CN110012988A - 促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料 - Google Patents
促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012988A CN110012988A CN201910378023.9A CN201910378023A CN110012988A CN 110012988 A CN110012988 A CN 110012988A CN 201910378023 A CN201910378023 A CN 201910378023A CN 110012988 A CN110012988 A CN 110012988A
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- macrobrachium
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Classifications
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种水产动物的配合饲料，特别是涉及一种促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料。该配合饲料中各组份的重量百分比为：鱼粉28.0%，发酵豆粕28.0%，菜粕7.0%，花生粕7.0%，玉米淀粉11.0%，豆油0.5%，亚麻籽油1.5%，鱼油1%，花生四烯酸油脂1.5%，卵磷脂0.5%，胆固醇0.5%，氯化胆碱0.5%，多维预混料2.0%，多矿预混料3.0%，纤维素3.0%，诱食剂3.0%，羧甲基纤维素钠2.0%。该配合饲料能促进日本沼虾生长，并提高其抗应激能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水产动物的配合饲料，特别是涉及一种促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料。
背景技术
虾类养殖是水产养殖业中最具代表性的产业之一，其养殖品种经济价值较高，养殖周期较短，在调整和优化水产养殖品种结构、满足国内外市场和人民生活需求具有重要意义，对渔业增产、渔民增收具有重要意义。我国养殖的虾类主要包括海水对虾和淡水虾类，近年来由于对虾病害频发、养殖成本偏高等一系列问题，愈来愈多的养殖户将目光投向淡水虾的养殖。
日本沼虾（Macrobrachium nipponense），又名青虾，由于体形如竹节而半透明，体色青蓝并伴有棕绿色斑纹，故名青虾，是典型的淡水虾类，它具有生长快、养殖周期短、食性杂等特点，已成为我国淡水养殖的主要经济虾类之一。近年来，日本沼虾的养殖业呈稳定增长趋势，据2017年《中国渔业年鉴》公布，日本沼虾的年养殖产量约27.26万吨。然而，在日本沼虾养殖产业的长期发展过程中，也面临着一些制约，如种质退化、生长缓慢、抗应激能力弱。饲料的营养与虾体的生长和免疫密切相关，目前市售日本沼虾饲料更多参照南美白对虾或罗氏沼虾的饲料配方，没有根据其自身营养需求所配制的营养饲料。因此，根据近几年本实验室在日本沼虾饲料中的应用试验研究，得出一种促进日本沼虾生长、提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料。
发明内容
本发明目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料。
本发明解决所述技术问题的技术方案为：
促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，该配合饲料中各组份的重量百分比为：鱼粉28.0%，发酵豆粕28.0%，菜粕7.0%，花生粕7.0%，玉米淀粉11.0%，豆油0.5%，亚麻籽油1.5%，鱼油1%，花生四烯酸油脂1.5%，卵磷脂0.5%，胆固醇0.5%，氯化胆碱0.5%，多维预混料2.0%，多矿预混料3.0%，纤维素3.0%，诱食剂3.0%，羧甲基纤维素钠2.0%。
