CN110016346B - Water-retaining agent for desert greening, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Water-retaining agent for desert greening, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The water-retaining agent for desert greening has the advantages of environmental friendliness, biodegradability, no soil pollution and the like, and starch and potassium fulvate are added, so that the water absorption and saline-alkali resistance are greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, the requirement of desertification control can be met, and the application value of the product is high; when the water-retaining agent is prepared, the irradiation process is adopted for adjustment, starch is gelatinized at low temperature by an alkali method, a weak alkaline neutralizer is selected, and the gel is dried in sections, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the irradiation dose utilization rate and the production efficiency are improved; when the water-retaining agent is applied to desert greening and water retention, the grids can prevent sand and soil from moving and reinforce the growing environment of plants; the organic layer can play a role in supplying a carbon source, absorbing excessive moisture and ventilating; the water-retaining layer can store water and fertilizer for plant growth and utilization; the three measures have synergistic effect to raise the survival rate of planted seedling in desert greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-retaining agent materials, and particularly relates to a water-retaining agent for desert greening, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Desert is a product formed in geological history period under the action of pure natural factors. The evolution and development of deserts are caused by the combined action of natural and human activities, and direct and indirect profound influences are gradually generated on the production, life and the like of people. China is one of countries with serious desertification hazard in the world, the desert area is large, the distribution is wide, the territorial area of nearly 1/3 nationwide is threatened by desertification, and the direct economic loss caused by the desertification hazard is up to 540 hundred million yuan every year.
The main reasons for the soil desertification are water resource shortage and uneven precipitation distribution, so the desertification control situation continues to worsen, large-area low-fertility aeolian sandy soil is effectively developed and utilized, the existing water resource needs to be reasonably developed and utilized, and a water-saving and water-retaining technology needs to be continuously developed to improve the water resource utilization rate. In the current water-saving and water-retaining technology, the application of the water-retaining agent is the most effective way for improving the aeolian sandy soil and increasing the crop yield of the aeolian sandy soil due to the reasons of low cost, convenient use, obvious effect and the like.
The water retention agent (SAP) contains a large amount of three-dimensional space network structures with strong hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amido, sulfonic acid and the like and a certain crosslinking degree, has water absorption capacity which is dozens of times or even thousands of times of the SAP and high water retention performance which is not dehydrated under pressure, and the absorbed water can be slowly utilized by plants. The SAP has the effects of saving water, resisting drought, maintaining water and soil, improving soil, protecting fertilizer, increasing yield, improving afforestation survival rate, preventing wind and fixing sand and the like, has wide application prospect in agriculture and forestry production, water and soil conservation and desertification restoration, and has very important practical significance for ecological civilization construction in China.
The types of SAPs are many and can be classified by the type of hydrophilic group, the source of raw materials, the form of the product, the crosslinking method, and the like. SAPs are classified into 6 major categories according to raw material source classification: starch series, cellulose series, chemical synthetic resin series, protein series, other natural and derivative series, blend and composite series, the chemical synthetic resin series SAP is mainly studied at home and abroad at present, and the preparation method mainly adopts solution polymerization, reversed phase suspension polymerization, reversed phase emulsion polymerization and the like. The methods all need chemical initiators, have certain pollution, complex process, difficult operation, large energy consumption, nondegradable synthetic products, soil pollution, single function, poor reusability and the like, and limit the application of the methods in the fields of water and soil conservation and desertification restoration.
Disclosure of Invention
The water-retaining agent for desert greening overcomes the application limitation of chemical synthetic resin SAP, and adopts an advanced nuclear technology irradiation synthesis process to prepare the green SAP with high performance, environmental friendliness, biodegradability and no soil pollution so as to meet the requirements of water and soil conservation and desertification prevention. The preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that through the regulation of an irradiation process and the special design of an irradiation reaction box, starch is gelatinized at low temperature by an alkali method, a weak alkaline neutralizer is selected, and gel is dried in sections, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the irradiation dose utilization rate and the production efficiency are improved, and the preparation method has innovativeness; the starch is gelatinized at low temperature by adding alkali, so that the gelatinization temperature is greatly reduced, the production energy consumption is reduced, the starch can be mixed with the acrylic acid neutralization solution without cooling, the cooling link is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved; the potassium fulvate is added in the preparation process, so that the water absorption and saline-alkali resistance of the water-retaining agent can be greatly improved, and the water-retaining agent has the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus, activating potassium, strengthening the adhesive force and the rapid absorption capacity of a plant root system, and is particularly suitable for desertification control; by controlling the transmission speed of the automatic transmission system and adjusting the irradiation dose, a special irradiation reaction box is designed, the problem of matching of irradiation dose distribution control and an irradiation polymerization reaction container is solved, and the irradiation reaction efficiency is improved; by adopting a two-stage drying technology, the drying time is shortened on the premise of not influencing the performance of the water-retaining agent, and the production efficiency is improved.
