CN115030719A - Method for preventing and controlling rock burst by combining hydraulic fracturing of thick and hard rock stratum with pressure relief of coal seam - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling rock burst by combining hydraulic fracturing of thick and hard rock stratum with pressure relief of coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling rock burst by combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick and hard rock stratum with pressure relief of a coal bed. The hydraulic coal mining method is adopted for completely relieving pressure of the coal bed, the mine pressure impact prevention and control are carried out from the source, and the determination principle of the hole diameter and the distance of the drill hole is creatively provided; meanwhile, the complete pressure relief of the coal body is beneficial to the extraction of gas, and the gas extraction is not needed during the stoping. In addition, the construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can make up through grouting filling. Because only hydraulic fracturing of partial thick and hard rock stratum is carried out, the construction work amount is greatly reduced, the pressure relief and gas control effects of the coal bed are good, and the production speed of a working face and the recovery efficiency can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mine impact mine pressure, in particular to an impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of deep thick and hard rock strata and coal seam pressure relief.
Background
The rock burst refers to the dynamic phenomenon of sudden and violent damage of coal rock mass around a coal mine roadway or a working face due to the instantaneous release of elastic deformation energy, and is often accompanied by instantaneous displacement, throwing, loud sound, air waves and the like of the coal rock mass, so that coal mine personnel are easily injured. In general, the existence of thick hard rock layers in the overburden rock is an important factor for generating impact mine pressure, and due to the existence of the thick hard rock layers, the thick hard rock layers are difficult to break, so that the fracture distance is large, one-time pressure release is large when the thick hard rock layers are broken, and huge impact is caused. In the prior art, the method is mainly implemented by means of top cutting pressure relief or ground hydraulic fracturing, and the specific top cutting mode and the hydraulic fracturing scheme are various; roof cutting and pressure relief are generally carried out on two roadways of a working face, are interfered by construction space limitation and other construction procedures, and have low efficiency and poor effect; the ground hydraulic fracturing can adopt large-scale mechanical equipment, has high construction efficiency and good fracturing effect, but when a plurality of layers of thick and hard rock stratums exist, all the thick and hard rock stratums are mostly fractured, resources are wasted, and the coal mining process is influenced. In addition, the method for removing the coal directional drilling holes from the ground for pressure relief of the coal bed in the prior art does not clearly determine the hole diameter and the distance of the coal removing drilling holes, if the distance is small, the construction quantity is large, the distance is large, the pressure relief effect cannot be achieved, air leakage is caused on a working face due to the coal removing drilling holes, mine ventilation is not facilitated, and when gas exists in the coal bed, gas accumulation is easily caused, so that gas explosion construction is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
To the aboveThe invention provides a method for preventing and controlling rock burst by combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick and hard rock stratum and pressure relief of a coal seam, which has the defects in the prior art and comprises the following steps: s1, determining the position of a thick hard rock layer in the overlying strata; s2, constructing a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole from the ground, wherein the horizontal section of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole is constructed in the thick hard rock stratum and is parallel to the advancing direction of the working face; directional drilling by hydraulic fracturing to distance from coal seam roof H c Performing hydraulic fracturing on the thick hard rock stratum within the range to form horizontal fractures in the thick hard rock stratum; s3, performing coal drawing directional drilling from the ground, wherein a plurality of horizontal sections of the coal drawing directional drilling are constructed in a coal seam of a working face, and the horizontal sections of the coal drawing directional drilling extend along the trend and are distributed at intervals along the trend; regarding coal bodies between adjacent horizontal sections of the coal digging directional drilling holes as strip coal columns, wherein the distance between the horizontal sections of the coal digging directional drilling holes ensures that the strip coal columns only have a relaxation area and a plastic area but not an elastic area, so that the pressure of the coal bodies on the whole working surface is completely relieved; s4, performing gas extraction through coal mining directional drilling; s5, constructing a coal mining roadway and opening and cutting the roadway to communicate; and S6, performing face extraction.
In step S2, the hydraulic fracturing divides the thick and hard rock stratum into multiple thin rock strata, so that the coal seam is separated from the top plate H of the coal seam after mining c The cumulative amount of crushing and swelling of the rock stratum within the range is not less than the mining height of the coal bed.