作为改进，每千克多维预混料中含有： VA 4200000 IU，VC 60 g，VE 20 g，VD31200000 IU，VK 10 g，VB1 10 g，VB2 10 g，VB6 16 g，VB12 20 mg，nicotinic acid 50 g，folic acid 4 g，inositol 60 g，biotin 100 mg，calcium pantothenate 35 g，维生素的载体为纤维素。
作为改进，每千克矿物质预混料中含有：KCl 28 g，MgSO4·7H2O 100 g，NaH2PO4215 g，KH2PO4 100 g，Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 265 g，CaCO3 105 g，C6H10CaO6·5H2O 165 g，FeC6H5O7·5H2O 12 g，ZnSO4·7H2O 4.06 g，MnSO4·H2O 1.07 g，CuCl2.2H2O 2.46 g，Na2SeO3 0.39 g，AlCl3·6H2O 0.15 g，CuCl2·2H2O 0.24 g，CoCl2·6H2O 1.4 g，KI 0.23g。
作为改进，所述诱食剂包括glycine，alanine，glutamic acid，betain，其中，每千克配合饲料中含有：glycine 60 mg，alanine 60 mg，glutamic acid 60 mg，betain 120mg。
作为改进，所述亚麻籽油中亚麻酸有效质量为50%。
作为改进，所述花生四烯酸油脂中花生四烯酸占总脂肪酸质量的40%。
本发明的有益效果为：通过养殖试验，测定日本沼虾的生长性能，肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性（丙二醛含量MDA，超氧化物歧化酶SOD，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px）、血细胞指数和血细胞吞噬活性，嗜水气单胞菌攻毒96 h之后虾的累计死亡率，以及氨氮（氯化铵）胁迫后肝胰腺抗氧化酶活力及96 h虾累计死亡率。结果发现该饲料配方促进了日本沼虾的生长，提高了虾体抗氧化酶性能和非特异免疫力，降低了攻毒或胁迫之后虾的累计死亡率，即提高了日本沼虾的抗应激能力。
具体实施方式
实施例1
配制10 kg采用本配方的配合饲料，其原料组成成分为：鱼粉2.8 kg，发酵豆粕2.8 kg，菜粕0.7 kg，花生粕0.7 kg，玉米淀粉1.1 kg，豆油0.05 kg，亚麻籽油0.15 kg，鱼油0.1kg，花生四烯酸（40%）油脂0.15 kg，卵磷脂0.05 kg，胆固醇0.05 kg，氯化胆碱0.05 kg，多维预混料0.2 kg，多矿预混料0.3 kg，纤维素0.3 kg，诱食剂0.3 kg，羧甲基纤维素钠0.2kg。饲料粗蛋白约为39%，粗脂肪约为7.5%。亚麻籽油中亚麻酸有效质量为50%。花生四烯酸油脂中花生四烯酸占总脂肪酸质量的40%。
其中，每千克多维预混料中含有： VA 4200000 IU，VC 60 g，VE 20 g，VD31200000 IU，VK 10 g，VB1 10 g，VB2 10 g，VB6 16 g，VB12 20 mg，nicotinic acid 50 g，folic acid 4 g，inositol 60 g，biotin 100 mg，calcium pantothenate 35 g，维生素的载体为纤维素。
其中，每千克矿物质预混料中含有：KCl 28 g，MgSO4·7H2O 100 g，NaH2PO4 215g，KH2PO4 100 g，Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 265 g，CaCO3 105 g，C6H10CaO6·5H2O 165 g，FeC6H5O7·5H2O 12 g，ZnSO4·7H2O 4.06 g，MnSO4·H2O 1.07 g，CuCl2.2H2O 2.46 g，Na2SeO3 0.39 g，AlCl3·6H2O 0.15 g，CuCl2·2H2O 0.24 g，CoCl2·6H2O 1.4 g，KI 0.23 g。
其中，诱食剂包括glycine，alanine，glutamic acid，betain，每千克配合饲料中含有：glycine 60 mg，alanine 60 mg，glutamic acid 60 mg，betain 120 mg。
