CN104213919A - Prevention method of shallow-buried steeply-inclined coal seam rock burst - Google Patents
Prevention method of shallow-buried steeply-inclined coal seam rock burst Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a prevention method of shallow-buried steeply-inclined coal seam rock burst. The prevention method includes following steps: (A) drilling a hole from ground to pre-splitting blasting a terrane or a rock pillar in floor and roof of a coal seam; (B) performing water-injection softening and pressure-releasing blasting to a mined coal seam; (C) after the coal seam being mined, performing deep-hole blasting to the floor and roof of the coal seam so that a hanging arch of the floor and roof is cut in advance and accumulated bending elasticity energy is released; and (D) filling a goaf of a working face with nonflammable objects after the coal seam being mined. In the prevention method, energy of the floor and roof are released through various measurements so that a strong rock burst disaster caused by fractured terrane or the rock pillar in the floor and roof can be prevented well. The method can effectively reduce an apparent intensity of a dynamic disaster during a mining process of a shallow-buried steeply-inclined coal seam and can reduced property loss and danger of worker life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump, belong to the Prevention Technique field of coal mining bump.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the increase year by year of China's coal-mine mining depth, a lot of mining areas bump problem is more and more serious.Pressure in coal and rock exceedes the strength limit of coal and rock, the energy accumulated in around tunnel or stope in coal and rock discharges suddenly, roadway blast sexual behavior therefore, coal petrography is thrown to tunnel by power, sends the violent sound simultaneously, it is the Mine Earthquakes that a kind of exploitation is brought out, a disaster especially, not only causes roadway destruction, casualties, above ground structure to destroy, also can cause gas, coal-dust explosion and floods, interference ventilation system, the production safety in colliery in serious threat.
The condition of China's coal-mine generation bump is very complicated, from natural geological conditions, various coals except brown coal have all been recorded to bump phenomenon, adopt dark from 200m to 800m not etc., geological structure is from simple to complexity, coal seam is special thick from being thinned to, and inclination angle is from level to high-dipping, and top board comprises sandstone, shale etc. and all overbump effect on crustalstress occurs; From production specifications, hydromining, hydraulic filling, combine adopt, the various technique such as big gun is adopted, machine is adopted, also all there is overbump effect on crustalstress in longwell, shortwall, lane post, incline cut and fill stoping, various method such as fall from power rank, house column type etc.At present comprise the prevention and controls of half-edge coal seam bump for bump in deep part a lot, but the shallow embedding half-edge coal seam of 45 ° to 90 ° is in for inclination angle as shown in Figure 1, but the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of Be very effective is not had, for example there is the high-dipping shallow buried coal seam of certain reserves in the western particularly mining area, Xinjiang of China, after seam mining, there will be larger goaf, due to shallow embedding and inclination angle larger, the natural force that roof and floor is subject to is not enough to make it be caving, rock stratum or rock pillar there will be fracture destability phenomenon, strong vibrations are produced after fracture, will involve and bring out adjacent coal bed and occur bump thus accidents caused.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump, strong rock blast hazard is brought out in effective prevention adjoining rock or rock pillar fracture, that reduces shallow embedding steeply-inclined seam mining process medium power disaster manifests intensity, improves the safety factor of shaft production.
This method comprises the following steps:
Before A, working seam, from adjoining rock or the rock pillar in presplit blasting coal seam, ground drilling hole;
B, the coal seam of exploitation carried out to the softening and relieving shot of water filling;
After C, working seam, the roof and floor in deep hole blasting coal seam, the outstanding top of early cut-off roof and floor, discharges the elasticity of flexure energy gathered;
After D, seam mining, non-combustible article are filled into work plane goaf.
Blasting method in steps A, step B and step C is as follows:
A, determine borehole depth: the determination of length of shot should meet the principle going deep into area of stress concentration, and explosion scope should at area of stress concentration;
B, determining hole distance: the width determining hole distance according to crush zone and rupture zone makes the fracture area of adjacent two blast holes through;
C, determine explosive payload: the loaded length of each boring is 1/3 of drilling depth;
D, selection blasting method: adopting millisecond detonator grouping explosion, detonates in each 3 ~ 5 holes simultaneously.