The invention also aims to provide a method for desert greening and water retention by applying the water retention agent, the grid can prevent sand from moving and reinforce the growing environment of plants; the organic layer can play a role in supplying a carbon source, absorbing excessive moisture and ventilating; the water-retaining layer can store water and fertilizer for plant growth and utilization; the three measures cooperate with each other to greatly improve the survival rate of the planted seedlings in the desert, and compared with the prior art, the method has obvious progress.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the water-retaining agent for desert greening is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of acrylic acid;
50-100 parts of potassium fulvate;
10-50 parts of starch;
50-90 parts of a neutralization alkali;
0.1-3 parts of KOH;
0.05-0.25 part of irradiation sensitizer;
1000-1200 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the purity of the acrylic acid is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
Preferably, the purity of the potassium fulvate is more than or equal to 75%.
Preferably, the starch is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch.
Preferably, the neutralization alkali is one or more of potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonia water.
Preferably, the radiation sensitizer is one or more of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, triallyl isocyanate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of alkaline solution
Adding a certain amount of solid alkali into an alkali preparation kettle, adding deionized water to dissolve the solid alkali under stirring, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
(2) Neutralization
And (2) adding a certain amount of acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly conveying the alkali solution obtained in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a conveying pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished.
(3) Starch gelatinization
Adding a certain amount of starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding a certain amount of deionized water, adding a certain amount of KOH while stirring, gelatinizing in a water bath at 30-60 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare gelatinized starch, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
(4) Mixed packing
And (3) conveying the gelatinized starch in the step (3) to the neutralization reaction kettle in the step (2), adding a certain amount of radiation sensitizer under stirring, and uniformly stirring. And putting a certain amount of potassium fulvate into the other reaction kettle, adding deionized water while stirring to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate, then conveying the potassium fulvate into the neutralization reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, and then conveying the solution into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag lining, wherein the loading amount of the solution is 60-80% of the volume of the irradiation reaction box.
(5) Synthesis by irradiation
And (4) enabling the irradiation reaction box in the step (4) to enter an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and performing irradiation reaction by using an irradiation device in the irradiation chamber, wherein the irradiation dose is 3-10 kGy.
(6) Slicing and granulating
And (3) after the material liquid is polymerized, the material liquid is in a gel state, taken out, cut into slices, cut into blocks and granulated by using a gel granulator, wherein the particle size is 3-5 mm.
(7) Drying
And (4) feeding the gel particles obtained in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the water-retaining agent product for desert greening.
In the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the natural biological material starch, the potassium fulvate and the organic monomer are combined to synthesize the environment-friendly SAP through the irradiation technology, so that the defects of low water absorption rate, poor water retention property, high degradation rate and the like of a pure natural material are overcome, and the defects that the chemically synthetic resin SAP prepared by the prior art is difficult to degrade and easily causes environmental pollution and the like are overcome. The potassium fulvate can increase the porosity of the water-retaining agent, further improve the water absorption performance, improve the salt and alkali resistance of the water-retaining agent and provide possibility for the application of the water-retaining agent in drought and strong-salt and alkali desert restoration.
Preferably, in the step (2), the neutralization degree of the neutralization reaction is 50-90%.
Preferably, in the step (3), the starch is gelatinized for 30-40 min in a water bath at 40-50 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (5), the irradiation dose is 4-9 kGy, and the dose unevenness is less than 1.5.
