CN110003127B - 组合物、有机光电子装置及显示装置 - Google Patents
组合物、有机光电子装置及显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110003127B CN110003127B CN201811603758.9A CN201811603758A CN110003127B CN 110003127 B CN110003127 B CN 110003127B CN 201811603758 A CN201811603758 A CN 201811603758A CN 110003127 B CN110003127 B CN 110003127B
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- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sulfite Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])=O JESHZQPNPCJVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MESMXXUBQDBBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=C1 MESMXXUBQDBBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004593 naphthyridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007660 quinolones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004950 trifluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
相关申请的引证
本申请要求2017年12月27日在韩国知识产权局提交的10-2017-0181478号韩国专利申请的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引证并入本文。
技术领域
公开了组合物、有机光电子装置和显示装置。
背景技术
有机光电子装置是将电能转换成光能的装置,并且反之亦然。
有机光电子装置可以根据其驱动原理按如下分类。一种是在装置中激子由光能产生,分成电子和空穴,并被转移到不同的电极以产生电能的光电装置,另一种是在装置中电压或电流被提供给电极以便由电能产生光能的发光装置。
有机光电子装置的实例可以是有机光电装置、有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池以及有机光导体鼓。
其中,由于对平板显示器的需求增加,有机发光二极管(OLED)最近引起了关注。有机发光二极管可以通过向有机发光材料施加电流来将电能转换成光,且有机发光二极管的性能可以受到设置在电极之间的有机材料的影响。
发明内容
一个实施方式提供了用于有机光电子装置的组合物,其能够实现具有高效率的有机光电子装置。
另一个实施方式提供一种包括组合物的有机光电子装置。
还有另一个实施方式提供一种包括有机光电子装置的显示装置。
根据一个实施方式,组合物包括由化学式1表示的第一化合物和由化学式2或3表示的第二化合物。
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,
Z1至Z3独立地为N或CRa,
Z1至Z3中的至少两个是N,
Ar1和Ar2独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合,
L1是单键或是取代或未取代的C6至C20亚芳基,以及
R1至R6和Ra独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合,
其中,在化学式2或化学式3中,
Ar4至Ar6独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、或它们的组合,
L4至L6独立地为单键、取代或未取代的C6至C20亚芳基、取代或未取代的二价C3至C20杂环基、或它们的组合,
R5至R10独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、取代或未取代的甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的胺基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合,
R5和R6独立地存在或彼此连接形成环,
R7和R8独立地存在或彼此连接形成环,以及
R9和R10独立地存在或彼此连接形成环。
