CN114673497A - Suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction control cracking - Google Patents
Suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction control cracking Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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Abstract
The invention provides a suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction control fracturing, which enables roof rock strata to safely and quickly collapse after working face stoping. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining structural characteristics and physical and mechanical parameters of a roof rock stratum of a working face; step two: formulating reasonable topping parameters, topping schemes and fracturing schemes; step three: drilling a row of top-cutting drill holes upwards or downwards along the direction of the roadway in the vicinity of the shoulder angle of the top plate in the super front section of the gob-side roadway by using a drilling machine; step four: performing multi-section hydraulic fracturing along the direction vertical to the precutting seam surface in the hydraulic fracturing drill hole; step five: and carrying out energy-gathered blasting to form a top-cutting fracture line along the trend. After the working face is mined, the cut-top rock stratum is fully cracked under the action of mine pressure, and the goaf is filled by caving, and finally, no suspended roof is left. According to the invention, the roof rock stratum is efficiently cracked and safely collapsed under the action of mine pressure through hydraulic fracturing and energy-gathered blasting roof cutting, so that roof disasters are effectively prevented, and the safety and stability of entry retaining are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground coal mine roof cutting, pressure relief and gob-side entry retaining, in particular to a suspended roof processing method based on hard roof direction control and fracturing.
Background
Hard top plates generally have the characteristics of very large thickness, very high strength, very good integrity and extremely strong self-stability capability. The control means of the hard roof plate are various, including technologies such as hydraulic fracturing, pre-splitting roof cutting, ground fracturing and the like, which play a key role in solving the problem of the suspended roof, but from the practical situation of the field, the collapse of the thick hard roof plate with a large area while eliminating the problem of the suspended roof above is extremely impact on a stope face and extremely threatens the stability of a gob-side roadway and the safety of personnel, and the problem of the suspended roof is not solved from the essence. Therefore, the problem to be solved urgently is that the suspended roof is fully cracked while the suspended roof is eliminated, the suspended roof is safely and efficiently collapsed, and the production of a stope face and the stability of a gob-side roadway are not influenced.
The roof cutting, pressure relief and gob-side entry retaining technology has great advantages in the aspects of improving roadway stress environment, greatly recovering coal resources, improving mine economic benefits and the like, but under the existence condition of a hard roof, the roof subjected to roof cutting by presplitting sometimes cannot collapse timely and efficiently after being pushed on a working face, a large number of suspended roofs with wide area are formed (figure 4), sometimes the hard rock mass within the roof cutting range collapses integrally (figure 3), the impact on the roadway is very large, the roadway retaining is not facilitated to be stable, and thus the roof cutting effect and significance are greatly reduced. In view of the above, the invention provides a suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof directional fracturing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a method for treating a suspended roof based on hard roof direction-controlled cracking, which can eliminate the suspended roof and simultaneously make the suspended roof fully cracked, so that the suspended roof can safely and efficiently collapse without influencing the production of a stope face and the stability of a gob-side roadway.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring structural characteristics and physical mechanical parameters of a roof rock stratum of a working face;
step two: formulating reasonable topping parameters, topping schemes and fracturing schemes;
step three: drilling a row of top-cutting drill holes upwards or downwards along the direction of the roadway in the vicinity of the shoulder angle of the top plate in the super front section of the gob-side roadway by using a drilling machine;
step four: performing multi-section hydraulic fracturing along the direction vertical to the precutting seam surface in the hydraulic fracturing drill hole;
step five: and carrying out energy-gathered blasting to form a top-cutting fracture line along the trend. After the working face is mined, the cut-top rock stratum is fully cracked under the action of mine pressure, and the goaf is filled by caving, and finally, no suspended roof is left.
Further, in the first step, the step of obtaining structural characteristics and physical and mechanical parameters of the roof strata of the working face further includes: and (3) acquiring structural characteristics of the roof rock stratum by using equipment such as a drilling peeping instrument and the like, and determining physical and mechanical parameters of the roof rock stratum in a laboratory through field sampling.
Further, in the first step, the structural characteristics of the roof strata of the working face comprise the thickness of the coal seam, the thickness, lithology and fracture coefficient of the immediate roof, and the thickness, lithology and fracture coefficient of the basic roof.
Further, in the first step, the physical and mechanical parameters of the working face top plate refer to the rock mass strength and the internal friction angle of the direct roof and the basic roof.