Preferably, in step (5), the irradiation device adopts60When Co gamma device is used, 2 loading and unloading goods positions are set, the irradiation box automatically enters into the conveying system through the automatic loading and unloading system and passes through the conveying systemAutomatic layer changing and surface changing are realized, the running mode adopts continuous running, and the speed is 3-9 m/min.
Further, in the step (5), the irradiation device adopts60In the case of Co gamma device, it60The total activity of the Co radioactive source is 50-200 ten thousand Curie, the arrangement mode of the radioactive source is a single-plate source or a double-plate source, and the double-plate source is preferred.
Further, in the step (5), the irradiation device adopts60In the case of Co gamma device, the overall dimension (length multiplied by width multiplied by height) of the radiation source rack is not less than 1972mm multiplied by 89mm multiplied by 2856mm, the area of the mountable radiation source is not less than 1800mm multiplied by 2545mm, and the number of the mountable radiation source rods is not less than 600.
Further, in the step (5), the maximum specification (length × width × height) of the inner volume of the irradiation chamber is 1220mm × 200mm × 1350mm, and the width is preferably 100 to 200 mm.
Further, in the step (5), the irradiation adopts60In the case of a Co gamma device, the conveying system can adopt one of a heavy power and free type suspension chain type, a suspension chain + traveling type transition machinery type and a roller way type.
Preferably, in the step (5), when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the irradiation box is placed in the conveying system and sent into the irradiation chamber for irradiation, and the surface is not changed during one-time irradiation.
Further, in the step (5), when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the energy is 1-10 MeV, the beam power is 50-100 kW, and the scanning width is 100 cm.
Further, in the step (5), when the electron accelerator is adopted for irradiation, the irradiation box is of an upper opening type, the maximum width is 1000mm, and the height is 50-100 mm.
Further, in the step (5), when the electron accelerator is used for irradiation, the irradiation conveying system can be of a roller way type, a crawler type or a chain type.
Preferably, in the step (7), the hot air drying system is divided into two sections, wherein the first section drying temperature is 110-150 ℃, the drying time is 1-2 hours, the second section drying temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 hours.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out desert greening water retention by using the water retention agent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) digging hole
Digging tree pits with the depth of 30-100 cm and the length and width of 30-60 cm on a green land.
(2) Laying grid
A layer of grid woven by rattans or branches is arranged around the tree pit to fix the tree pit.
(3) Filling organic matter
Paving 5-20 cm of organic matters at the bottom of the tree hole, wherein the organic matters can be leaves, straws, weeds or fermentation products of the leaves, the straws and the weeds.
(4) Laying water-retaining layer
The water-retaining agent, the organic fertilizer and the sandy soil are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion and are laid on an organic substance layer.
(5) Planting nursery stock
Placing the nursery stock above the water-retaining layer of the tree pit according to a conventional method, backfilling half of sandy soil, watering the nursery stock after treading the nursery stock to be full of water, and backfilling the other half of sandy soil.
Preferably, in the step (1), when shrubs are planted, the depth of the tree pit is 30-60 cm, and the length and the width of the tree pit are 30-40 cm; when the arbor is planted, the depth of the tree pit is 60-100 cm, and the length and the width of the tree pit are 40-60 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the application amount of the water-retaining agent is 20-60 g, the organic fertilizer is 1-2 times of the water-retaining agent, and the sand is 300-500 times of the water-retaining agent.
Preferably, in the step (5), the nursery stock may be a sand plant such as sea buckthorn, salix mongolica, populus diversifolia and the like, or an economic forest such as drought-enduring medlar, jujube tree, apricot tree and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the water-retaining agent for desert greening and the application method thereof have the remarkable technical advantages that:
(1) the water-retaining agent for desert greening has high performance, is superior to the traditional chemical synthetic resin SAP, is environment-friendly, biodegradable and free from soil pollution, is added with starch and potassium fulvate, greatly improves the water absorption and saline-alkali resistance, reduces the production cost, can meet the requirement of desertification control, and has high product application value and practicability.