根据另一个实施方式,有机光电子装置包括彼此面对的阳极和阴极、以及阳极与阴极之间的至少一个有机层,其中有机层包括组合物。
根据又一个实施方式,显示装置包括有机光电子装置。
可以实现具有高效率和长寿命的有机光电子装置。
附图说明
图1和图2是示出根据实施方式的有机发光二极管的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施方式进行详细描述。然而,这些实施方式是示例性的,本发明并不限于此,本发明由权利要求的范围所限定。
如本文所使用的,当未另外提供定义时,“取代的”是指由氘、卤素、羟基、氨基、取代或未取代的C1至C30胺基、硝基、取代或未取代的C1至C40甲硅烷基、C1至C30烷基、C1至C10烷基甲硅烷基、C6至C30芳基甲硅烷基、C3至C30环烷基、C3至C30杂环烷基、C6至C30芳基、C2至C30杂环基、C1至C20烷氧基、C1至C10三氟烷基、氰基或它们的组合替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。
在本公开的一个实例中,“取代的”是指由氘、C1至C30烷基、C1至C10烷基甲硅烷基、C6至C30芳基甲硅烷基、C3至C30环烷基、C3至C30杂环烷基、C6至C30芳基或C2至C30杂环基替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。另外,在本公开的具体实例中,“取代的”是指由氘、C1至C20烷基、C6至C30芳基或C2至C30杂环基替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。另外,在本公开的具体实例中,“取代的”是指由氘、C1至C5烷基、C6至C18芳基、吡啶基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基或咔唑基替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。
另外,在本公开的具体实例中,“取代的”是指由氘、C1至C5烷基、C6至C18芳基、二苯并呋喃基或二苯并噻吩基替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。另外,在本公开的具体实例中,“取代的”是指由氘、甲基、乙基、丙基(propanyl group)、丁基、苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、三苯基、二苯并呋喃基或二苯并噻吩基替换取代基或化合物中的至少一个氢。
如本文所使用的,当未另外提供定义时,“杂”是指一个官能团中包括选自N、O、S、P和Si的一至三个杂原子且其余为碳的基团。
如本文所使用的,“芳基”是指包括至少一个芳族烃部分且芳族烃部分的所有元素具有形成共轭的p-轨道的基团,例如苯基、萘基等,两个或更多个芳族烃部分可以通过σ键连接,并且可以是例如联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基等,并且两个或更多个芳族烃部分直接或间接稠合以提供非芳族稠环,例如芴基。
芳基可以包括单环、多环或稠环多环(即,共享相邻碳原子对的环)官能团。
如本文所使用的,“杂环基”是包括杂芳基的上位概念,并且可以在环状化合物诸如芳基、环烷基、它们的稠环或它们的组合中包括选自N、O、S、P和Si的取代碳(C)的至少一个杂原子。当杂环基是稠环时,整个环或杂环基的各个环可以包括一个或多个杂原子。
例如,“杂芳基”可以指包括选自N、O、S、P和Si的至少一个杂原子的芳基。两个或更多个杂芳基通过σ键直接连接,或当C2至C60杂芳基包括两个或更多个环时,这两个或更多个环可以稠合。当杂芳基是稠环时,每个环可以包括1至3个杂原子。
杂环基的具体实例可以是吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基等。
更具体地,取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基可以是取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的蒽基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的并四苯基、取代或未取代的芘基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的对三联苯基、取代或未取代的间三联苯基、取代或未取代的邻三联苯基、取代或未取代的基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基(triphenylene group,苯并菲基)、取代或未取代的二萘嵌苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的茚基、或它们的组合,但不限于此。