Coal-bed flooding is adopted to soften with the method for relieving shot in step B as follows:
A, determine hole depth and pitch-row: 1. selected hole depth, pitch-row can make coal body generally moistening, do not occur large without pool; 2. coal seam across strike and to move towards direction simultaneously moistening; 3. hole through the dirt band in coal seam, and do not wear to roof and floor;
B, determine water injection pressure and water injection time: water injection pressure remains on 6-10MPa, the method adopting high pressure and static pressure water filling to combine, maintains more than 6MPa with manual pump regulating static, and uses two emulsion pump alternations;
Loosening blasting in c, hole: sealing of hole after explosion or first explosion after first sealing of hole, makes loose coal in hole be conducive to pumping water into coal;
D, selection water flooding regime: adopt intermittent water flooding method, and add surfactant in water.
In step D, the placement method in goaf can adopt hydraulic fill technique, flyash filling process, filling-up pneumatically technique, spoil self-slide filling technique, spoil banded filling process, high concentration slurries filling process, groating at bed seperated zone technology, paste body filling technique, ultrahigh water material filling technique or colliery paste-like backfill technique.
Preferably, the ultrahigh water material in ultrahigh water material filling technique is ZKD type High-water quick consolidated filling materials.
Further, inclination angle adopts horizontal fragmentation mining mining type close to the coal seam of 90 °.
Prevention and controls done by the bump phenomenon that the present invention produces mainly for shallow embedding half-edge coal seam, by the roof and floor in presplit blasting coal seam, ground drilling hole to rock stratum or the preliminary release of rock pillar, for seam mining work provides safety precaution; And the softening and relieving shot of water filling is carried out to the coal seam of exploitation, reduce its burst trend sexual type; By the roof and floor in deep hole blasting coal seam after seam mining, the outstanding top of early cut-off roof and floor, discharges the elasticity of flexure energy gathered further on a large scale; Last bashing in time, prevent roof and floor rock pillar generation fracture destability, it sinks to slow down earth's surface deform ation prevention, reduces the destruction to ecological environment; This method can prevent adjoining rock or rock pillar fracture to bring out strong rock blast hazard preferably, and that effectively can reduce shallow embedding steeply-inclined seam mining process medium power disaster manifests intensity, reduces workman's Loss of Life and property of mine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that seam inclination is greater than 45 ° and is less than the schematic diagram of 90 °;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that seam inclination equals 90 °;
Fig. 3 is deep hole blasting schematic diagram;
In figure: 1 is surface drilling explosion position before seam mining; 2 is deep hole blasting position after seam mining.
Detailed description of the invention
A prevention and controls for shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump, comprises the following steps:
A, as shown in Figure 3, before working seam, from adjoining rock or the rock pillar in presplit blasting coal seam, ground drilling hole, 1 is surface drilling explosion position before seam mining;
Relieving shot changes a kind of unloading pressure means of stress distribution by enforcement boring and explosion in rock pillar.In rock pillar, shock blasting can discharge the elasticity energy accumulated in rock pillar to greatest extent, forms release failure zone, reduces globality.Relieving shot is a kind of method the most frequently used in impulsion pressure danger releasing measures, and the rock mass meeting bashing after explosion, adds the stability of rock mass or rock pillar, reduce the possibility that bump occurs.
Theoretical according to deep hole blasting, radially form three districts successively from drill center after explosion: crush zone, rupture zone and vibration elastic district.Wherein, the rock of crush zone is pulverized under the effect of explosion wave, and rock becomes powder; Rupture zone rock texture is destroyed, and preexisting crack expansion, produce new crack; Vibration elastic district belongs to elastic deformation area, and its distortion belongs to recoverable deformation, and its rock texture is not subject to brokenly changing.Qian Liang district belongs to plastically deforming area, and its rock texture is damaged, and increasing is increased in crack, and area postrema belongs to elastic deformation area, and rock texture does not change after stress recovery.