(2) The preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening disclosed by the invention has the advantages that through the regulation of an irradiation process and the special design of an irradiation reaction box, starch is gelatinized at low temperature by an alkali method, a weakly alkaline neutralizing agent is selected, and gel is dried in sections, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the irradiation dose utilization rate and the production efficiency are improved, and the preparation method has innovation.
(3) According to the application method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening, the grids can prevent sand from moving and reinforce the plant growth environment; the organic layer can play a role in supplying a carbon source, absorbing excessive moisture and ventilating; the water-retaining layer can store water and fertilizer for plant growth and utilization; the three measures cooperate with each other to greatly improve the survival rate of the planted seedlings in the desert, and compared with the prior art, the method has obvious progress.
(4) According to the preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening, starch is gelatinized at low temperature by adding alkali, so that the gelatinization temperature is greatly reduced, the production energy consumption is reduced, the starch can be mixed with acrylic acid neutralization solution without cooling, the cooling link is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
(5) According to the preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening, potassium fulvate is added, so that the water absorption and saline-alkali resistance of the water-retaining agent can be greatly improved, and the water-retaining agent has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium activation, and plant root adhesion and rapid absorption capacity enhancement, and is particularly suitable for desert control.
(6) The preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the transmission speed of the automatic transmission system is controlled, the irradiation dose is adjusted, the special irradiation reaction box is designed, the problem of matching of irradiation dose distribution control and an irradiation polymerization reaction container is solved, and the irradiation reaction efficiency is improved.
(7) The preparation method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening adopts a two-stage drying technology, shortens the drying time and improves the production efficiency on the premise of not influencing the performance of the water-retaining agent.
(8) The application method of the water-retaining agent for desert greening is simple in construction and wide in application area, and not only can be applied to desert control, but also is suitable for other types of desert control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the water-retaining agent for desert greening provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be better understood, the following further description is provided, taken in conjunction with the accompanying examples, so that the advantages and features of the invention will be more readily understood by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Example 1: preparation of water-retaining agent for desert greening
Refer to the flow chart of the preparation process of the water-retaining agent for desert greening shown in fig. 1.
(1) Preparation of alkaline solution
Adding 240kg of potassium carbonate solid into an alkali preparation kettle, adding deionized water to dissolve the potassium carbonate solid under stirring, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
(2) Neutralization
Adding 300kg of acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly conveying the potassium carbonate solution in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a conveying pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished.
(3) Starch gelatinization
Adding 100kg corn starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding a certain amount of deionized water by using a transfer pump, opening a stirring device, adding 0.5 KOH, gelatinizing in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 40min, and cooling to room temperature.
(4) Mixed packing
And (3) conveying the corn starch paste in the step (3) to a neutralization reaction kettle by a pump, adding 0.2kg of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide under stirring, and uniformly stirring. Putting 200kg of potassium fulvate into another reaction kettle, adding deionized water to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate under stirring, conveying the potassium fulvate into the neutralization reaction kettle by using a conveying pump, uniformly stirring the potassium fulvate and the deionized water, and conveying the potassium fulvate into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag lining by using the conveying pump, wherein the loading amount of the solution is 60 percent of the volume of the reaction box.
(5) Synthesis by irradiation
The irradiation reaction box in the step (4) enters an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and 80 ten thousand Curie is adopted60And carrying out irradiation reaction by using a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 9 kGy.
(6) Slicing and granulating
And (3) after the material liquid is polymerized, the material liquid is in a gel state, taken out, cut into slices, cut into blocks and granulated by using a gel granulator, wherein the particle size is 3-5 mm.
(7) Drying
And (3) feeding the gel particles in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃, then drying for 8h at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the water-retaining agent product for desert greening.
In the step (5), the radioactive sources of the irradiation device adopt a double-plate source arrangement mode, the overall dimension (length, width and height) of the radioactive source rack is 1972mm, 89mm, 2856mm, the mountable radioactive source area is 1800mm, 2545mm, the number of mountable radioactive source rods is 600, the internal volume specification (length, width and height) of the irradiation box is 1220mm, 180mm and 1350mm, the irradiation box automatically changes layers and surfaces through a transmission system, the irradiation transmission system adopts a suspension chain and a moving type source passing mechanical type, the operation mode adopts continuous operation, and the speed is 5 m/min.