更具体地,取代或未取代的C2至C30杂环基可以是取代或未取代的呋喃基、取代或未取代的噻吩基、取代或未取代的吡咯基、取代或未取代的吡唑基、取代或未取代的咪唑基、取代或未取代的三唑基、取代或未取代的噁唑基、取代或未取代的噻唑基、取代或未取代的噁二唑基、取代或未取代的噻二唑基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的嘧啶基、取代或未取代的吡嗪基、取代或未取代的三嗪基、取代或未取代的苯并呋喃、取代或未取代的苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的苯并咪唑基、取代或未取代的吲哚基、取代或未取代的喹啉基、取代或未取代的异喹啉基、取代或未取代的喹唑啉基、取代或未取代的喹喔啉基、取代或未取代的二氮杂萘基、取代或未取代的苯并噁嗪基、取代或未取代的苯并噻嗪基、取代或未取代的吖啶基、取代或未取代的吩嗪基、取代或未取代的吩噻嗪基、取代或未取代的吩噁嗪基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基或取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、或它们的组合,但不限于此。
在本说明书中,空穴特性是指当施加电场时提供电子以形成空穴的能力,在阳极中形成的空穴可以容易地注入到发光层中,在发光层中形成的空穴由于根据最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)水平的导电特性而可以容易地传输到阳极中并在发光层中传输。
另外,电子特性是指当施加电场时接受电子的能力,在阴极中形成的电子可以容易地注入到发光层中,在发光层中形成的电子可以由于根据最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)水平的导电特性而容易地传输到阴极中并在发光层中传输。
下文,对根据实施方式用于有机光电子装置的组合物进行描述。
根据实施方式用于有机光电子装置的组合物包括具有电子特性的第一化合物和具有空穴特性的第二化合物。
第一化合物由化学式1来表示。
[化学式1]
在化学式1中,
Z1至Z3独立地为N或CRa,
Z1至Z3中的至少两个是N,
Ar1和Ar2独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合,
L1是单键或是取代的或未取代的C6至C20亚芳基,且
R1至R6和Ra独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合。
第一化合物是当施加电场时能够接受电子的化合物,是具有电子特性的化合物且具体地具有其中三亚苯环与含氮环连接的结构,是当施加电场时容易接受电子的嘧啶或三嗪环,因此包括第一化合物的有机光电子装置的驱动电压可以得到降低。
例如,Z1至Z3中的至少两个可以是氮(N),其余那个可以是CRa。
例如,Z2和Z3可以是氮,Z1可以是CRa。
例如,Z1和Z3可以是氮,Z2可以是CRa。
例如,Z1至Z3可以分别是氮(N)。
例如,Ar1和Ar2可以独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的嘧啶基、取代或未取代的三嗪基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、或它们的组合。
例如,Ar1和Ar2可以独立地为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的嘧啶基、取代或未取代的三嗪基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基。本文中,“取代的”可以例如指由氘、C1至C20烷基、C6至C20芳基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、卤素、氰基或它们的组合替换至少一个氢,但不限于此。
例如,L1可以是单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基或者取代或未取代的亚三联苯基。
例如,L1可以是单键、取代或未取代的间亚苯基、取代或未取代的对亚苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚苯基、取代或未取代的间亚联苯基、取代或未取代的对亚联苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚联苯基、取代或未取代的间亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的对亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚三联苯基。本文中,“取代的”可以例如指由氘、C1至C20烷基、C6至C20芳基、卤素、氰基或它们的组合替换至少一个氢,但不限于此。