Relieving shot local solution can remove strength condition and the energy condition of bump generation simultaneously, namely in the band of rock pillar one fixed width having bump danger, destroy the structure of rock mass, change the physico mechanical characteristic of rock stratum, lengthen the length behind rock mass damage peak, reduce the slope of curve in post-peak area, make it can not gather elasticity and the degree threatening safety or can not reached.
Owing to being shallow buried coal seam, lower from ground drilling hole cost, operating efficiency is high, simultaneously can obtain preliminary release effect, is tentatively discharged by the energy of the roof and floor farthest from coal seam.
Blasting method is as follows:
A, determine borehole depth: the determination of length of shot should meet the principle going deep into area of stress concentration, and explosion scope should at area of stress concentration;
B, determining hole distance: the width determining hole distance according to crush zone and rupture zone makes the fracture area of adjacent two blast holes through;
The principle of determining hole distance for: the failure zone (crush zone and rupture zone) formed after deep hole blasting should be mutually through, to make both be connected to form release drainage completely; According to theory of blasting, best explosion spacing should make the fracture area of adjacent two blast holes through, therefore just can determining hole distance according to the width of crush zone and rupture zone.
C, determine explosive payload: the loaded length of each boring is 1/3 of drilling depth;
Explosive payload is the key parameter of relation unloading pressure by blasting effect, and irrational explosive payload not only can not reach release effect, and also may produce tunnel on the contrary and destroy, even bring out bump, therefore reasonably explosive payload is very important.
D, selection blasting method: adopting millisecond detonator grouping explosion, detonates in each 3 ~ 5 holes simultaneously.
B, the coal seam of exploitation carried out to the softening and relieving shot of water filling;
Coal-bed flooding is to pumping water into coal by high pressure, to change the physical property of coal body and produce crack around coal and rock, play and reduce coal body compressive strength and destroy original structure to discharge the energy of accumulation, reduce the object of suffered stress, the unidirectional compressive strength of coal measure strata rock stratum reduces along with the increase of water content.
Coal-bed flooding is softened with the method for relieving shot as follows:
A, determine hole depth and pitch-row: 1. selected hole depth, pitch-row can make coal body generally moistening, do not occur large without pool; 2. coal seam across strike and to move towards direction simultaneously moistening; 3. hole through the dirt band in coal seam, and do not wear to roof and floor;
Reduce the workload of boring, but with can not because holing too short or spacing is excessive and make water injection time long, boring should not worn to roof and floor, to increase the moistening uniformity of each naturally little layering through the dirt band in coal seam as far as possible.
Affect the principal element of hole depth, pitch-row: the 1. water permeability in coal seam: the water permeability in coal seam determines the movement velocity of water in coal body, thus have a direct impact hole depth and pitch-row, when work plane tilt length is equal, the coal seam strong to water permeability, inclination angle is larger, the lower degree of depth to hole can select smaller value, its pitch of holes can choose higher value, otherwise then should strengthen hole depth and reduce pitch-row; 2. seam inclination: inclination angle is larger, the deadweight factor impact of water is more remarkable, and to the degree of depth in hole under can suitably shortening in the coal seam that water permeability is strong, to prevent water from infiltrating machine lane very soon, Shi Ji lane rib sluices too early, affects and moves towards the moistening of coal body on direction.3. stope width: generally, the degree of depth of angling hole increases with the increasing of stope width, to ensure moistening work plane total length in predetermined water injection time.But should note making Di Yuxiaji lane, hole rib keep enough distances, when preventing coal body not yet moistening, sluice from machine lane rib.4. the thickness in coal seam and geological structure situation: in girdle, for avoiding boring to import roof and floor into, suitably can shorten drilling depth, extend water injection time, reach whole moistening coal body; At complicated geological, change of pitch angle is comparatively large, when fold tomography is closeer, is the concrete degree of depth that principle determines each hole, makes every effort to have good drilling quality and flood effectiveness according to avoiding geological structure.5. water injection pressure and water injection time: water injection pressure and water injection time and drilling depth and pitch-row have stronger correlation, and when water injection pressure is higher, injection flow is comparatively large, when boring radius of wetted bulb is larger, can the suitably degree of depth of reduction holes and increase pitch of holes; When water injection pressure is certain, if allow that there is longer water injection time in every hole, can the suitably degree of depth of reduction holes and increase pitch of holes.