In step S3, constructing coal mining directional drilling horizontal sections at coal mining level drift positions at two sides of the inclined working face; at this time, in step S5, coal mining drifts including a haulage drift and a return air drift are constructed along the coal mining directional drilling horizontal sections at both sides of the inclined working face and communicated with each other by cutting holes.
Further, in step S3, the expansion coefficient of the coal body from the elastic state to the relaxed state and the plastic state is determined so that the total expansion of the ribbon coal pillar just fills the aperture of the horizontal section of the coal digging directional drilling hole.
Preferably, the method further comprises S7, during the working face recovery process, the lag coal face is constructed on the ground to detect whether the separation is generated or not until the drill hole is close to the coal seam and the lower part of the thick hard rock layer which is not subjected to hydraulic fracturing is detected, and if the separation is generated, the separation is filled.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling the pressure relief of a hydraulic fracturing thick and hard rock stratum and a coal bed into a whole by controlling the pressure relief of the rock burst. The hydraulic coal mining method is adopted for complete pressure relief of the coal seam, the mine pressure impact prevention and control are carried out from the source, and the determination principle of the hole diameter and the distance of the drill hole is creatively provided; meanwhile, the coal body is completely decompressed, so that gas extraction is facilitated, and the gas extraction is not required during the stoping. In addition, the construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can make up through grouting filling. Because only hydraulic fracturing of partial thick and hard rock stratum is carried out, the construction work amount is greatly reduced, the pressure relief and gas control effects of the coal bed are good, and the production speed of a working face and the recovery efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling the impulsive mine pressure by combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick and hard rock stratum with pressure relief of a coal seam according to the invention;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1, 2 thick hard rock layers, 3 horizontal cracks, 4 working faces, 5 coal mining drifts and 6 coal drawing and drilling holes.
Detailed Description
A method for preventing and controlling the rock burst by combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock stratum and pressure relief of a coal seam comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the position of a thick hard rock stratum 2 in the overburden rock based on the lithology and the thickness of the stratum, wherein the thick hard rock stratum 2 comprises a key layer and other obvious rock strata with larger thickness and stronger lithology; the key layer can be determined by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation based on stratum drilling columnar shape and mechanical parameters of each stratum; other obvious thick hard rock layers are rock layers with larger thickness and stronger lithology except the key layer, and can be judged based on experience; as shown in fig. 1, the formation above the coal seam has a total of 6 hard rock layers, and if hydraulic fracturing is performed on all the hard rock layers, the construction amount is large, so that the mining cost is increased, and the mining efficiency of the coal seam is reduced.
S2, constructing a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole (not shown in the figure) from the ground 1, wherein the vertical section of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole is constructed above the coal pillar on the mountain, and the horizontal section of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole is constructed in the thick and hard rock stratum and is parallel to the advancing direction of a working face; directional drilling through hydraulic fracturing to distance from coal seam roof H c Performing hydraulic fracturing on the thick hard rock stratum within the range, forming a horizontal crack 3 in the thick hard rock stratum 2, dividing the thick hard rock stratum 2 into a plurality of layers of thin rock stratums, and enabling the coal seam to be separated from the coal seam roof H after mining c The crushing and swelling accumulated amount of the rock stratum within the range is not less than the coal seam mining height; wherein, the layering condition can refer to fig. 1, so that the thickness of each thin layer is between 4 and 6m, because too thick can not reduce the effect of impacting mine pressure, and too small can increase the construction difficulty and increase the construction cost; the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole is in a one-hole multi-bottom drilling mode and comprises a vertical section and a plurality of horizontal sections corresponding to different layers.
Further, the formula (K) may be adopted a -1)·H c Determining H at not less than M c In the formula (II) is c The range of the rock stratum from the top plate of the coal bed is shown, M is the mining height of the coal bed, Ka is the average crushing expansion coefficient of the rock mass, and the value is 1.2-1.5 according to different mechanical properties of the coal rock mass.
