Background technology
The organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP is the organic water-retention fertilizer novel material of SAP forming taking agricultural dregs of beans and organic monomer (vinylformic acid, acrylamide) etc. as polymerizable raw material.The organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP is mainly used in the cultivation of agricultural cash crop, plant development, and organic water-retention fertilizer self is containing various trace elements such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.There is water suction, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, insulation and drought resisting, anti-Desertification simultaneously, activate the functions such as woody plant growth.It can absorb own wt 100-700 moisture doubly, can be by the liquid manure of rainwater and pouring, absorb and store fast, supply with uniformly nutrition according to demand of plant growth, and guarantee that plant-growth resists arid ability.Exploitation and the application of the organic water-retention fertilizer product of SAP, representing the direction of development in the future.Having exploitation and the application of the chemistry such as organic water-retention fertilizer, drought resistance agent, physics and the biological technology products of special drought resisting, water saving, water conservation and fertilizer effect, is over nearly 30 years, to study in the world to improve regime of soil water and fertility and improve one of key content of plant water sources fertilizer efficiency rate.Both at home and abroad the research of the organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP be have not been reported.The organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP is a kind of novel Controlled Release Fertilizer, and the water-retention fertilizer novel material being polymerized with hydroscopic high-molecular resin production technique and organic farmers' dregs of beans fertilizer, integrates water suction, water conservation, fertilizer nutrient supply, controlled release, improves water and fertilizer utilization.To promoting high-efficiency water-saving, saving fertile agricultural and there is important effect.China is a large agricultural country, and the nutrient deficiency of farm crop and water deficient are the important factors of restriction China grain-production.Especially in arid, semiarid zone, moisture condition is the bottom line of grain-production, improving the utilization ratio of precipitation is the key of volume increase, and moisture limited the effective utilization of crop to fertilizer from many aspects, so the agricultural development of arid, semiarid zone " crucial in water, outlet at fertilizer ".At present, the research of organic water-retention fertilizer is more and more subject to the attention of agriculture field, and the performance that research center of gravity also starts from how improving water-retention fertilizer shifts to its practical application in agroforestry.The agricultural water-holding agent SAP that now research and development are produced both at home and abroad, the one, cost is high, the 2nd, only have absorbent function not have fertilizer function, therefore the development trend of following SAP product is: (1) this project is innovated by technical research, adopt first the water-retention fertilizer of farm manure dregs of beans and vinylformic acid and acrylamide polymerization at home and abroad, can prepare excellent property, with low cost, the practical organic water-retention fertilizer novel material of SAP, there is the dual-use function of water conservation, fertilizer, organic fertilizer that can water-absorbing-retaining.Traditional fertilizer has production-increasing function to farm crop, but they also have harm to soil.Calcium phosphate contains a large amount of free acids, uses in a large number continuously, can cause soil acidification.The lime that fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains 25%-30%, uses in a large number and can make surface soil alkalinity increase the weight of to worsen with physico-chemical property.Excessive application of phosphoric acid calcium, can make zinc in soil and excessive phosphorus effect, produces phosphoric acid precipitates, and crop cannot absorb.The excessive fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate of using, superfluous phosphorus again can with in magnesium effect, produce the nonabsorbable magnesium hydroxide of crop, cause crop magnesium deficiency.Use in right amount phosphate fertilizer, can promote the absorption of crop to molybdenum, but the excessive phosphate fertilizer of using but can make phosphorus and molybdenum lose nutritive equilibrium, affects the absorption of crop to molybdenum, show " lacking molybdenum disease ".According to the study, excessive using after phosphate fertilizer, also can cause the silicon in soil to be fixed, and can not absorb, and causes that crop lacks silicon, and particularly the impact of the gramineous crop on happiness silicon is larger.Soil phosphorus content is too high, and it is more that crop inhales phosphorus, causes plant respiration too vigorous, consumes the dry-matter of accumulation, causes organ of multiplication to grow in advance, causes that crop is ripe too early, and seed is little, yields poorly.Upper soll layer structure deteriorate under rainfall or the external cause action such as pour water, earth material disperse, and after dry, are subject to the phenomenon of force of cohesion effect.The crumb structure of soil is the important indicator of soil fertility, the destruction of soil aggregate causes spoiled soil water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability and the permeability of soil water-retaining kernel structure to reduce, cause soil compaction, organic content is an important indicator of soil fertility and crumb structure, organic reduction, causes soil compaction.The soil organism is the important component part of soil aggregate.The decomposition of the soil organism is to realize with the activity of microorganism.To excessive applying after nitrogenous fertilizer in soil, the nitrogen supply of microorganism increases by 1 part, and the carbon element of corresponding consumption just increases 25 parts, the carbon element consuming derives from the soil organism, and organic content is low, affects microbic activity, thereby affect the formation of soil granular knot, cause soil compaction.Soil aggregate is that electronegative soil clay particle and the connection of the organic polyvalent cation by positively charged form.Polyvalent cation connects into macrobead with key bridge form by soil particle and forms soil aggregate.Positively charged ion in soil is taking the calcium of divalent, magnesium ion as main, to excessive while applying phosphate fertilizer in soil, the