basis, because flexible protective layer material is inflammable and limited to the shock absorption of explosion wave, at the bottom of hole, lesion depths is still larger.Develop again the excavation method that horizontal presplit is aided with shallow bore hole heading blast in recent years, although the method is comparatively advanced, effectively can obtain smooth batholith face, because horizontal presplit needs vertical working face, each working face excavation drilling depth is shorter, affects construction speed and duration.For completing the shaping excavation of rock foundation efficiently, rapidly, need that to realize upright opening once quick-fried except technology badly.
At the bottom of passing hole poly--energy dissipating base can to realize in rock foundation digging process upright opening once quick-fried except, excavate shaping, Damage Coutrol and rapid construction, poly--energy dissipating base by particular form poly--energy-dissipating structure multiple reflections explosion wave, induced explosion shock wave energy is assembled in the horizontal direction, realize the abundant fragmentation of rock mass between adjacent holes, reduce explosion wave to the explosion damage at the bottom of hole, veritcal shooting hole, thus it is shaping to realize rock foundation upright opening Blasting Excavation.
Realize gathering-Blasting Excavation of energy dissipating base is shaping, need to adopt high wave resistance material to make poly--energy dissipating base, present stage, more employing iron and steel made poly--energy dissipating base, and ferrous materials forming process difficulty, cost be high, waste time and energy, and was difficult to large-scale application.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of shaping convenient, with low cost, be suitable for large-scale application, the high wave resistance concrete of planeness at the bottom of drilling and blasting capacity usage ratio and hole, preparation method and application thereof can be improved.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of high wave resistance concrete, comprise cement, water, iron sand and high efficiency water reducing agent, wherein, water cement ratio is 0.24 ~ 0.28, and the mass ratio of cement and iron sand is 1:(1.6 ~ 3.0), high efficiency water reducing agent quality is 1.0% ~ 2.0% of cement quality.
Above-mentioned cement to be strength grade be more than 42.5 silicate cement or be mixed with silicate cement or other kind cement of mixing material.
As preferably, iron sand particle diameter is not more than 5mm, and fineness modulus is 2.3 ~ 3.0, is equivalent to medium sand rank.
The concrete preparation method of above-mentioned high wave resistance, comprises step:
Step 1, weighs cement, water, iron sand and high efficiency water reducing agent in proportion, high efficiency water reducing agent is dissolved in part water and makes high efficiency water reducing agent solution;
Step 2, mix cement and iron sand, add high efficiency water reducing agent solution and residue water simultaneously.
In mix, cement and water form slurry parcel iron sand, form cement calculus after hardening of cement.
Above-mentioned high wave resistance concrete can be used for preparation and gathers-energy dissipating base, is specially:
Determine to gather-energy dissipating base dimensions according to quick-fried district shothole diameter, be made into mould according to poly--energy dissipating base dimensions; Above-mentioned high wave resistance concrete mix is imported forming mould, and through vibration compacting, the demoulding after final set, then carries out maintenance.
The present invention forms high wave resistance concrete by cement, water, iron sand and high efficiency water reducing agent being mixed and stirred gelling, and by mixing and stirring, the sclerosis of iron sand parcel is formed calculus by the slurry that cement and water are formed; Reduce water consumption by high efficiency water reducing agent, improve calculus density; Meanwhile, utilize iron sand to increase concrete density and improve concrete longitudinal wave propagation speed, thus obtaining the concrete of high wave resistance, thus the reflection potential to explosion wave can be improved.
Compared to the prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, adopt concrete replace tradition poly--preparation of energy dissipating base in the steel plate, the cast iron materials that adopt, avoid the difficulty of metal material moulding processing, good economy performance, and technique is convenient.
2, starting material are easy to buying, and working condition is close with concrete production condition, and all possess production curing condition in the working-yard of water conservancy, mine, traffic, working condition is content with very little, and are applicable to scale operation.
3, concrete wave resistance is high, what can be used for change shock direction gathers-energy dissipating base, planeness at the bottom of drilling and blasting capacity usage ratio and hole can be significantly improved, reduce explosion wave to the destruction bottom big gun hole, thus improve the planeness retaining rock mass.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the concrete microcosmic schematic diagram of high wave resistance;
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional dividing schematic diagram of poly--energy dissipating base;
Fig. 3 is the Applied D emonstration figure of poly--energy dissipating base;
Fig. 4 is poly--energy dissipating base mechanism of action figure.