As shown in fig. 1, a 6-layer hard rock stratum exists in the stratum, only 3-layer hard rock stratum close to the working face is subjected to hydraulic fracturing, namely, only deep thick hard rock stratum is subjected to hydraulic horizontal fracturing, the space generated by coal seam mining is offset through the broken expansion of the deep rock stratum, and then the thick hard rock stratum which is not fractured at the upper part is supported through the broken rock mass, so that stress concentration/transfer is reduced, and the control of ore impact pressure is performed from inducement; therefore, the construction amount can be reduced by half in terms of hydraulic fracturing engineering amount, and the coal mining time of the working face is shortened by half; and because the construction scheme of one hole with multiple bottoms is adopted, the hydraulic fracturing efficiency can be further improved.
S3, performing coal directional drilling from the ground 1, and performing coal directional drilling on the vertical section above the coal pillar (not shown in the figure)Shown), a plurality of coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections 6 are constructed in the coal bed of the working face 4, the coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections 6 extend along the trend (the advancing direction of the working face) and are distributed at intervals along the inclination (the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction of the working face), and the coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections 6 are constructed at the coal mining drifts 5 at the two sides of the inclination of the working face 4; regarding coal bodies between adjacent coal mining directional drilling horizontal sections 6 as strip coal columns, wherein the distance between the coal mining directional drilling horizontal sections 6 is ensured to only have a relaxation area and a plastic area but not an elastic area, so that the pressure of the coal bodies on the whole working surface is completely relieved; the coal body can expand after being decompressed, and the expansion coefficient of the coal body which is converted from an elastic state to a relaxed state and a plastic state is measured, so that the total expansion amount of the coal pillar strip just fills the aperture of the horizontal section of the coal digging directional drilling hole; at the moment, if the aperture is too large, residual holes exist in the working face, ventilation is affected, and if the aperture is too small, pressure relief of the coal pillar is affected, so that an elastic area still exists due to insufficient pressure relief; the widths of the relaxation area and the plastic area adopt a Wilson coal pillar yield area width simplified formula x 0 0.00492MH, where x 0 The width of a loose area and a plastic area on one side of a coal pillar of the strip belt is M, the mining height of the coal bed is M, and H is the buried depth of the coal bed.
Taking the coal seam buried depth H as 600M and the coal seam mining height M as an example, based on a wilson coal pillar yielding area width calculation formula, the widths of a slack area and a plastic area on one side of a coal pillar are 14.76M, and because the coal pillar has no elastic area, the width of the coal pillar is 29.52M, namely the distance between horizontal sections of adjacent coal mining directional drilling holes is not more than 29.52M, and 26M is taken; through laboratory tests or referring to the breaking and swelling coefficient of a coal rock mass, the expansion coefficient of the coal body which is changed from an elastic state to a relaxed state and a plastic state is 1.1 (the strength of the coal is smaller than that of a rock stratum, the coal is only considered to be unloaded, and the coal is not compressed again after caving, so the coal is smaller in value), the transverse breaking and swelling amount/transverse breaking and swelling width which can be increased by one coal pillar is determined to be 2.6m, the width of a coal digging directional drilling hole is 2.8m, and a certain margin is increased because the influences of coal digging residues and irregular residual coal bodies in the axial direction of the drilling hole need to be considered.
Because the coal mining directional drilling horizontal section 6 is constructed at the position of the coal mining drift 5 at the two sides of the working face 4, the width of the working face can be 26n +2.8(n-1) + the width of two drifts, wherein the two drifts comprise 2 coal mining directional drilling holes, n is 8, and the width of each drift is 6m, for example 239.6 m.
The construction process of the coal directional drilling comprises the following steps: mechanical reaming coal mining, hydraulic reaming coal mining and aerodynamic flowback coal mining are sequentially adopted; the mechanical hole expanding and coal drawing is to expand the volume of a cave step by step through mechanical hole expanding drill bits with different sizes; the hydraulic reaming coal digging is to use a hydraulic jet tool to carry out coal digging construction and enlarge the volume of a cave; the aerodynamic backflow coal digging is that water and coal scraps in a drill hole are returned to the ground in a gas lift mode, and finally coal digging directional drilling is conducted until the hole diameter is 2.8 m.