The water absorption performance of the water-retaining agent is measured, and the multiple of purified water absorption is 869g/g, and the multiple of salt water absorption (0.9% NaCl) is 230 g/g.
Example 2: preparation of water-retaining agent for desert greening
Refer to the flow chart of the preparation process of the water-retaining agent for desert greening shown in fig. 1.
(1) Preparation of alkaline solution
Adding 200kg of ammonium carbonate solid into an alkali preparation kettle, adding deionized water to dissolve the ammonium carbonate solid under stirring, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
(2) Neutralization
Adding 300kg of acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly conveying the ammonium carbonate solution in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a conveying pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished.
(3) Starch gelatinization
Adding 120kg of cassava starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding a certain amount of deionized water by using a delivery pump, opening a stirring device, adding 2.4kg of KOH, gelatinizing in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to room temperature.
(4) Mixed packing
And (4) conveying the cassava starch paste in the step (3) to a neutralization reaction kettle by a pump, adding 0.4kg of radiation sensitizer triallyl isocyanate under stirring, and uniformly stirring. Adding 300kg of potassium fulvate into another reaction kettle, adding deionized water under stirring to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate, conveying the potassium fulvate into the neutralization reaction kettle by using a conveying pump, uniformly stirring, and conveying the potassium fulvate into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag lining by using the conveying pump, wherein the loading amount of the solution is 80% of the volume of the reaction box.
(5) Synthesis by irradiation
The irradiation reaction box in the step (4) enters an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and 150 ten thousand Curie is adopted60And carrying out irradiation reaction by using a Co gamma irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 7 kGy.
(6) Slicing and granulating
And (3) after the material liquid is polymerized, the material liquid is in a gel state, taken out, cut into slices, cut into blocks and granulated by using a gel granulator, wherein the particle size is 3-5 mm.
(7) Drying
And (3) feeding the gel particles in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 140 ℃, then drying for 10 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ until the moisture content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the water-retaining agent product for desert greening.
In the step (5), the radioactive sources of the irradiation device adopt a double-plate source arrangement mode, the overall dimension (length, width and height) of the radioactive source rack is 1972mm, 89mm, 2856mm, the mountable radioactive source area is 1800mm, 2545mm, the number of mountable radioactive source rods is 600, the internal volume specification (length, width and height) of the irradiation box is 1220mm, 200mm and 1350mm, the irradiation box automatically changes layers and surfaces through a transmission system, the irradiation transmission system adopts a suspension chain and a moving type source passing mechanical type, the operation mode adopts continuous operation, and the speed is 9 m/min.
The water absorption performance of the water-retaining agent is measured, and the multiple of absorbing pure water is 925g/g, and the multiple of absorbing saline (0.9% NaCl) is 260 g/g.
Example 3: preparation of water-retaining agent for desert greening
Refer to the flow chart of the preparation process of the water-retaining agent for desert greening shown in fig. 1.
(1) Preparation of alkaline solution
In the alkali preparation kettle, 270kg of ammonia water is put into the alkali preparation kettle for standby.
(2) Neutralization
Adding 300kg of acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly delivering the ammonia water in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a delivery pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished.
(3) Starch gelatinization
Adding 80kg of potato starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding a certain amount of deionized water by using a transfer pump, opening a stirring device, adding 1.6kg of KOH, gelatinizing in a water bath at 30 ℃ for 60min, and cooling to room temperature.
(4) Mixed packing
And (3) pumping the potato starch paste in the step (3) to a neutralization reaction kettle, adding 0.3kg of radiation sensitizer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate under stirring, and uniformly stirring. Adding 300kg of potassium fulvate into another reaction kettle, adding deionized water under stirring to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate, conveying the potassium fulvate into the neutralization reaction kettle by using a conveying pump, uniformly stirring, and conveying the potassium fulvate into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag lining by using the conveying pump, wherein the loading amount of the solution is 70% of the volume of the reaction box.
(5) Synthesis by irradiation
And (3) enabling the irradiation reaction box in the step (4) to enter an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and performing irradiation reaction by using a 10MeV electron accelerator as an irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 4 kGy.