B, determine water injection pressure and water injection time: water injection pressure remains on 6-10MPa, the method adopting high pressure and static pressure water filling to combine, maintains more than 6MPa with manual pump regulating static, and uses two emulsion pump alternations;
Loosening blasting in c, hole: sealing of hole after explosion or first explosion after first sealing of hole, makes loose coal in hole be conducive to pumping water into coal;
D, selection water flooding regime: adopt intermittent water flooding method, and add surfactant in water.
Also should ensure into porosity to improve flood effectiveness, first will choose water injection hole position, ensure one-step pore-creating; As occurred, boring is discarded, and again selected bore position should keep larger distance with discarded boring, bursts to avoid hole packer and seeps water from discarded hole.
Two emulsion pump alternations are in order to avoid water temperature over-high.
Adopt intermittent water flooding method, be conducive to eliminating the bubble showing to cover, improve capillarity and improve wettability effect; Simultaneously when intermittent water flooding, different sluicing places can be selected.
After water enters coal body, first along crack, joint flows fast, after water encloses the coal cinder cut by crack, then slowly through small space to coal cinder internal penetration.Its process mainly relies on capillary force, (capillary force refers to the active force that the liquid that can make its tube wall wetting in capillary tube rises naturally, this power directional liquid concave surface towards direction, its size is directly proportional to the surface tension of this liquid, be inversely proportional to capillary radius, in capillary porosity, stratum, often show as the pressure differential of two-phase immiscible liquids curved interface both sides.) water is to the moistening corner of coal, reaction coal is to the attraction of hydrone, and moistening corner is less, and capillary force is larger, therefore in water, adds some surfactants, can improve capillary force, accelerates waterflood injection rate, improves water-injection efficiency.
After C, working seam, the roof and floor in deep hole blasting coal seam, the outstanding top of early cut-off roof and floor, discharge the elasticity of flexure energy gathered, 2 is deep hole blasting position after seam mining; Blasting method is identical with steps A.
After coal body exploitation by deep hole blasting from the roof and floor close to coal seam, change the stress distribution of rock or rock pillar, significantly discharge impact energy, reduce further damaging impact dangerous.
After D, seam mining, non-combustible article are filled into work plane goaf.
In step D, the placement method in goaf can adopt hydraulic fill technique, flyash filling process, filling-up pneumatically technique, spoil self-slide filling technique, spoil banded filling process, high concentration slurries filling process, groating at bed seperated zone technology, paste body filling technique, ultrahigh water material filling technique or colliery paste-like backfill technique.
Filling system is exactly that the non-combustible article such as discarded spoil are filled into the inbreak that controlroof is carried out in work plane goaf, to reach the object of safety management top board.Filling mining is controllably shown, and preserves the ecological environment, and forms lasting exploit.According to the difference of charges, filling mining is divided into solid waste filling, paste body filling, ultrahigh water filling etc. several; Above-mentioned several placement method can be divided into according to the difference of filling process, below concise and to the point describe described in several placement methods.