例如,L1可以是单键、亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚三联苯基、氰基取代的亚苯基、氰基取代的亚联苯基或氰基取代的亚三联苯基。
第一化合物可以例如是组1的化合物中的一种,但不限于此。
[组1]
第二化合物是具有空穴特性的化合物,并且可以与第一化合物一起被包含以提供双极(bipolar)特性。
第二化合物可以由化学式2或化学式3来表示。
在化学式2或化学式3中,
Ar4至Ar6独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、或它们的组合,
L4至L6独立地为单键、取代或未取代的C6至C20亚芳基、取代或未取代的二价C3至C20杂环基、或它们的组合,
R5至R10独立地为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1至C30烷基、取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基、取代或未取代的甲硅烷基、取代或未取代的胺基、卤素、氰基、或它们的组合,
R5和R6独立地存在或彼此连接形成环,
R7和R8独立地存在或彼此连接形成环,以及
R9和R10独立地存在或彼此连接形成环。
第二化合物由于稠合的吲哚并咔唑结构而具有良好的空穴特性,通过一起包括第一化合物而具有良好的界面特性以及空穴和电子传输性质,因此包括这些化合物的装置可以具有降低的驱动电压。
另外,第二化合物由于高度刚性的平面结构而可以具有相对高的玻璃转化温度,因此有机化合物的结晶度可以降低,并且可以在处理或驱动过程中防止其降解,以帮助第二化合物的热稳定性,并且包括第二化合物的装置可以具有改善的寿命。例如,第二化合物可以具有约50℃至约300℃的玻璃转化温度。
例如,Ar4至Ar6可以独立地是取代或未取代的C6至C30芳基、或者取代或未取代的C3至C30杂环基。
例如,Ar4至Ar6可以独立地是取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的联苯基、取代或未取代的三联苯基、取代或未取代的萘基、取代或未取代的蒽基、取代或未取代的菲基、取代或未取代的三亚苯基、取代或未取代的芴基、取代或未取代的二苯并呋喃基、取代或未取代的二苯并噻吩基、取代或未取代的咔唑基、或它们的组合。
例如,L4至L6可以独立地是单键或者取代或未取代的C6至C20亚芳基。
例如,L4至L6可以独立地是单键、取代或未取代的亚苯基、取代或未取代的亚联苯基、取代或未取代的亚三联苯基或者取代或未取代的亚萘基。
例如,L4至L6可以独立地是单键、取代或未取代的间亚苯基、取代或未取代的对亚苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚苯基、取代或未取代的间亚联苯基、取代或未取代的对亚联苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚联苯基、取代或未取代的间亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的对亚三联苯基、取代或未取代的邻亚三联苯基。本文中,“取代的”可以例如指由氘、C1至C20烷基、C6至C20芳基、卤素、氰基或它们的组合取代至少一个氢,但不限于此。
第二化合物可以是例如组2的化合物中的一种,但不限于此。
[组2]
第一化合物和第二化合物的重量比可以是例如约1:99至约99:1。在该范围内,可以使用第一化合物的电子传输性质和第二化合物的空穴传输性质来调节期望的重量比,以实现双极特性,从而提高效率和寿命。在该范围内,它们可以例如约10:90至约90:10、约20:80至约80:20、约30:70至约70:30、约40:60至约60:40或约50:50的重量比被包括。
除第一化合物和第二化合物以外,组合物可以进一步包括至少一种化合物。
组合物可以进一步包括掺杂剂。掺杂剂可以是例如磷光掺杂剂,例如红色、绿色或蓝色磷光掺杂剂,且可以是例如红色磷光掺杂剂。
掺杂剂是少量地与第一化合物和第二化合物混合以引起光发射的材料,且通常是通过多次激发成三重态或更高态来发光的材料,诸如金属复合物。掺杂剂可以是例如无机、有机或者有机/无机化合物,且可以使用它们中的一种或多种。
掺杂剂的实例可以是磷光掺杂剂,磷光掺杂剂的实例可以是有机金属化合物,包括Ir、Pt、Os、Ti、Zr、Hf、Eu、Tb、Tm、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd或它们的组合。磷光掺杂剂可以是例如由化学式Z表示的化合物,但不限于此。
[化学式Z]
L2MX
