CN115030719B - Impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of thick and hard rock stratum and coal seam pressure relief - Google Patents
Impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of thick and hard rock stratum and coal seam pressure relief Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock layer and coal seam pressure relief, which only carries out hydraulic horizontal fracturing on the thick hard rock layer at the deep part, counteracts the space generated by coal seam exploitation through the broken expansion of the deep rock layer, and further supports the thick hard rock layer which is not fractured at the upper part through the broken expansion rock body, thereby preventing and controlling the impact mine pressure from the cause. The hydraulic coal drawing mode is adopted for the coal bed to completely relieve pressure, the impact mine pressure control is carried out from the source, and the determination principle of the bore diameter and the distance of the drill holes is creatively provided; meanwhile, the coal body is completely depressurized, so that gas extraction is facilitated, and gas extraction is not needed during stoping. In addition, the construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can be compensated by grouting filling. Because only partial thick hard rock stratum hydraulic fracturing is carried out, the construction work amount is greatly reduced, the pressure relief and gas control effects of the coal bed are good, and the production rate of the working face and the recovery efficiency can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mine impact mine pressure, in particular to an impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of deep thick hard rock stratum and coal seam pressure relief.
Background
The impact mine pressure (rock burst) refers to a dynamic phenomenon of sudden and severe damage to coal and rock mass around a coal mine roadway or a working face due to instantaneous release of elastic deformation energy, and is often accompanied by instantaneous displacement, throwing, ringing, air wave and the like of the coal and rock mass, so that coal mine personnel are easily injured. In general, the existence of a thick hard rock layer in a cover rock is an important factor for generating impact mine pressure, and the thick hard rock layer is difficult to fracture to lead to large fracture spacing, so that once pressure release is carried out when the thick hard rock layer is fractured, and huge impact is caused. For the prior art, the method is mostly treated by roof cutting and pressure relief or ground hydraulic fracturing means, and the specific roof cutting mode and hydraulic fracturing scheme are various; roof cutting and pressure relief are generally carried out on two lanes of a working face, are limited by construction space and are interfered by other construction procedures, and have low efficiency and poor effect; the ground hydraulic fracturing can adopt large mechanical equipment, the construction efficiency is high, the fracturing effect is good, but when a plurality of layers of thick hard rock layers exist, all the thick hard rock layers are mostly fractured, and resources are wasted to influence the coal mining process. In addition, the method for releasing pressure of the coal seam by directional drilling of the coal drawing from the ground construction provided by the prior art does not clearly determine the aperture and the interval of the coal drawing drilling, if the interval is small, the construction amount is large, the interval is large, the pressure releasing effect cannot be achieved, the working face generates air leakage due to the existence of the coal drawing drilling, mine ventilation is not facilitated, and when gas exists in the coal seam, gas accumulation is easy to cause, and then gas explosion construction is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock layer and coal seam pressure relief, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the position of a thick hard rock stratum in a overburden; s2, constructing hydraulic fracturing directional drilling holes from the ground, wherein horizontal sections of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling holes are constructed in the thick and hard rock layer and are parallel to the advancing direction of the working surface; directional drilling of distance coal seam roof H through hydraulic fracturing c Hydraulic fracturing is carried out on the thick and hard rock stratum within the range, and horizontal cracks are formed in the thick and hard rock stratum; s3, constructing coal-drawing directional drilling holes from the ground, wherein a plurality of coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal sections are constructed in the coal layer of the working surface, extend along the trend and are distributed at intervals along the trend; regarding the coal bodies between adjacent coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections as strip coal pillars, wherein the distance between the coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections ensures that the strip coal pillars only have a relaxation area and a plastic area and have no elastic area, so that the coal bodies of the whole working surface are completely depressurized; s4, gas extraction is carried out through coal drawing directional drilling; s5, constructing a coal mining gallery and communicating with the cutting hole; s6, working face stoping is carried out.
In step S2, the thick hard rock layer is divided into a plurality of layers of thin rock layers by hydraulic fracturing, so that the distance from the roof H of the coal seam after the coal seam is mined c The accumulated amount of the broken expansion of the rock stratum in the range is not less than the mining height of the coal seam.