Wherein the hydraulic fracturing directional bore and the coal cutting directional bore may share a vertical section. The coal digging directional drilling hole is a one-hole multi-bottom drilling hole and comprises a vertical section and a plurality of horizontal sections corresponding to different inclined positions of the working face.
S4, performing gas extraction through coal mining directional drilling; because the coal bodies on the whole working surface are in a loose state or a plastic state, the cracks of the coal bodies are uniformly developed and are completely communicated, and the gas extraction efficiency and the gas extraction effect can be greatly improved; the traditional hydraulic fracturing construction can lead the coal bed to contain water, the water occupies a part of cracks, the connectivity of the cracks of the hydraulic fracturing is not good, the gas extraction is not facilitated, and at least the gas extraction effect is far inferior to that of the coal mining pressure relief scheme adopted by the scheme.
S5, constructing a coal mining drift 5 along the coal mining directional drilling horizontal sections 6 at two sides of the working face 4, and opening and communicating the coal mining drift, wherein the coal mining drift comprises a transportation drift and a return air drift; the width of the coal mining roadway can be designed based on the coal mining requirements of equipment transportation and the like, and the value is 6m if the width is selected;
s6, carrying out working face extraction;
s7, in the working face recovery process, the lag coal face is constructed on the ground, a detection borehole is drilled to the lower portion of the thick hard rock layer which is closest to the coal bed and is not subjected to hydraulic fracturing, whether separation is generated at the position is detected, and if the separation is generated, the separation is filled. The construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can make up through grouting filling.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preventing and controlling the rock burst by combining the hydraulic fracturing of the thick and hard rock stratum with the pressure relief of the coal bed is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, determining the position of the thick hard rock layer in the overlying strata; s2, constructing a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole from the ground, wherein the horizontal section of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole is constructed in the thick hard rock stratum and is parallel to the advancing direction of the working face; directional drilling through hydraulic fracturing to distance from coal seam roof H c Performing hydraulic fracturing on the thick hard rock stratum within the range to form horizontal fractures in the thick hard rock stratum; s3, performing coal drawing directional drilling from the ground, wherein a plurality of horizontal sections of the coal drawing directional drilling are constructed in a coal seam of a working face, and the horizontal sections of the coal drawing directional drilling extend along the trend and are distributed at intervals along the trend; regarding coal bodies between adjacent horizontal sections of the coal mining directional drilling holes as strip coal pillars, wherein the distance between the horizontal sections of the coal mining directional drilling holes ensures that the strip coal pillars only have a loose area and a plastic area but not have an elastic area, so that the pressure of the coal bodies on the whole working surface is completely relieved; s4, performing gas extraction through coal mining directional drilling; s5, constructing a coal mining roadway and opening and cutting the roadway to communicate; and S6, performing face extraction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises measuring the expansion coefficient of the coal body from the elastic state to the relaxed state and the plastic state, and making the total expansion amount of the coal pillar strip just fill the aperture of the horizontal section of the coal directional drilling hole.
3. The impulse mine pressure protector of claim 1 or 2The method is characterized in that in step S2, hydraulic fracturing divides a thick and hard rock stratum into a plurality of thin rock strata so that the coal seam is separated from the top plate H of the coal seam after mining c The cumulative amount of crushing and swelling of the rock stratum within the range is not less than the mining height of the coal bed.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S3, coal mining level sections are constructed at coal mining roadway positions on both sides of the working face.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S5, a coal mining drift including a haulage drift and a return air drift is constructed along the coal mining directional drilling horizontal section on both sides of the working face inclination and is communicated with the cut hole.
6. The impulse mine pressure control method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising S7, wherein during the face extraction, the lag coal face is constructed on the ground to detect whether a separation is generated in the lower part of the thick hard rock layer nearest to the coal seam and not subjected to hydraulic fracturing, and if so, the separation is filled.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117027934A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-bearing layer drainage hole arrangement method for coal mine roof water damage treatment |
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| CN104213919A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Prevention method of shallow-buried steeply-inclined coal seam rock burst |
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| CN117027934A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-bearing layer drainage hole arrangement method for coal mine roof water damage treatment |
| CN117027934B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2024-06-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-bearing layer drainage hole arrangement method for coal mine roof water damage treatment |
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