在化学式Z中,M是金属,L和X相同或不同,并且是与M形成复合化合物的配体。
M可以是例如Ir、Pt、Os、Ti、Zr、Hf、Eu、Tb、Tm、Fe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd或它们的组合,以及L和X可以是例如双齿配体。
组合物可以通过干膜形成方法诸如化学气相沉积(CVD)来形成。
下文对包括组合物的有机光电子装置进行描述。
有机光电子装置可以是将电能转换成光能和反过来将光能转换成电能的任何装置,没有特别限制,并且可以是例如有机光电装置、有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池以及有机光导体鼓。
本文中,参照附图对作为有机光电子装置的一个实例的有机发光二极管进行描述。
图1和图2是示出根据实施方式的有机发光二极管的截面图。
参照图1,根据实施方式的有机发光二极管100包括彼此面对的阳极120和阴极110、以及在阳极120与阴极110之间的有机层105。
阳极120可以由具有高功函数以帮助空穴注入的导体制成,并且可以是例如金属、金属氧化物和/或导电聚合物。阳极120可以是例如金属,诸如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌、金等或其合金;金属氧化物,诸如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)等;金属和氧化物的组合,诸如ZnO和Al或SnO2和Sb;导电聚合物,诸如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚(3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩)(PEDOT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺,但不限于此。
阴极110可以由具有低功函数以帮助电子注入的导体制成,并且可以是例如金属、金属氧化物和/或导电聚合物。阴极110可以是例如金属,诸如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡、铅、铯、钡等或其合金;多层结构材料,诸如LiF/Al、LiO2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF2/Ca,但不限于此。
有机层105包括发光层130。
发光层130可以包括例如组合物。
参照图2,除发光层130以外,有机发光二极管200进一步包括空穴辅助层140。空穴辅助层140可以进一步提高空穴注入和/或空穴迁移率并阻挡阳极120与发光层130之间的电子。空穴辅助层140可以是例如空穴传输层、空穴注入层和/或电子阻挡层,且可以包括至少一层。
在实施方式中,在图1或图2中,有机发光二极管可以在有机层105中进一步包括电子传输层、电子注入层、空穴注入层等。
有机发光二极管100和200可以通过下述来制造:在基板上形成阳极或阴极,使用干膜形成方法如真空沉积法(蒸发)、溅射、等离子体镀和离子镀形成有机层并在其上形成阴极或阳极。
可以将有机发光二极管应用于有机发光显示装置。
下文结合实施例对实施方式进行更详细的说明。然而,这些实施例是示例性的,本发明的范围不限于此。
在下文,实施例和合成例中使用的原料和反应物是从Sigma-Aldrich Co.Ltd.或TCI Inc.购买的,但没有具体描述,或者是按已知方法合成的。
用于有机光电子装置的化合物的制备
通过以下步骤合成了作为本发明一个具体实例的化合物。
第一化合物的合成
合成例1至6
参照10-2014-0135524号韩国专利公开文本中公开的合成方法,用表1中的原料1和原料2合成化合物A-31、A-32、A-36、A-37、A-35和A-33。
表1
第二化合物的合成
合成例7:化合物B-21的合成
[反应方案1]
第一步:合成中间产物(B)
将100g(0.301mol)的原料(A)、122.75g(0.602mol)的碘苯、3.82g(0.06mol)的Cu、15.06g(0.06mol)的3,5-二叔丁基水杨酸和62.37g(0.451mol)的K2CO3放入圆底烧瓶,向其中加入750ml的十二烷基苯,将混合物在氮气气氛下回流并搅拌48小时。当反应完成时,加入过量的甲醇沉淀固体,并过滤固体。将固体溶解在1400ml氯苯中并通过硅胶过滤,沉淀出白色固体,得到107.3g(产率:87%)中间产物(B)。
第二步:合成中间产物(C)
将107.3g(0.263mol)的中间体(B)溶解于1300mL的二氯甲烷,将通过溶解44.41g(0.25mol)N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(N-bromosuccin imide)于二甲基甲酰胺制得的另一溶液缓慢加入其中持续4小时,同时将前一溶液在0℃下搅拌。在环境温度下搅拌反应物2小时,然后用蒸馏水和二氯甲烷进行萃取。用碳酸钾干燥由此获得的有机层、过滤并在减压下浓缩。将获得的产物用二氯甲烷和正己烷重结晶,得到122.7g(产率:96%)呈白色固体的中间产物(C)。