In figure, 1-iron sand; 2-cement calculus; 3-detonator; 4-explosive; 5-gathers-energy dissipating base; 6-explosion hole wall; 7-shothole foot mat; A, B-incident blast shockwave; C, D-reflect explosion wave.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
Some hydropower station rock foundation Blasting Excavation engineering, needs the planeness ensureing foundation plane.Adopting Long-hole Bench Blasting, for realizing rapid construction, requiring that upright opening is once quick-fried and removing, for obtaining more smooth foundation plane, ensureing planeness at the bottom of hole, need poly--energy dissipating base at the bottom of device aperture.Now designing a kind of high wave resistance concrete for improving planeness at the bottom of drilling and blasting energy utilization efficiency and hole, requiring as follows: density reaches 3500 ~ 4500kg/m
3, within 7 days, velocity of longitudinal wave reaches 3900 ~ 4200m/s, and within 28 days, velocity of longitudinal wave reaches 4300 ~ 4600m/s.Aperture, known digging process borehole blasting hole is 105mm, and technical requirements mean fluctuation difference is not more than 0.1m
In the present embodiment, the preparation process of poly--energy dissipating base is as follows:
Step 1: make poly--energy dissipating base mould.
According to quick-fried district shothole diameter, determine to gather-energy dissipating base dimensions, be made into mould according to poly--energy dissipating base dimensions.
Step 2: according to proportioning scope, in conjunction with field condition, do test in place, detects concrete technology index.
(1) the present embodiment devises two groups of high wave resistance concrete mixs:
Scheme one: water cement ratio is 0.28, the mass ratio of cement and iron sand is 1:1.6, and high efficiency water reducing agent quality is 1% of cement quality, and high efficiency water reducing agent strength of solution is 33%.
Scheme two: water cement ratio is 0.24, the mass ratio of cement and iron sand is 1:3.0, and high efficiency water reducing agent quality is 2% of cement quality, and high efficiency water reducing agent strength of solution is 33%.
Also combine required concrete total amount according to above-mentioned proportioning, calculate each raw material usage, and consider a certain amount of more than needed, according to calculating consumption accurate weighing material requested.
(2) concrete is mixed and stirred.
Forced mixer mix is adopted during mix, by the cement of weighing and iron sand mixing uniform mixing, while keeping mix, add the high efficiency water reducing agent solution being dissolved in part water, rinse with remaining water the container containing high efficiency water reducing agent solution more also all to add for 3 times, after stirring completely, stop stirring.
(3) shaping, the demoulding and maintenance.
Concrete batching system is filled concrete standard part mould through vibrating, the concrete mix that scheme one and scheme two obtain all builds 3 block concrete standard specimens, for quality examination, by equal for standardized component vibration compacting, the demoulding after its final set, weigh quality, and according to its volume computing actual density, the concrete mix actual density that scheme one obtains is 3500.3kg/m
3, the concrete mix actual density that scheme two obtains is 4501.5kg/m
3, reach design requirements, and maintenance under concrete standard curing condition.
(4) RC axial loading column.
Maintenance processes when 7 days and 28 days with sonic apparatus measurement standard test specimen longitudinal wave velocity, 7 days velocity of longitudinal waves of the concrete standard test specimen of scheme one and scheme two are 3900 ~ 4200m/s, 28 days velocity of longitudinal waves are 4300 ~ 4600m/s, wherein, 7 days average velocity of longitudinal waves of the concrete standard of scheme one are 4082m/s, and within 28 days, average velocity of longitudinal wave is 4426m/s; 7 days average velocity of longitudinal waves of the concrete standard of scheme two are 4115m/s, and within 28 days, average velocity of longitudinal wave is 4532m/s, all reaches design requirements.
Step 3: optimizing mixing proporiton, preparation gathers-energy dissipating base.
For obtaining more excellent effect, the proportioning of selection scheme two is as final production concrete; By above-mentioned steps warp: weigh → mix and stir → preparation of packing compact forming → maintenance four steps is poly--energy dissipating base.
Step 4: device is installed and explosion.
By good for final maintenance poly--energy dissipating base (5) is installed on the shothole foot mat (7) bottom big gun hole, see Fig. 3, blasting charge (4) blocks, and emulsion explosive selected by explosive (4), and powder stick diameter is 70mm, powder charge segment length is 6m, shothole foot mat 50cm, blocking segment length 2m, each shothole powder charge 22 ~ 25kg, array pitch 2.5m*2.5m between shothole, unit consumption 0.46kg/m
3, 4 hole one sound, maximum single blow blasting charge 92kg.After confirming initiation net safety, ignite explosive (4) in big gun hole by detonator (3).
Step 5: effect inspection.
For rock foundation upright opening Blasting Excavation, reduce for obtaining good flatness requirement the blast impulse wave energy acted at the bottom of shothole hole.Poly--energy dissipating base action principle is that see Fig. 4, the fragmentation of increase horizontal direction, reduces the degree of crushing of hole bed rock body, thus reaches the object improving planeness at the bottom of hole by explosion wave energy reflection to horizontal direction.Reflect the poly--index of energy dissipating base energy utilization efficiency and the reflection coefficient of energy, the higher then level of coefficient is higher to utilization ratio, otherwise then lower.
Reflection coefficient
z
1, Z
2be respectively the wave resistance of poly--energy dissipating base and the wave resistance of stress wave propagation ripple medium; Wave resistance Z=ρ C, ρ are density of material, and C is material velocity of longitudinal wave.