In the step S3, a coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal section is constructed at the position of the coal mining gallery on two sides of the working face; at this time, in step S5, a coal mining gallery is constructed along the horizontal section of the directional drilling hole of the coal drawn on the two sides of the working face, and the coal mining galleries are communicated by cutting holes, wherein the coal mining gallery comprises a transportation gallery and a return air gallery.
Further, in step S3, the expansion coefficients of the coal body from the elastic state to the relaxed state and the plastic state are measured, so that the total expansion amount of the strip coal pillar just fills the aperture of the horizontal section of the directional drilling hole of the coal.
Preferably, the method further comprises S7, during the working face stoping process, the lagging coal face is constructed and drilled on the ground to detect whether a separation layer is generated or not at the lower part of the thick hard rock stratum which is closest to the coal seam and is not subjected to hydraulic fracturing, and if so, the separation layer is filled.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention relates to an impact mine pressure prevention and control method integrating hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock layer and coal seam pressure relief, which only carries out hydraulic horizontal fracturing on the thick hard rock layer at the deep part, counteracts the space generated by coal seam mining through the broken expansion of the deep rock layer, further supports the thick hard rock layer which is not fractured at the upper part through the broken expansion rock body, reduces stress concentration/transfer and carries out impact mine pressure prevention and control from the cause. The hydraulic coal drawing mode is adopted for the coal bed to completely release pressure, the impact mine pressure control is carried out from the source, and the determination principle of the bore diameter and the distance of the drilling holes is creatively provided; meanwhile, the coal body is completely depressurized, so that gas extraction is facilitated, and gas extraction is not needed during stoping. In addition, the construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can be compensated by grouting filling. Because only partial thick hard rock stratum hydraulic fracturing is carried out, the construction work amount is greatly reduced, the pressure relief and gas control effects of the coal bed are good, and the production rate of the working face and the recovery efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of controlling percussion mine pressure in combination with hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock formation and coal seam pressure relief according to the present invention;
in the figure: ground 1, thick hard rock layer 2, horizontal crack 3, working face 4, coal mining gallery 5, coal digging drilling 6.
Detailed Description
An impact mine pressure prevention and control method combining hydraulic fracturing of a thick hard rock layer and coal seam pressure relief comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the position of a thick hard rock layer 2 in a overburden based on stratum lithology and thickness, wherein the thick hard rock layer 2 comprises a key layer and other obvious rock layers with larger thickness and stronger lithology; the key layer can be determined by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation based on stratum drilling columnar and mechanical parameters of each stratum; other obvious thick hard rock layers are other rock layers with larger thickness and stronger lithology except the key layers, and can be judged based on experience; as shown in fig. 1, the stratum above the coal seam has 6 layers of hard strata, if hydraulic fracturing is performed on all the hard strata, the construction work amount is large, the exploitation cost is increased, and the exploitation efficiency of the coal seam is reduced.
S2, constructing a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole (not shown in the figure) from the ground 1, wherein a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole vertical section is constructed above a climbing coal pillar, and a hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole horizontal section is constructed in a thick and hard rock layer and is parallel to the advancing direction of a working surface; directional drilling of distance coal seam roof H through hydraulic fracturing c Hydraulic fracturing is carried out on thick and hard rock layers in a range, horizontal cracks 3 are formed in the thick and hard rock layers 2, the thick and hard rock layers 2 are divided into a plurality of layers of thin rock layers, and the distance from a coal seam roof H after coal seam mining c The accumulated crushing and expanding amount of the rock stratum in the range is not less than the mining height of the coal seam; wherein, the layering condition can refer to fig. 1, so that the thickness of each thin layer is between 4 and 6m, because the effect of reducing the impact mine pressure is not achieved due to the excessive thickness, and the construction difficulty and the construction cost are increased due to the excessively small thickness; the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole adopts a hole multi-bottom drilling mode, and comprises a vertical section and a plurality of horizontal sections corresponding to different layers.
In addition, the formula (K a -1)·H c Determination of H by M c Wherein H is c For the range of the rock stratum away from the roof of the coal seam, M is the coal seam mining height, ka is the average crushing expansion coefficient of the rock mass, and the value is 1.2-1.5 according to different mechanical properties of the coal rock mass.