positively charged ion such as calcium, magnesium in soil of the phosphate anion in phosphate fertilizer is combined and is formed insoluble phosphate, wastes phosphate fertilizer, destroy again soil aggregate, caused soil compaction.To excessive while applying potash fertilizer in soil, potassium ion displacement property in potash fertilizer is strong especially, the polyvalent cation that forms soil aggregate can be cemented out, and the potassium ion of monovalence does not have the effect of key bridge, the key bridge of soil aggregate is destroyed, also just destroy crumb structure, caused soil compaction.Peasant has generally felt soil compaction now, and crops difficulty has been planted; People generally feel that fruit is not fragrant, melon is sweetless, dish is tasteless.Crops quality degradation, what reason? the function organic substance of the stalk in agriculture production is burned, the material cycle of agroecosystem is artificially interrupted, the carrier of agriculture production---the organic content in soil is minimum, excessive chemical fertilizer causes the ecological key element quality of agriculture production to decline, the very crux that Here it is.In soil, apply microbial fertilizer, the secretory product of microorganism can dissolve the phosphoric acid salt in soil, and phosphorus element is discharged, and meanwhile, also by potassium and micro-cation release out, recovers crumb structure with key bridge form, eliminates soil compaction.The appearance of the organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP can change the unfavorable phenomenon of above chemical fertilizer to soil, because the organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP is to be formed by microbial fertilizer dregs of beans, has water suction, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, Controlled Release Fertilizer performance, alleviates greatly the harm of chemical fertilizer to soil.Can play improvement soil, make soil become crumb structure, keep soil from packing together and salinization, make the liquid manure of soil be difficult for running off, improve the utilization ratio of soil liquid manure.The organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP in soil absorption moisture repeatedly, form gel convergent-divergent, cause a large amount of micro-interstices to soil, improve the ventilation property of soil, improvement root system environment impels the growth of rhizosphere microbial, prevents hardening and salinification of soil.(2) organic water-retention fertilizer of dregs of beans and vinylformic acid and acrylamide polymerization, self contain the trace element such as a large amount of N, P, K that plant-growth is permitted, can substitute traditional fertilizer, meet the demand of Promoting plant growth, can be widely used in plantation and the cultivation seedling-cultivating etc. of agroforestry high-quality cash crop, the utilization ratio that greatly improves liquid manure can reach 85-95%(conventional fertilizers utilization ratio and be up to 20-30%).(3) super absorbent resin that dregs of beans is polymerized: in water-absorbing-retaining function, there is special strong water suction group, can produce high infiltration association in resin inside and pass through its mesh-structured water suction.Its maximum water absorption is tall and big 13 kilograms every square centimeter-14 kilograms, can absorb the pure water of hundreds of times to thousands of times of own wt, and these absorbed moisture can not squeeze out with general physical method, so it has again very strong water-retentivity.Because the suction force of tree root is mostly 17 kilograms every square centimeter-18 kilograms, generally there will not be the refluence of root tissue water status, and fine-root can directly absorb the moisture in the water-retention fertilizer of storage, this characteristic has determined the widespread use of water-retention fertilizer in agroforestry resisting drought saving water, joint fertilizer.
In the world, the appearance of organic water-retention fertilizer is hopeful the fertilizer of large-scale application in agricultural most after chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, mulch film.The growth of agroforestry plant be unable to do without sunlight, water, fertile three large key elements, and the appearance of water-retention fertilizer has solved two large key elements of plant-growth.Be that future development water saving, the fertile agricultural of joint reduce agroforestry production cost, reach the direction of agroforestry high yield good harvest.Along with China's drought and water shortage, the aggravation of fertilizer deficiency problem and the enforcement of strategy to develop western regions, development water saving, the fertile agricultural of joint, recover and to build the needs of ecotope day by day urgent.The appearance of organic water-retention fertilizer, the production development marketization, by becoming agricultural high-effiency water saving, the important chemical water-saving that saves the fields such as fertile forestation planting grass greening, vegetables cultivation of fruit tree saves fertilizer technology.Believe in the near future, with the forerunner of technology and take as the leading factor with enterprise, water-retention fertilizer will play an important role in agroforestry field.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of preparation method who manufactures the organic water-retention fertilizer of SAP with dregs of beans is provided, shortened process, reduce the production time, reduce production costs, solved the injury difficult problem of a large amount of use traditional fertilizer to soil, increase the content of the organic water-retention fertilizer nitrogen of SAP, phosphorus, potassium, for high-quality agroforestry product provides demand.Improvement soil, prevents hardening of soil.Constant product quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is, manufactures the preparation method of organic water-retention fertilizer with dregs of beans, comprises following content:
(1) be mixed with 30%NaOH aqueous solution 20000g
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 25000g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 20 minutes, adds 1000g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 10100g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 50-40 DEG C, rotating speed is that 100-120 turns, add again 8g methylene-bisacrylamide linking agent, then add 10g ammonium persulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 10-20 minute and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.5, water absorbent rate 300g/g; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, the vinylformic acid using: 1.051 gram per centimeters when proportion is 20 DEG C
3, boiling point is 141.3 DEG C, flash-point is 54.5 DEG C.