Further, in the second step, the top cutting parameters include top cutting height and angle, and the step of formulating reasonable top cutting parameters further includes: firstly, preliminarily determining the roof cutting height and angle through theoretical calculation, then selecting a series of values near the values determined through the theoretical calculation to perform field test and numerical simulation test, and determining reasonable roof cutting parameters according to the field test effect, the deformation of surrounding rock in the numerical simulation and the stress distribution rule.
Further, the preliminary determination of the truncated height and angle by theoretical calculation according to claim 5, wherein the formula of the calculation of the truncated height is:
wherein H is the cut top height; m is the thickness of the coal bed; Δ H1The sinking amount of the top plate is shown; Δ H2The amount of the bottom plate bulging; kPThe rock formation fracture coefficient.
The formula for calculating the cut top angle is as follows:
wherein beta is a top-cutting angle, 
The internal friction angle of the rock block, h is the thickness of the basic roof, Delta S is the sinking amount of the key block, and L is the transverse fracture length of the basic roof rock block.
Further, in the second step, the step of formulating a reasonable topping scheme further includes: and (4) carrying out industrial tests on the roof cutting scheme in the top plate of the entry retaining according to the reasonable roof cutting height and angle obtained by the claim 6. Determining the optimal loading amount and the mud sealing length through a single-hole blasting test; determining the distance between the blastholes through an interval blasting test, wherein the interval blasting test means that two blastholes are separated by one peephole; and determining the single detonation quantity through the continuous hole blasting, wherein the continuous hole blasting also needs to drill a peephole to check the blasting effect.
Further, in the second step, the fracturing scheme includes determination of the number of fracturing stages within the length range of a single drilling hole, the number of fracturing cutting grooves of each stage and the number of hydraulic fracturing drilling holes within the number of single detonating blastholes. The step of formulating a reasonable fracturing plan further comprises: the hydraulic fracturing industrial test is carried out according to reasonable crest-cutting parameters and schemes determined by the claims 5,6 and 7. Firstly, performing a multi-section fracturing test within the length range of a drilled hole, forming a plurality of fracturing cutting grooves in each pre-fracturing position along the direction vertical to the joint cutting surface downwards, and performing a hydraulic fracturing test; then, by carrying out multi-hole multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in the number of the single-detonation blastholes determined in the claim 7, a reasonable fracturing scheme is determined by observing the size of the caving rock mass in the goaf, the filling compactness and the like.
Further, in the second step to the fourth step, a top cutting parameter, namely the top cutting height is preset to be 9m, and the top cutting angle is preset to be 15 degrees; the top cutting scheme is characterized in that the diameter of a top cutting drill hole is preset to be 50mm, the single-hole charge is preset to be 43321, the mud sealing length is preset to be 2.4m, the blast hole interval is preset to be 0.4m, and the single detonation quantity is preset to be 5; the fracturing scheme is that the number of hydraulic fracturing sections in a single hole is preset to be 3, the number of fracturing grooves in each section is preset to be 3, the number of hydraulic fracturing drill holes in the number of single detonating blast holes is preset to be 2, and the interval between fracturing holes is preset to be 0.8 m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention is based on the hard roof cutting pressure relief technology, and realizes the main aims of eliminating the suspended roof, fully fracturing the suspended roof, safely and efficiently caving the suspended roof, and not influencing the production of a stope face and the stability of a gob-side roadway.
2. The method has the advantages that the rock mass in the roof cutting range is fully fractured, safely and efficiently collapses, a hard suspended roof is not left, the roadway stress environment is improved, the roof cutting and pressure relief effects and meanings are promoted, roof disasters are effectively prevented, and the safety and stability of the roadway are guaranteed.
3. The invention utilizes mine pressure to expand rock mass cracks of the hydraulic fracturing section to rock mass which is not fractured, thereby achieving the purpose of fully fracturing rock strata within the cut top range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the truncated design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of direction-controlled topping and staged hydraulic fracturing.