As shown in fig. 1, 6 layers of hard rock stratum exist in the stratum, only 3 layers of hard rock stratum close to the working face are subjected to hydraulic fracturing, namely, only deep thick hard rock stratum is subjected to hydraulic horizontal fracturing, the space generated by coal seam mining is counteracted through broken expansion of the deep rock stratum, and further the broken expanded rock mass is used for supporting the thick hard rock stratum which is not cracked at the upper part, so that stress concentration/transfer is reduced, and impact mine pressure prevention and control are performed from the cause; therefore, the hydraulic fracturing engineering quantity can be reduced by half, so that the production time of a working face is shortened by half; and because the construction scheme of one hole and multiple bottoms is adopted, the hydraulic fracturing efficiency can be further improved.
S3, constructing coal-drawing directional drilling holes from the ground 1, constructing a vertical section of the coal-drawing directional drilling holes above a coal pillar (not shown in the figure), constructing a plurality of horizontal sections 6 of the coal-drawing directional drilling holes in a coal bed of the working face 4, extending the horizontal sections 6 of the coal-drawing directional drilling holes along the trend (the advancing direction of the working face) and being distributed at intervals along the trend (perpendicular to the advancing direction of the working face), and constructing the horizontal sections 6 of the coal-drawing directional drilling holes at the position of a coal mining gallery 5 on the two sides of the trend of the working face 4; regarding the coal bodies between the adjacent coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal sections 6 as strip coal pillars, the spacing between the coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal sections 6 should ensure that the strip coal pillars only have a relaxation area and a plastic area and no elastic area, so that the coal bodies of the whole working surface are completely depressurized; the coal body expands after pressure relief, and the expansion coefficient of the coal body from an elastic state to a relaxation state and a plastic state is measured, so that the total expansion amount of the strip coal pillar just fills the aperture of the horizontal section of the directional drilling hole for drawing coal; at this time, if the aperture is too large, residual holes exist in the working surface to influence ventilation, and if the aperture is too small, pressure relief of the coal pillar is influenced, so that an elastic region still exists due to insufficient pressure relief; the width of the relaxation zone and the plastic zone adopts Wilson coal pillar yield zone width simplification formula x 0 Determined by = 0.00492MH, where x 0 Is one side of the strip coal pillarThe width of the relaxation area and the width of the plastic area are equal to the width of the M coal seam, and the H is the burial depth of the coal seam.
Taking the coal seam burial depth H=600m and the coal seam mining height M=5m as an example, the width of a relaxation area and a plastic area on one side of a coal pillar can be obtained based on a Wilson coal pillar yield area width calculation formula, and the width of the coal pillar is 29.52M because an elastic area is not arranged in the coal pillar, namely the distance between adjacent coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal sections is not more than 29.52M, and 26M is taken; through laboratory tests or reference coal rock mass expansion coefficient, the coal mass is converted from an elastic state to a relaxation state and a plastic state, the expansion coefficient is 1.1 (the intensity of coal is smaller than that of rock stratum, and only coal pillars are considered to be unloaded and not compressed again after being collapsed, so the value is smaller), the transverse expansion amount/transverse expansion width which can be increased by one coal pillar is determined to be 2.6m, the width of a coal drawing directional drilling hole is determined to be 2.8m, and a certain margin is increased, because the influence of coal drawing residues and irregular residual coal mass in the axial direction of the drilling hole is considered.
Because the horizontal section 6 of the directional drilling of the coal is constructed at the position of the coal mining gallery 5 on the two sides of the working face 4, the width of the working face can be 26n+2.8 (n-1) +two-gallery width, wherein the two galleries comprise 2 directional drilling of the coal, taking 8 as n, and the two galleries are 6m in width as an example 239.6m.
The construction process of the directional drilling of the coal is as follows: sequentially adopting mechanical reaming and coal drawing, hydraulic reaming and coal drawing and aerodynamic back-drainage and coal drawing; the mechanical reaming and coal drawing step by step is to enlarge the cavity volume by mechanical reaming drills with different sizes; hydraulic reaming and coal mining are carried out by using a hydraulic jet tool, so that the cavity volume is enlarged; the aerodynamic back drainage coal drawing adopts a gas lifting mode to back drain water and coal scraps in a drilled hole to the ground, and finally the coal drawing directional drilled hole is constructed until the aperture is 2.8m.