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, comprises following content
(1) be mixed with 30% NaOH aqueous solution 21000g;
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 26000g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 15-20 minute, adds 2700g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 12000g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 45-36 DEG C, rotating speed is that 90-100 turns, add again 10 methylene-bisacrylamide linking agents, then add 9g ammonium sulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 25 minutes and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.6, water absorbent rate 260g/g
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, the vinylformic acid using: 1.051 gram per centimeters when proportion is 20 DEG C
3, boiling point is 141.3 DEG C, flash-point is 54.5 DEG C.
the preparation method who manufactures hydroscopic high-molecular resin water-retention fertilizer, comprises following content:
A kind of preparation method who manufactures organic water-retention fertilizer with dregs of beans of the present invention, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, on production technology process, once aggregate into product, dry without baking, the process of polymerization exotherm is exactly dry process, without gelatinization, without processes such as washing, saponification, make the technological process of production shorten 5 times, can in 1 hour, produce finished product, reduce production costs.Solve the injury difficult problem of a large amount of use traditional fertilizer to soil.Meanwhile, in production process, produce environmentally safe, safety and environmental protection without the three wastes (waste material, waste gas, waste water).
2, constant product quality, can be placed directly in plant root, to the growth of root system of plant without injury, after evenly mixing with soil, the liquid manure in storage soil that can be a large amount of, does not evaporate and does not run off for a long time, improve preserving soil moisture, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability, supply with uniformly nutrition according to demand of plant growth, effectively promote the surviving of plant, g and D, guarantee that plant-growth resists arid ability.Meanwhile, improved soil nodule structure, keeps soil from packing together and salinization, makes the liquid manure of soil be difficult for running off, and improves soil liquid manure utilization ratio.The censorship of water-retention fertilizer product, checks the requirement (NO:QIQ-1211059) that meets NY886-2004 agricultural industry standard through Qingdao City's quality supervision and test;
embodiment
embodiment 1
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, comprises following content
(1) be mixed with 30% NaOH aqueous solution 21000g;
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 27000g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 15-20 minute, adds 2700g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 13000g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 45-36 DEG C, rotating speed is that 90-100 turns, add again 10 methylene-bisacrylamide linking agents, then add 9g ammonium sulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 25 minutes and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.6, water absorbent rate 350g/g
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
embodiment 2
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, comprises following content
(1) be mixed with 30% NaOH aqueous solution 21000g;
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 26000g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 15-20 minute, adds 2700g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 11000g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 40-36 DEG C, rotating speed is that 90-100 turns, add again 10 methylene-bisacrylamide linking agents, then add 9g ammonium sulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 25 minutes and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.6, water absorbent rate 330g/g
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
embodiment 3
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, comprises following content
(1) be mixed with 30% NaOH aqueous solution 21000g;
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 26600g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 15-20 minute, adds 2700g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 12700g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 45-36 DEG C, rotating speed is that 90-100 turns, add again 10 methylene-bisacrylamide linking agents, then add 9g ammonium sulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 25 minutes and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.6, water absorbent rate 270g/g
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
embodiment 4
The preparation method of above-mentioned hydroscopic high-molecular resin, comprises following content
(1) be mixed with 30% NaOH aqueous solution 21000g;
(2) neutralization reaction: the NaOH aqueous solution preparing is splashed into 26800g purity continuously and be greater than in 99.5% vinylformic acid, carry out neutralization reaction, the reaction times is 15-20 minute, adds 2700g acrylamide;
(3) graft copolymerization: in the solution after neutralization reaction, the disposable 12000g of adding farm crop bean cake powder (100-200 order) stirs and cools to 43-37 DEG C, rotating speed is that 90-100 turns, add again 10 methylene-bisacrylamide linking agents, then add 9g ammonium sulfate initiator, be warmed to 65-70 DEG C and carry out graft copolymerization, the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110 DEG C-115 DEG C, and the reaction times is 15 minutes;
(4) solidify dry: reaction mixture is diverted in polymerization digestor; React mixed solution after 25 minutes and aggregate into solid, in polymerization process, heat of polymerization makes material seasoning;
(5) pulverize: solid phase prod is ground into particle, gets product.PH value is 6.5, water absorbent rate 300g/g
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content >=6%, organic >=15%;
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the restriction of the present invention being made to other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not depart from, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling above embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.