In the figure, 1 is a gob-side roadway; 2, working surface; 3, cutting a top section of the working face in advance; 4, cutting and drilling; 5, hydraulic fracturing and drilling; 6-peephole; 7-cutting the seam surface (thread); 8, a top plate which is collapsed after being sufficiently cracked; 9-immediate ejection; 10-basic top; 11-a top plate that is not cracked and entirely collapsed; 12-hard suspended ceiling; 13-cutting the top and breaking the line; 14-fracturing the grooves; and 15, hydraulic fracturing.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6, a hard roof control crack-inducing suspended roof treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring structural characteristics and physical mechanical parameters of a roof rock stratum of a working face;
step two: formulating reasonable topping parameters, topping schemes and fracturing schemes;
step three: drilling a row of top-cutting drill holes 4 upwards or downwards along the direction of the roadway in the vicinity of the shoulder angle of the top plate in the super front section of the gob-side roadway 1 by using a drilling machine;
Step four: performing multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in the hydraulic fracturing drill hole 5 along the downward direction vertical to the precut seam surface 7;
step five: and performing energy-gathered blasting to form a top-cutting fracture line 13 along the trend. After the working face is mined, the cut-top rock stratum is fully cracked and collapsed under the action of mine pressure to fill the goaf, and finally, no suspended roof is left.
Further, in the first step, the step of acquiring structural characteristics and physical and mechanical parameters of the roof rock stratum of the working face 2 further includes: and (3) acquiring structural characteristics of the roof rock stratum by using equipment such as a drilling peeping instrument and the like, and determining physical and mechanical parameters of the roof rock stratum in a laboratory through field sampling.
Further, in the first step, the structural characteristics of the roof strata of the working face 2 comprise the thickness of the coal seam, the thickness, the lithology and the crushing and swelling coefficient of the immediate roof 9 and the thickness, the lithology and the crushing and swelling coefficient of the basic roof 10.
Further, in the first step, the physical and mechanical parameters of the top plate of the working face 2 refer to the rock mass strength and the internal friction angle of the direct roof 9 and the basic roof 10.
Further, in the second step, the top cutting parameters include top cutting height and angle, and the step of formulating reasonable top cutting parameters further includes: firstly, preliminarily determining the roof cutting height and angle through theoretical calculation, then selecting a series of values near the values determined through the theoretical calculation to perform field test and numerical simulation test, and determining reasonable roof cutting parameters according to the field test effect, the deformation of surrounding rock in the numerical simulation and the stress distribution rule.
Further, the preliminary determination of the truncated height and angle by theoretical calculation according to claim 5, wherein the formula of the calculation of the truncated height is:
wherein H is the cut top height; m is the thickness of the coal bed; Δ H1The sinking amount of the top plate; Δ H2The amount of the bottom plate bulging; kPThe rock formation fracture coefficient.
The formula for calculating the cut top angle is as follows:
wherein beta is a top-cutting angle,
the internal friction angle of the rock block, h the thickness of the basic roof, Delta S the sinking amount of the key block, and L the transverse fracture length of the basic roof rock block.
Further, in the second step, the step of formulating a reasonable topping plan further includes: and carrying out industrial tests on the roof cutting scheme in the top plate of the entry retaining according to the reasonable roof cutting height and angle obtained by the method in claim 6. Determining the optimal loading amount and mud sealing length through a single-hole blasting test; determining the distance between blastholes through an interval blasting test, wherein the interval blasting test means that two blastholes are separated by one peephole; and determining the single detonation quantity through the continuous hole blasting, wherein the continuous hole blasting also needs to drill a peephole to check the blasting effect.
Further, in the second step, the fracturing scheme includes determination of the number of fracturing stages within the length range of a single drilling hole, the number of fracturing cutting grooves of each stage and the number of hydraulic fracturing drilling holes 5 within the number of single detonating blast holes. The step of formulating a reasonable fracturing plan further comprises: the hydraulic fracturing industrial test is carried out according to reasonable crest-cutting parameters and schemes determined by the claims 5,6 and 7. Firstly, performing a multi-section fracturing test within the length range of a drilled hole, forming a plurality of fracturing grooves 14 in each pre-fracturing position along a direction vertical to a joint cutting surface 7 and downward, and performing a hydraulic fracturing test; then, by carrying out multi-hole multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in the number of the single-detonation blastholes determined in the claim 7, a reasonable fracturing scheme is determined by observing the size of the caving rock mass in the goaf, the filling compactness and the like.