配制对照组的配合饲料，用生四烯酸（40%）油脂0.15 kg替代亚麻籽油0.15 kg，即对照组的配方为：鱼粉2.8 kg，发酵豆粕2.8 kg，菜粕0.7 kg，花生粕0.7 kg，玉米淀粉1.1kg，豆油0.05 kg，鱼油0.1 kg，花生四烯酸（40%）油脂0.3 kg，卵磷脂0.05 kg，胆固醇0.05kg，氯化胆碱0.05 kg，多维预混料0.2 kg，多矿预混料0.3 kg，纤维素0.3 kg，诱食剂0.3kg，羧甲基纤维素钠0.2 kg。饲料粗蛋白约为39%，粗脂肪约为7.5%。
在室内300 L白水槽对日本沼虾幼虾进行养殖对比试验，每组5个平行，幼虾平均初始体重为 0.10 g，每个白水槽放置虾50尾，养殖8周之后，称重，取样，测定相关抗氧化、免疫指标。同时实验组和对照组分别每缸留下20尾虾，每缸平均分成两个缸（10尾虾/缸），实验组和对照组各5个平行（10尾虾/平行）添加36.6 mg/L氯化铵进行氨氮胁迫，实验组和对照组另各5个平行（10尾虾/平行）进行嗜水气单胞菌攻毒试验，攻毒时每尾试验虾从第3步足基部关节软膜处分别注射嗜水气单胞菌菌液50 μL，菌液浓度为3.5×107CFU/mL，统计胁迫或攻毒之后虾的96 h累计死亡率。
结果发现，摄食本配方饲料日本沼虾平均体重达到0.92 g，相对增重率达到787%，相比对照组（平均体重为0.78g）增重显著增加；虾的成活率在80-85%，与对照组差异不显著；抗氧化酶活性SOD、 GSH-PX相比对照组显著增加，MDA含量显著降低；血细胞指数和血细胞吞噬活性相比对照组有所增加，但差异不显著；氨氮胁迫96 h后，本配方试验组虾肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性变化与胁迫前类似，累计死亡率（42 %）相比对照组（54 %）显著减少；攻毒96h后，本配方试验组虾的累计死亡率达到45%，比对照组（55%）显著减少。上述结果充分表明，亚麻籽油某种程度上优化了花生四烯酸的生理作用，该比例亚麻籽油和花生四烯酸共同作用，才更利于虾的生长和抗应激能力的提高。
指标测定
酶活测定：准确称取肝胰腺约0.5 g，按质量体积比1:9加入预冷的0.86%的生理盐水制成10%匀浆液，3 500 r/min离心15 min，吸取上清液。根据各种酶活力的测定方法将上清液稀释成不同浓度，其中上清液中蛋白质含量的测定采用考马斯亮蓝法。MDA、SOD和GSH-PX的测定均按照试剂盒（南京建成生物工程研究所生产）说明书进行。
血细胞总数及吞噬活性测定：采用血球计数器测定各组试验虾的血细胞总数，将一定体积的血淋巴添加在血球计数器上，在光学显微镜下对25个中方格中血细胞进行计数，每个数值至少读取3次。根据稀释倍数及血淋巴体积计算血细胞总数。血淋巴吞噬活性主要操作步骤如下：取100 μL血细胞加入96孔板中，贴壁1 h后，弃上清，加入100 μL 0.001mol/L的中性红溶液，吞噬30 min后，用生理盐水洗掉未被吞噬的中性红，加入100 μL细胞裂解液（冰醋酸:无水乙醇= 1:1,体积比），裂解20 min后，在酶标仪（Thermo, MultiskanFC）中测定溶液在波长540 nm处的吸光度值。吞噬活性=（吸光度值/106个血细胞）×100。
计算公式：
成活率（SR,%）=100×试验结束时存活虾个体数/试验开始时虾的个体数；
增重率(WGR,%)=100×（试验结束时虾的平均体重-试验开始时虾的平均体重）/试验开始时虾的平均体重；
对比例1
配制10 kg本配方配合饲料，其原料组成成分为 ：鱼粉2.8 kg，发酵豆粕2.8 kg，菜粕0.7 kg，花生粕0.7 kg，玉米淀粉1.1 kg，豆油0.05 kg，亚麻籽油0.15 kg，鱼油0.1 kg，花生四烯酸（40%）油脂0.15 kg，卵磷脂0.05 kg，胆固醇0.05 kg，氯化胆碱0.05 kg，多维预混料0.2 kg，多矿预混料0.3 kg，纤维素0.3 kg，诱食剂0.3 kg，羧甲基纤维素钠0.2 kg。饲料粗蛋白约为39%，粗脂肪约为7.5%。
以市售南美白对虾饲料（粗蛋白41%，粗脂肪5%）为对照，在室内300 L白水槽对日本沼虾幼虾进行养殖对比试验，每组5个平行，幼虾平均初始体重为 0.10 g，每个白水槽放置虾40尾，养殖8周之后，称重。