The hydraulic fracturing directional drilling hole and the coal drawing directional drilling hole can share a vertical section. The coal drawing directional drilling is a hole multi-bottom drilling and comprises a vertical section and a plurality of horizontal sections corresponding to different inclined positions of the working face.
S4, gas extraction is carried out through coal drawing directional drilling; because the coal bodies of the whole working surface are in a loose state or a plastic state, the cracks of the coal bodies are uniformly developed and are completely communicated, and the gas extraction efficiency and the gas extraction effect can be greatly improved; the traditional hydraulic fracturing construction can enable water in the coal layer to occupy part of cracks, the connectivity of the cracks of the hydraulic fracturing is poor, gas extraction is not facilitated, and at least the gas extraction effect is far inferior to that of a coal drawing pressure relief scheme adopted in the scheme.
S5, constructing a coal mining gallery 5 along a coal drawing directional drilling horizontal section 6 on two sides of the inclined direction of the working surface 4, and communicating with each other by cutting holes, wherein the coal mining gallery comprises a transportation gallery and a return air gallery; the width of the coal mining gallery can be designed based on the coal mining requirements such as equipment transportation and the like, for example, the value is 6m;
s6, working face stoping is carried out;
and S7, in the working face stoping process, the lagged coal face is constructed on the ground to detect the drilling holes to the lower part of the thick hard rock stratum which is closest to the coal bed and is not subjected to hydraulic fracturing, whether a separation layer is generated or not is detected, and if so, the separation layer is filled. The construction detection drilling hole can detect the supporting effect of the goaf broken rock mass on the overlying thick hard rock stratum and can make up through grouting filling.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The method for controlling the impact mine pressure by combining hydraulic fracturing of the thick hard rock stratum and pressure relief of the coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the position of a thick hard rock stratum in a overburden;
s2, constructing hydraulic fracturing directional drilling holes from the ground, wherein horizontal sections of the hydraulic fracturing directional drilling holes are constructed in the thick and hard rock layer and are parallel to the advancing direction of the working surface; directional drilling of distance coal seam roof H through hydraulic fracturing c Thick hard formations in the range are hydraulically fractured,forming horizontal fractures in the thick hard formation to divide the thick hard formation into multiple layers Bao Yanceng;
using the formula (K) a -1)·H c Determination of H by M c Wherein H is c M is the coal seam mining height, ka is the average crushing expansion coefficient of the rock mass;
s3, constructing coal-drawing directional drilling holes from the ground, wherein a plurality of coal-drawing directional drilling horizontal sections are constructed in the coal layer of the working surface, extend along the trend and are distributed at intervals along the trend; regarding the coal bodies between adjacent coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections as strip coal pillars, wherein the distance between the coal drawing directional drilling horizontal sections ensures that the strip coal pillars only have a relaxation area and a plastic area and have no elastic area, so that the coal bodies of the whole working surface are completely depressurized;
the width of the relaxation zone and the plastic zone adopts Wilson coal pillar yield zone width simplification formula x 0 Determined by = 0.00492MH, where x 0 The width of a relaxation area and the width of a plastic area at one side of a strip coal pillar are the width of M coal seams, and H is the burial depth of the coal seams;
measuring the expansion coefficient of the coal body from an elastic state to a relaxation state and a plastic state, and enabling the total expansion amount of the strip coal pillar to just fill the aperture of the horizontal section of the directional drilling hole of the coal drawing;
s4, gas extraction is carried out through coal drawing directional drilling;
s5, constructing a coal mining gallery and communicating with the cutting hole;
s6, working face stoping is carried out.
2. The impact mine pressure control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, a coal drawing directional drilling horizontal section is constructed at the position of the coal mining gallery on both sides of the working face.
3. The impact mine pressure control method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, a coal mining gallery is constructed along a coal drawing directional drilling horizontal section on both sides of the working face tendency, and the coal mining galleries are communicated by cutting holes, wherein the coal mining gallery comprises a transportation gallery and a return air gallery.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising S7, during the face extraction, delaying the coal face from the ground construction detection borehole to the lower portion of the thick hard rock layer closest to the coal layer and not subjected to hydraulic fracturing, detecting whether a delamination is generated there, and if so, filling the delamination.
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| CN106837408B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-08-21 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of coal seam stope advantage gas migration channel staged construction method |
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