Further, in the second step to the fourth step, a top cutting parameter, namely the top cutting height is preset to be 9m, and the top cutting angle is preset to be 15 degrees; the top cutting scheme is characterized in that the diameter of a top cutting drill hole 4 is preset to be 50mm, the single-hole loading capacity is preset to be 43321, the sealing mud length is preset to be 2.4m, the blast hole spacing is preset to be 0.4m, and the single detonation quantity is preset to be 5; the fracturing scheme is that the number of 15 fracturing sections in a single hole is preset to be 3, the number of 14 fracturing grooves in each section is preset to be 3, the number of 5 fracturing drill holes in the number of single detonating blast holes is preset to be 2, and the interval between the fracturing holes is preset to be 0.8 m.
The embodiment provides a suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction control cracking, which comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining roof rock stratum structures and characteristics including coal seam thickness, lithology and fracture expansion coefficient of a direct roof 9 and thickness, lithology and fracture expansion coefficient of a basic roof 10 by using equipment such as a drilling peeping instrument, and determining physical and mechanical property parameters of the roof rock stratum including rock mass strength and internal friction angle of the direct roof 9 and the basic roof 10 in a laboratory through field sampling. Formulating reasonable top cutting parameters, top cutting schemes and fracturing schemes according to the obtained roof rock stratum structure and characteristics, wherein the reasonable top cutting parameters are formulated as follows: firstly, preliminarily determining the top cutting height and angle through theoretical calculation, then selecting a series of values near the value determined by the theoretical calculation to perform field test and numerical simulation test, and finally determining reasonable top cutting parameters according to the field test effect, the deformation of surrounding rock in the numerical simulation and the stress distribution rule. Formulating a reasonable top cutting scheme: based on the reasonable top cutting height and angle obtained, the top cutting scheme industrial test is carried out in the entry retaining top plate. Determining the optimal loading amount and mud sealing length through a single-hole blasting test; determining the distance between blastholes through an interval blasting test, wherein the interval blasting test means that two blastholes are separated by one peephole; and determining the single detonation quantity through the continuous hole blasting, wherein the continuous hole blasting also needs to drill a peephole to check the blasting effect. Formulating a reasonable cracking scheme: and carrying out a hydraulic fracturing industrial test based on the obtained reasonable crest-cutting parameters and scheme. The method comprises the steps of firstly, conducting a multi-section fracturing test in a drilling length range, determining the number of hydraulic fracturing sections 15 in a single drilling length range, arranging a plurality of fracturing grooves 14 in each pre-fracturing position along a direction perpendicular to a joint cutting surface 7 and facing downwards, conducting the hydraulic fracturing test, determining the number of the fracturing grooves 14 in each section, then conducting porous hydraulic fracturing in the number of single detonating blastholes, determining the number of hydraulic fracturing drilling holes 5 by observing the size of a multi-section caving rock block in a goaf, the filling compactness and the like, and finally determining a reasonable fracturing scheme. Based on the obtained reasonable top cutting parameters and the top cutting scheme, a row of top cutting drill holes 4 are drilled upwards or downwards in the direction of the roadway trend at the position close to the shoulder angle of the top plate in the gob-side roadway 1 by using a drilling machine; based on a reasonable fracturing scheme, multi-section hydraulic fracturing is performed in the hydraulic fracturing bore hole 5 in a downward direction perpendicular to the pre-cut fracture surface 7. Finally, energy-gathered blasting is carried out to form a top-cutting fracture line 13 along the trend. After the working face is mined, the cut-top rock stratum is fully cracked and collapsed under the action of mine pressure to fill the goaf, and finally, no suspended roof is left.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction-controlled cracking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring structural characteristics and physical mechanical parameters of a roof rock stratum of a working face;
step two: formulating reasonable topping parameters, topping schemes and fracturing schemes;
step three: drilling a row of top-cutting drill holes upwards or downwards along the direction of the roadway in the vicinity of the shoulder angle of the top plate in the super front section of the gob-side roadway by using a drilling machine;
step four: performing multi-section hydraulic fracturing along the direction vertical to the precutting seam surface in the hydraulic fracturing drill hole;
step five: and carrying out energy-gathered blasting to form a top-cutting fracture line along the trend. After the working face is mined, the cut-top rock stratum is fully cracked under the action of mine pressure, and the goaf is filled by caving, and finally, no suspended roof is left.
2. The hard roof direction-controlled fracturing-based suspended roof treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the step of obtaining the structural characteristics and physical and mechanical parameters of the roof rock stratum of the working face further comprises the following steps: and (3) acquiring structural characteristics of the roof rock stratum by using equipment such as a drilling peeping instrument and the like, and determining physical and mechanical parameters of the roof rock stratum in a laboratory through field sampling.