(6) Slicing and granulating
And (3) after the material liquid is polymerized, the material liquid is in a gel state, taken out, cut into slices, cut into blocks and granulated by using a gel granulator, wherein the particle size is 3-5 mm.
(7) Drying
And (3) feeding the gel particles in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying for 2h at the temperature of 110 ℃, then drying for 12h at the temperature of 40 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the environment-friendly agriculture and forestry water-retaining agent product.
In the step (5), the beam power of the electron accelerator is 100kW, the scanning width is 100cm, the irradiation conveying system adopts a roller way type, and the width and the height of the irradiation box are 1000mm and 100mm, respectively.
The water absorption performance of the water-retaining agent is measured, and the multiple of purified water absorption is 578g/g, and the multiple of salt water absorption (0.9% NaCl) is 160 g/g.
Example 4: application of water-retaining agent for desert greening
(1) Digging hole
A tree pit with the depth of 30cm and the length and width of 30cm is dug in the greening land.
(2) Laying grid
A layer of grid weaved by rattans is arranged around the tree pit to fix the tree pit.
(3) Filling organic matter
Wheat straws with the thickness of 5cm are paved at the bottom of the tree pit.
(4) Laying water-retaining layer
20g of the water-retaining agent, 20g of the organic fertilizer and 6000g of sandy soil are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion and are laid on an organic substance layer.
(5) Planting sea buckthorn
Placing the 1-2-year-old sea buckthorn above the water-retaining layer of the pit, backfilling half of sandy soil, pouring enough water after treading, and backfilling the other half of sandy soil.
Through observation and calculation for one year, the survival rate of the sea buckthorn is 92%.
Example 5: application of water-retaining agent for desert greening
(1) Digging hole
A tree pit with the depth of 60cm and the length and width of 40cm is dug in the greening land.
(2) Laying grid
A layer of grid weaved by branches is arranged around the tree pit to fix the tree pit.
(3) Filling organic matter
And laying a mixture of fermented leaves and weeds with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the tree pit.
(4) Laying water-retaining layer
40g of the water-retaining agent, 60g of organic fertilizer and 16000g of sandy soil are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion and are paved on an organic substance layer.
(5) Planting nursery stock
Placing 1-2 years old populus diversifolia on the water-retaining layer of the tree pit, backfilling half of sandy soil, pouring enough water after treading, and backfilling the other half of sandy soil.
Through observation and calculation for one year, the survival rate of the populus euphratica is 85 percent.
Example 6: application of water-retaining agent for desert greening
(1) Digging hole
Digging tree pits with the depth of 100cm and the length and width of 60cm in the green land.
(2) Laying grid
A layer of grid woven by grapevines is arranged around the tree hole to fix the tree hole.
(3) Filling organic matter
And laying chopped corn straws with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom of the tree pit.
(4) Laying water-retaining layer
60g of the water-retaining agent, 120g of organic fertilizer and 30000g of sandy soil are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion and are laid on an organic substance layer.
(5) Planting nursery stock
Placing the jujube trees of 2-3 years old above the water-retaining layer of the tree pit, backfilling half of sandy soil, pouring enough water after treading, and backfilling the other half of sandy soil.