结果发现，摄食本配方饲料日本沼虾平均体重达到0.88 g，相对增重率达到745%，相比对照组（平均体重为 0.71 g）增重显著增加；虾的成活率在84.5%，与对照组（76.5%）相比，显著提高。该结果充分表明，采用该发明的日本沼虾饲料饲养日本沼虾后，提高了虾的生长性能。
对比例2
配制10 kg配合饲料，其原料组成成分为 ：鱼粉2.8 kg，发酵豆粕2.8 kg，菜粕0.7 kg，花生粕0.7 kg，玉米淀粉1.1 kg，豆油0.05 kg，亚麻籽油0.15 kg，鱼油0.1 kg，花生四烯酸（40%）油脂0.15 kg，卵磷脂0.05 kg，胆固醇0.05 kg，氯化胆碱0.05 kg，多维预混料0.2kg，多矿预混料0.3 kg，纤维素0.3 kg，诱食剂0.3 kg，羧甲基纤维素钠0.2 kg。饲料粗蛋白约为39%，粗脂肪约为7.5%。
以市售罗氏沼虾饲料（粗蛋白39%，粗脂肪5%）为对照，在室内300 L白水槽对日本沼虾幼虾进行养殖对比试验，每组5个平行，幼虾平均初始体重为 0.11 g，每个白水槽放置虾40尾，养殖8周之后，称重。
结果发现，摄食本配方饲料日本沼虾平均体重达到0.85 g，相比对照组（平均体重为 0.75 g）增重显著增加；虾的成活率在83.5%，与对照组（78.5%）相比，显著提高。该结果充分表明，采用该发明的日本沼虾配合饲料饲养日本沼虾后，促进了虾的生长，提高了存活率。
Claims (6)
1.促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，该配合饲料中各组份的重量百分比为：鱼粉28.0%，发酵豆粕28.0%，菜粕7.0%，花生粕7.0%，玉米淀粉11.0%，豆油0.5%，亚麻籽油1.5%，鱼油1%，花生四烯酸油脂1.5%，卵磷脂0.5%，胆固醇0.5%，氯化胆碱0.5%，多维预混料2.0%，多矿预混料3.0%，纤维素3.0%，诱食剂3.0%，羧甲基纤维素钠2.0%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，其特征在于：每千克多维预混料中含有： VA 4200000 IU，VC 60 g，VE 20 g，VD3 1200000 IU，VK10 g，VB1 10 g，VB2 10 g，VB6 16 g，VB12 20 mg，nicotinic acid 50 g，folic acid 4 g，inositol 60 g，biotin 100 mg，calcium pantothenate 35 g，维生素的载体为纤维素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，其特征在于：每千克矿物质预混料中含有：KCl 28 g，MgSO4·7H2O 100 g，NaH2PO4 215 g，KH2PO4100 g，Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 265 g，CaCO3 105 g，C6H10CaO6·5H2O 165 g，FeC6H5O7·5H2O 12 g，ZnSO4·7H2O 4.06 g，MnSO4·H2O 1.07 g，CuCl2.2H2O 2.46 g，Na2SeO3 0.39 g，AlCl3·6H2O 0.15 g，CuCl2·2H2O 0.24 g，CoCl2·6H2O 1.4 g，KI 0.23 g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述诱食剂包括glycine，alanine，glutamic acid，betain，其中，每千克配合饲料中含有：glycine 60 mg，alanine 60 mg，glutamic acid 60 mg，betain 120 mg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述亚麻籽油中亚麻酸有效质量为50%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的促进日本沼虾生长并提高其抗应激能力的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述花生四烯酸油脂中花生四烯酸占总脂肪酸质量的40%。
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