Hydraulic fill technique: hydraulic fill method adopts Hydraulic transportation mode, by filling pipeline, filling slurry sent into the process for filling coal mine goaf that filling is carried out in goaf;
Flyash filling process: flyash filling method is, by filling pipeline, discarded flyash is sent into the technique that filling is carried out in goaf;
Filling-up pneumatically technique: filling-up pneumatically coal-mining method utilizes compressed-air actuated blast, filler is transported to down-hole storage bin by vertical duct, then goaf blastower is transported to by common conveyer, blastower utilizes blast, by filling pipeline, filler is transported to goaf and carries out filling;
Spoil self-slide filling technique: spoil self-slide filling technique spoil is directly transported by driving face with novel auxiliary vehicle such as overhead trolley, tooth rail car or road railers, is dumped into goaf, when seam inclination is larger, spoil self-slide filling method is adopted to carry out filling to goaf;
The banded filling process of spoil: spoil rib fill is along work plane open-off cut or direction of propulsion, assembles a spoil at a certain distance and brings roof supporting, to reach the object reducing surface subsidence;
High concentration slurries filling process: goaf high concentration slurries filling the height of paste is consolidated low aqueous slurry after the preparation of ground, with Cemented filling ore deposit mining face under mine, the bashing while of in advance of the face process, utilize caving zone characteristic, before space between erecting dense individual props spoil is not compacted, by boring to the slip casting of absciss layer space, the fine fraction slurry with solidification function fills absciss layer and falling space, within the limited time filler and caved gangue cementing after, form the sillar common support overlying rock of firming body and inbreak, have sent the physico-mechanical properties of goaf overlying rock, play the effect slowing down earth's surface distortion,
Groating at bed seperated zone technology: groating at bed seperated zone refers under certain geological conditions, when exploitation space reaches certain size, in the joint portion certain limit of goaf overlying rock Fracture band and curved bel, rock stratum there will be absciss layer, in Rock Bed_Seperated Zone, the fillers such as flyash are injected by surface drilling, and in rock mass, form a kind of braced structures carry out control overlying mining rock, and then reach and control the object of surface subsidence;
Paste body filling technique: paste body filling is after the extraction of coal seam before roof collapse, the solid waste such as gangue, flyash, inferior soil are made into without critical flow velocity, the paste slurry not needing dehydration, by pump pressure or Action of Gravity Field, through Cemented filling to stope, filling is carried out to a part of space in goaf, constructs alternate filling band, by filling ribbon support overlying strata, in good time bashing, paste body filling divides cementing paste body filling, non-cementing lotion is filled out.This filling technique has the advantages such as high recovery ratio, environmental protection, high security, pipeline transport, Material selec-tion be extensive;
Ultrahigh water material filling technique: ultrahigh water material filling technology adopts High-water quick consolidated filling materials as filler, and adopts waterpower pumping, satchel filling; Its typical process flow is as follows: make High-water quick consolidated filling materials, material is delivered to pump, then carries out filling by pumping, monitors filling situation at any time;
Preferably, the ultrahigh water material in ultrahigh water material filling technique is ZKD type High-water quick consolidated filling materials; ZKD type high percentage of water rapid solidifying material is made up of first material, second material two kinds of components, first, second material with weight ratio 1:1 with the use of, wherein first material take sulphoaluminate cement clinker as base material, form with suspending agent and a small amount of super-retarder mix grinding, second material is formed by mix grindings such as lime, gypsum, suspending agent and compound fast coagulating early strength agents;
Colliery paste-like backfill technique: colliery paste-like backfill technology utilizes full sand cementing material (to select industrial residue, as boiling furnace slag, slag, blast furnace slag, add appropriate natural minerals and chemical activator again, through levigate, the techniques such as homogenizing, a kind of granular material made) make adhesive material, industrial refuse or river sand etc. make aggregate, the fine fraction sand (-37 μm) of 15% ~ 30% is equipped with in aggregate, making weight concentration is 74% ~ 76%, outward appearance is similar to the same slurry of lotion (being referred to as " Paste-like body ") and carries out filling, be called " paste-like backfill ", paste-like backfill slip had both had the good mobility of hydraulic fill slip, there is again the advantage that paste body filling intensity is high, do not dewater in down-hole, colliery paste-like backfill technology improves the mining environment of down-hole, reduce mining with stowing expense, improve mining with stowing production efficiency, improve safe mining level, paste-like backfill can also control Ground pressure activity effectively, and avoids the generation of breeding fire.
For the exploitation of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam, because the space, goaf stayed after exploitation can make adjacent strata or rock pillar unstability, and then bring out bump, after bashing, add the stability of adjacent strata or rock pillar, thus can effectively preventing bump.
Further, inclination angle as shown in Figure 2 adopts horizontal fragmentation mining mining type close to the coal seam of 90 °.