The concrete reflection coefficient of high wave resistance in the 28 day length of time that numerical procedure two obtains, propagation medium Density of Emulsion Explosive ρ=1000kg/m
3with velocity of longitudinal wave C=3600, calculate high wave resistance concrete reflection coefficient λ=49.0% in the 28 day length of time that scheme two obtains.Here can find out, high wave resistance concrete of the present invention can effectively improve blasting energy utilising efficiency, and the explosion wave energy efficient acted at the bottom of hole is reflexed to horizontal direction, reduces explosion to the fragmentation at the bottom of hole, increase level, to fragmentation, improves at the bottom of hole and the planeness of rock foundation.
After explosion completes, utilize at the bottom of the broken rock scope of acoustic detector measurement excavation rock mass horizontal direction and hole and damage, the explosion of poly--energy dissipating base is not adopted to compare, adopt concrete of the present invention poly--energy dissipating base makes horizontal direction break rock scope to improve 18% ~ 22%, at the bottom of hole, lesion depths is not more than 1m, judges that actual energy utilising efficiency improves be not less than 20% in conjunction with broken rock scope and damage.
The difference detection that rises and falls at the bottom of shothole is carried out after explosion.Adopt steel tape to measure the Bao Houcan ridge, the test site discrepancy in elevation, draw a sea line with level rope at residual ridge vertex, measure the discrepancy in elevation of sea line to residual ridge lower-most point.After testing, at the bottom of test site shothole, mean fluctuation difference is 0.04m, meets the requirement that the difference that rises and falls is less than 0.1.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Although more employ poly--energy dissipating base herein, improve the terms such as the high wave resistance concrete of planeness at the bottom of drilling and blasting energy utilization efficiency and hole, do not get rid of the possibility using other term.These terms are used to be only used to describe and explain essence of the present invention more easily; The restriction that they are construed to any one additional is all contrary with spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a high wave resistance concrete, is characterized in that:
Comprise cement, water, iron sand and high efficiency water reducing agent, wherein, water cement ratio is 0.24 ~ 0.28, and the mass ratio of cement and iron sand is 1:(1.6 ~ 3.0), high efficiency water reducing agent quality is 1.0% ~ 2.0% of cement quality.
2. high wave resistance coagulation body as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described iron sand particle diameter is not more than 5mm, and fineness modulus is 2.3 ~ 3.0.
3. the concrete preparation method of high wave resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise step:
Step 1, weighs cement, water, iron sand and high efficiency water reducing agent in proportion, high efficiency water reducing agent is dissolved in part water and makes high efficiency water reducing agent solution;
Step 2, mix cement and iron sand, add high efficiency water reducing agent solution and residue water simultaneously.
4. the concrete preparation method of high wave resistance as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that:
Described high efficiency water reducing agent concentration of polymer solution is 33%.
5. the concrete application of high wave resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
For the preparation of poly--energy dissipating base.
6. the concrete application of high wave resistance as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that:
Described is specially for the preparation of poly--energy dissipating base:
Determine poly-energy dissipator size according to quick-fried district shothole diameter, be sized to mould according to poly-energy dissipator; Above-mentioned high wave resistance concrete mix is imported forming mould, and through vibration compacting, the demoulding after final set, then carries out maintenance.
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Cited By (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105174869A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 王壹帆 | Cement iron sand mortar |
| CN106767185A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉大学 | The Multi-point Initiation Device and its installation and application method of a kind of lifting hole bottom detonation pressure |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN107417241A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-01 | 沈阳化工大学 | A kind of big density type magnesia oxychloride cement concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110017741A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-16 | 武汉大学 | The nondestructive blasting excavation method on unconformity rock interface basis |
| CN112798441A (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2021-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | Method for measuring impact of explosion ground in soil |
| CN112897951A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 成都精准混凝土有限公司 | Concrete with volume weight of more than 5000kg per cubic meter and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105174869A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 王壹帆 | Cement iron sand mortar |
| CN106767185A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉大学 | The Multi-point Initiation Device and its installation and application method of a kind of lifting hole bottom detonation pressure |
| CN106767185B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-03-02 | 武汉大学 | The Multi-point Initiation Device and its installation and application method of a kind of lifting hole bottom detonation pressure |
| CN106949797A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 武汉大学 | The moulding composite spherical energy-dissipating structure of impact for vertical holes explosion |
| CN107417241A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-01 | 沈阳化工大学 | A kind of big density type magnesia oxychloride cement concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN107417241B (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2020-09-11 | 沈阳化工大学 | Large-density magnesium oxychloride cement concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN110017741A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-16 | 武汉大学 | The nondestructive blasting excavation method on unconformity rock interface basis |
| CN112798441A (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2021-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | Method for measuring impact of explosion ground in soil |
| CN112897951A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 成都精准混凝土有限公司 | Concrete with volume weight of more than 5000kg per cubic meter and preparation method thereof |
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