Through observation and calculation for one year, the survival rate of the jujube trees is 95 percent.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A water-retaining agent for desert greening, which is characterized in that,
the water-retaining agent for desert greening comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of acrylic acid;
50-100 parts of potassium fulvate;
10-50 parts of starch;
50-90 parts of a neutralization alkali, wherein the neutralization alkali is potassium carbonate;
0.1-3 parts of KOH;
0.05-0.25 part of irradiation sensitizer;
1000-1200 parts of deionized water;
the water-retaining agent for desert greening is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) preparation of alkaline solution
Adding solid neutralization alkali into an alkali preparation kettle, adding deionized water under the stirring condition to dissolve the solid neutralization alkali into an alkali solution, and cooling to room temperature for later use, wherein the neutralization alkali is potassium carbonate;
(2) neutralization
Adding acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly conveying the alkali solution prepared in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a conveying pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished;
(3) starch gelatinization
Adding starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding deionized water, adding KOH while stirring, gelatinizing in a water bath at 30-60 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare gelatinized starch, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(4) mixed packing
Conveying the gelatinized starch prepared in the step (3) to the neutralization reaction kettle in the step (2), adding an irradiation sensitizer under stirring, and uniformly stirring;
adding potassium fulvate into the other reaction kettle, adding deionized water while stirring to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate into a potassium fulvate solution, then conveying the potassium fulvate solution to the neutralization reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, and then conveying the mixed feed liquid into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag inside, wherein the loading amount of the feed liquid is 60-80% of the volume of the irradiation reaction box;
(5) synthesis by irradiation
The irradiation reaction box in the step (4) enters an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and an irradiation device therein is utilized for irradiation polymerization reaction, wherein the irradiation dose is 3-10 kGy, and the irradiation device is60The Co gamma device or the electron accelerator is operated continuously in a mode of 3-9 m/min, and the irradiation device adopts60In the case of Co gamma device, it60The total activity of the Co radioactive source is 50-200 kilo Curie, the arrangement mode of the radioactive source is a single-plate source or a double-plate source, the external dimension of the radioactive source rack is not less than 1972mm multiplied by 89mm multiplied by 2856mm, the area of the installed radioactive source is not less than 1800mm multiplied by 2545mm, the number of the installed radioactive source rods is not less than 600, and the maximum specification of the internal volume of the irradiation box is 1220mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 1350 mm; when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the irradiation reaction box is placed in a conveying system and is conveyed into an irradiation chamber for irradiation, the surface is not changed by one-time irradiation, the energy is 1-10 MeV, the beam power is 50-100 kW, the scanning width is 100cm, the irradiation box is of an upper opening type, the maximum width is 1000mm, and the height is 50-100 mm;
(6) slicing and granulating
After the irradiation polymerization reaction of the feed liquid in the step (5) is finished, the feed liquid is in a gel state, the gel state is taken out, the feed liquid is firstly cut into slices and then cut into blocks, and a gel granulator is used for granulation, wherein the particle size of the obtained gel particles is 3-5 mm;
(7) drying
And (3) feeding the gel particles obtained in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the water-retaining agent product for desert greening, wherein the hot air drying system is divided into two sections, the first section is at a drying temperature of 110-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours, the second section is at a drying temperature of 40-80 ℃ for 8-12 hours.
2. The water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the acrylic acid is not less than 99.9%.
3. The water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the potassium fulvate is not less than 75%.
4. The water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the starch is one or more of tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch.
5. The water-retaining agent according to claim 1, wherein the radiation sensitizer is one or more of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, triallyl isocyanate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
6. The method for preparing the water-retaining agent for desert greening as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of alkaline solution
Adding solid neutralization alkali into an alkali preparation kettle, adding deionized water under the stirring condition to dissolve the solid neutralization alkali into an alkali solution, and cooling to room temperature for later use, wherein the neutralization alkali is potassium carbonate;
(2) neutralization
Adding acrylic acid into a neutralization reaction kettle, slowly conveying the alkali solution prepared in the step (1) to the neutralization reaction kettle through a conveying pump under the stirring condition, and cooling to room temperature for later use after the neutralization reaction is finished;
(3) starch gelatinization
Adding starch into a starch gelatinization reaction kettle, adding deionized water, adding KOH while stirring, gelatinizing in a water bath at 30-60 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare gelatinized starch, and cooling to room temperature for later use;
(4) mixed packing