Mining extraction system is in coal seam, the longwall mining work plane arranging mining height 2m ~ 3m in bottom of segmentation, utilize fully mechanized coal winning technology or other process for stoping to carry out back production, and utilize the effect of mine pressure or be aided with artificial loosening after method makes the crushing voerhead coal above support become a prose style free from parallelism and released and the coal-mining method reclaimed by support rear or top.
Prevention and controls done by the bump phenomenon that the present invention produces mainly for shallow embedding half-edge coal seam, by the roof and floor in presplit blasting coal seam, ground drilling hole to rock stratum or the preliminary release of rock pillar, for seam mining work provides safety precaution; And the softening and relieving shot of water filling is carried out to the coal seam of exploitation, reduce its burst trend sexual type; By the roof and floor in deep hole blasting coal seam after seam mining, the outstanding top of early cut-off roof and floor, discharges the elasticity of flexure energy gathered further on a large scale; Last bashing in time, prevent roof and floor rock pillar generation fracture destability, it sinks to slow down earth's surface deform ation prevention, reduces the destruction to ecological environment; This method can prevent adjoining rock or rock pillar fracture to bring out strong rock blast hazard preferably, and that effectively can reduce shallow embedding steeply-inclined seam mining process medium power disaster manifests intensity, reduces workman's Loss of Life and property of mine.
Claims (6)
1. a prevention and controls for shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Before A, working seam, from adjoining rock or the rock pillar in presplit blasting coal seam, ground drilling hole;
B, the coal seam of exploitation carried out to the softening and relieving shot of water filling;
After C, working seam, the roof and floor in deep hole blasting coal seam, the outstanding top of early cut-off roof and floor, discharges the elasticity of flexure energy gathered;
After D, seam mining, non-combustible article are filled into work plane goaf.
2. the prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the blasting method in steps A, step B and step C is as follows:
A, determine borehole depth: the determination of length of shot should meet the principle going deep into area of stress concentration, and explosion scope should at area of stress concentration;
B, determining hole distance: the width determining hole distance according to crush zone and rupture zone makes the fracture area of adjacent two blast holes through;
C, determine explosive payload: the loaded length of each boring is 1/3 of drilling depth;
D, selection blasting method: adopting millisecond detonator grouping explosion, detonates in each 3 ~ 5 holes simultaneously.
3. the prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt coal-bed flooding to soften with the method for relieving shot in step B as follows:
A, determine hole depth and pitch-row: 1. selected hole depth, pitch-row can make coal body generally moistening, do not occur large without pool; 2. coal seam across strike and to move towards direction simultaneously moistening; 3. hole through the dirt band in coal seam, and do not wear to roof and floor;
B, determine water injection pressure and water injection time: water injection pressure remains on 6-10MPa, the method adopting high pressure and static pressure water filling to combine, maintains more than 6MPa with manual pump regulating static, and uses two emulsion pump alternations;
Loosening blasting in c, hole: sealing of hole after explosion or first explosion after first sealing of hole, makes loose coal in hole be conducive to pumping water into coal;
D, selection water flooding regime: adopt intermittent water flooding method, and add surfactant in water.
4. the prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step D, the placement method in goaf can adopt hydraulic fill technique, flyash filling process, filling-up pneumatically technique, spoil self-slide filling technique, spoil banded filling process, high concentration slurries filling process, groating at bed seperated zone technology, paste body filling technique, ultrahigh water material filling technique or colliery paste-like backfill technique.
5. the prevention and controls of shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the ultrahigh water material in ultrahigh water material filling technique is ZKD type High-water quick consolidated filling materials.
6. the prevention and controls of the shallow embedding half-edge coal seam bump according to the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that: inclination angle adopts horizontal fragmentation mining mining type close to the coal seam of 90 °.
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| CN104847351A (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2015-08-19 | 西安科技大学 | Three-dimensional roof controlling method for fully mechanized caving of steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seam |
| CN105422100A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-03-23 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Horizontally segmented high yield roadway layout for sharply inclined coal bed and coal caving mode |
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