3. The hard roof direction-controlled fracturing-based suspended roof treatment method of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the structural characteristics of the roof strata of the working face comprise the thickness of a coal seam, the thickness, the lithology and the fracture-expansion coefficient of a direct roof, and the thickness, the lithology and the fracture-expansion coefficient of a basic roof.
4. The suspended roof treatment method based on hard roof direction-controlled cracking as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the physical and mechanical parameters of the roof of the working face refer to rock mass strength and internal friction angle of the direct roof and the basic roof.
5. The hard roof control cracking-based suspended roof processing method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the topping parameters include topping height and angle, and the step of formulating reasonable topping parameters further comprises: firstly, preliminarily determining the top cutting height and angle through theoretical calculation, then selecting a series of values near the value determined by the theoretical calculation to perform field test and numerical simulation test, and determining reasonable top cutting parameters according to the field test effect, the deformation of surrounding rock in the numerical simulation and the stress distribution rule.
6. The preliminary determination of the truncated height and angle by theoretical calculation as set forth in claim 5, wherein the formula for the calculation of the truncated height is:
Wherein H is the height of the cut top; m is the thickness of the coal bed; Δ H1The sinking amount of the top plate; Δ H2The amount of the bottom plate bulging; kPThe rock formation breaking and swelling coefficient;
the formula for calculating the cut top angle is as follows:
wherein beta is a top-cutting angle,
the internal friction angle of the rock block, h the thickness of the basic roof, Delta S the sinking amount of the key block, and L the transverse fracture length of the basic roof rock block.
7. The hard roof control cracking-based suspended roof treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the step of making a reasonable topping plan further comprises: and carrying out industrial tests on the roof cutting scheme in the top plate of the entry retaining according to the reasonable roof cutting height and angle obtained by the method in claim 6. Determining the optimal loading amount and mud sealing length through a single-hole blasting test; determining the distance between blastholes through an interval blasting test, wherein the interval blasting test means that two blastholes are separated by one peephole; and determining the single detonation quantity through the continuous hole blasting, wherein the continuous hole blasting also needs to drill a peephole to check the blasting effect.
8. The hard roof direction-controlled fracturing-based suspended roof treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the fracturing scheme comprises determination of the number of fracturing sections within the length range of a single drilling hole, the number of fracturing cutting grooves of each section and the number of hydraulic fracturing drilling holes within the number of single detonating blastholes. The step of formulating a reasonable fracturing plan further comprises: the hydraulic fracturing industrial test is carried out according to reasonable crest-cutting parameters and schemes determined by the claims 5,6 and 7. Firstly, performing a multi-section fracturing test within the length range of a drilled hole, forming a plurality of fracturing cutting grooves in each pre-fracturing position along the direction vertical to the joint cutting surface downwards, and performing a hydraulic fracturing test; then, by carrying out multi-hole multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in the number of the single-detonation blastholes determined in the claim 7, a reasonable fracturing scheme is determined by observing the size of the caving rock mass in the goaf, the filling compactness and the like.
9. The hard roof steering fracturing-based suspended roof treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the second to fourth steps, the top cutting parameters, namely the top cutting height is preset to be 9m, and the top cutting angle is preset to be 15 °; the top cutting scheme is characterized in that the diameter of a top cutting drill hole is preset to be 50mm, the single-hole charge is preset to be 43321, the mud sealing length is preset to be 2.4m, the blast hole interval is preset to be 0.4m, and the single detonation quantity is preset to be 5; the fracturing scheme is that the number of hydraulic fracturing sections in a single hole is preset to be 3, the number of fracturing grooves in each section is preset to be 3, the number of hydraulic fracturing drill holes in the number of single detonating blast holes is preset to be 2, and the interval between fracturing holes is preset to be 0.8 m.
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| WO2024077841A1 (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-04-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Stress transfer method and device for low-position roof cutting and high-position directional fracturing of gob-side entry retaining |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115288685A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-04 | 黑龙江龙煤矿业控股集团有限责任公司 | Technical method for hydraulic fracturing, roof cutting and pressure relief of mining roadway under hard roof |
| WO2024077841A1 (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-04-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Stress transfer method and device for low-position roof cutting and high-position directional fracturing of gob-side entry retaining |
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