Conveying the gelatinized starch prepared in the step (3) to the neutralization reaction kettle in the step (2), adding an irradiation sensitizer under stirring, and uniformly stirring;
adding potassium fulvate into the other reaction kettle, adding deionized water while stirring to completely dissolve the potassium fulvate into a potassium fulvate solution, then conveying the potassium fulvate solution to the neutralization reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, and then conveying the mixed feed liquid into an irradiation reaction box with a polyester bag inside, wherein the loading amount of the feed liquid is 60-80% of the volume of the irradiation reaction box;
(5) synthesis by irradiation
The irradiation reaction box in the step (4) enters an irradiation chamber through a conveying system, and an irradiation device therein is utilized for irradiation polymerization reaction, wherein the irradiation dose is 3-10 kGy, and the irradiation device is60The Co gamma device or the electron accelerator is operated continuously in a mode of 3-9 m/min, and the irradiation device adopts60In the case of Co gamma device, it60The total activity of the Co radioactive source is 50-200 kilo Curie, the arrangement mode of the radioactive source is a single-plate source or a double-plate source, the external dimension of the radioactive source rack is not less than 1972mm multiplied by 89mm multiplied by 2856mm, the area of the installed radioactive source is not less than 1800mm multiplied by 2545mm, the number of the installed radioactive source rods is not less than 600, and the maximum specification of the internal volume of the irradiation box is 1220mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 1350 mm; when the irradiation device adopts an electron accelerator, the irradiation reaction box is placed in a conveying system and is conveyed into an irradiation chamber for irradiation, the surface is not changed by one-time irradiation, the energy is 1-10 MeV, the beam power is 50-100 kW, the scanning width is 100cm, the irradiation box is of an upper opening type, the maximum width is 1000mm, and the height is 50-100 mm;
(6) slicing and granulating
After the irradiation polymerization reaction of the feed liquid is finished, the feed liquid is in a gel state, taken out, cut into slices, cut into blocks and granulated by using a gel granulator, and the particle size of the obtained gel particles is 3-5 mm;
(7) drying
And (3) feeding the gel particles prepared in the step (6) into a hot air drying system, drying until the moisture content is less than or equal to 6%, and screening, quality inspection and packaging to obtain the water-retaining agent product for desert greening, wherein the hot air drying system is divided into two sections, the first section is at a drying temperature of 110-150 ℃ for 1-2 hours, the second section is at a drying temperature of 40-80 ℃ for 8-12 hours.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the neutralization reaction has a neutralization degree of 50 to 90%.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the starch is gelatinized in the water bath at 40 to 50 ℃ for 30 to 40 min.
9. The production method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (5), the irradiation dose is 4 to 9kGy and the dose unevenness is < 1.5.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (5), the irradiation device employs60And 2 loading and unloading goods positions are arranged in the Co gamma device, the irradiation reaction box automatically enters the conveying system through the automatic loading and unloading system, and automatic layer changing and surface changing are realized through the conveying system.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein in the step (5), the irradiation is performed by60In the case of a Co gamma device, the conveying system adopts one of a heavy power and free type suspension chain type, a suspension chain + traveling type transition machinery type and a roller way type.
12. The preparation method according to claim 10, wherein in the step (5), when the electron accelerator is used for irradiation, the irradiation conveying system is one of a roller bed type, a crawler type and a chain type.
13. A method for carrying out desert greening water retention by applying the water retention agent for desert greening of any one of the claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) digging hole
Digging tree pits with the depth of 30-100 cm and the length and width of 30-60 cm in a green land;
(2) laying grid
Arranging a layer of grids woven by rattans or branches around the tree pit to fix the tree pit;
(3) filling organic matter
Paving 5-20 cm of organic matters at the bottom of the tree hole, wherein the organic matters are leaves, straws, weeds or fermentation products of the leaves, the straws and the weeds;
(4) laying water-retaining layer
Uniformly mixing the water-retaining agent for desert greening, the organic fertilizer and the sandy soil according to a certain proportion, and laying the mixture on an organic substance layer;
(5) planting nursery stock
Placing the nursery stock above the water-retaining layer of the tree pit according to a conventional method, backfilling half of sandy soil, watering the nursery stock after treading the nursery stock to be full of water, and backfilling the other half of sandy soil.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein in the step (1), when shrubs are planted, the depth of the tree pit is 30-60 cm, and the length and the width of the tree pit are both 30-40 cm; when the arbor is planted, the depth of the tree pit is 60-100 cm, and the length and the width of the tree pit are 40-60 cm.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein in the step (4), the amount of the water-retaining agent is 20-60 g, the organic fertilizer is 1-2 times of the water-retaining agent, and the sand is 300-500 times of the water-retaining agent for greening desert.
16. The method according to claim 13, wherein in the step (5), the nursery stock is seabuckthorn, salix psammophila, populus diversifolia, medlar, jujube tree or apricot tree.
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