第三步:合成中间产物(D)
将122.7g(0.252mol)的中间体(C)、12.34g(0.015mol)的Pd(dppf)Cl2、83.11g(0.327mol)的双(频哪醇合)二硼(bis(pinacolato)diboron,双联频哪醇硼酸酯)、98.15g(0.755mol)乙酸钾和14.12g(0.05mol)的PCy3溶解在1260ml二甲基甲酰胺中。将反应物在氮气气氛下回流并搅拌12小时,并向其中加入蒸馏水以完成反应。在减压下用二甲基甲酰胺对所得产物进行浓缩,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次。用亚硫酸镁干燥提取液并过滤,在减压下浓缩滤液。用正己烷/二氯甲烷(体积比9:1)通过硅胶柱色谱纯化由此得到的产物,得到100g(产率:74%)呈白色固体的中间产物(D)。
第四步:合成中间产物(E)
将67g(0.125mol)中间体(D)、25.32g(0.125mol)1-溴-2-硝基苯、43.32g(0.313mol)碳酸钾和7.24g(0.006mmol)四(三苯基膦)钯悬浮在600ml的1,4-二氧六环和200ml蒸馏水中,然后悬浮并搅拌12小时。当反应完成时,在减压下浓缩所得产物以除去二氧六环,然后用二氯甲烷和蒸馏水进行萃取,用硅胶过滤由此得到的有机层。从中除去有机溶剂后,将其剩余部分用正己烷/二氯甲烷(体积比2:8)进行硅胶柱层析,得到40g(产率:60%)的中间产物(E)。
第五步:合成中间产物(F)
将18.6g(0.035mol)中间体(E)和36.85g(0.14mol)三苯基膦溶解在120ml二氯苯中,并将溶液在氮气气氛下于200℃搅拌12小时。当反应完成时,在减压下浓缩所得产物以除去二氯苯,通过向其中加入过量的正己烷来萃取固体并过滤。将产物溶解在500ml甲苯中,然后用硅胶过滤,在减压下浓缩由此得到的滤液。将由此得到的产物用二氯甲烷和正己烷重结晶,得到14.5g(产率:83%)呈浅黄色固体的中间产物(F)。
第六步:合成化合物B-21
将7.5g(0.015mol)的中间体(F)、3.55g(0.023mol)的溴苯和2.17g(0.023mol)的NaO(t-Bu)3溶解在70ml二甲苯中。随后,依次向其中加入0.52g(0.001mol)的Pd(dba)2和1.83g(0.005mol)的P(t-Bu)3,将所得混合物在氮气气氛下回流并搅拌12小时。当反应完成时,向其中加入过量的甲醇以沉淀固体。将固体过滤,溶解在甲苯中,进行硅胶过滤,在减压下对滤液进行浓缩。将由此获得的产物用二氯甲烷和正己烷重结晶,得到7.9g(产率:91%)呈白色固体的化合物B-21。
合成例8:合成化合物B-30
[反应方案2]
将7.5g(0.015mol)中间体(F)、4.68g(0.023mol)2-溴萘和2.17g(0.023mol)的NaO(t-Bu)3溶解在70ml二甲苯中。接下来,依次向其中加入0.52g(0.001mol)的Pd(dba)2和1.83g(0.005mol)的P(t-Bu)3,并将所得混合物在氮气气氛下回流并搅拌12小时。当反应完成时,向其中加入过量的甲醇沉淀固体。将固体过滤,溶解在甲苯中,进行硅胶过滤,在减压下对由此获得的滤液进行浓缩。将由此获得的产物用二氯甲烷和正己烷重结晶,得到8.3g(产率:88%)呈白色固体的化合物B-30。
有机发光二极管的制造
实施例1
用蒸馏水洗涤涂覆有呈厚薄膜的ITO(氧化铟锡)的玻璃基板。用蒸馏水洗涤后,用溶剂异丙醇、丙酮、甲醇等对玻璃基板进行超声波洗涤并干燥,然后移至等离子体清洁器,用氧等离子体清洁10分钟,移至真空沉积器。将得到的ITO透明电极用作阳极,将化合物A真空沉积在ITO基板上形成厚的空穴注入层,在注入层上沉积化合物B至厚,以及沉积化合物C至厚以形成空穴传输层。在空穴传输层上,通过真空沉积化合物C-1形成厚的空穴传输辅助层。在空穴传输辅助层上,通过同时真空沉积合成例5的化合物A-35和合成例7的化合物B-21作为主体并掺杂2wt%的[Ir(piq)2acac]作为掺杂剂来形成厚的发光层。本文中,化合物A-35和化合物B-21按1:1的重量比使用,它们的重量比分别在以下实施例中。随后,在发光层上,通过按1:1的比例同时真空沉积化合物D和Liq形成厚的电子传输层,在电子传输层上,将Liq和Al依次真空沉积成厚和厚,制造有机发光二极管。
有机发光二极管包括五层有机薄层,具体结构如下。
化合物A:N4,N4’-二苯基-N4,N4’-双(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基)联苯-4,4’-二胺
化合物B:1,4,5,8,9,11-六氮杂三亚苯基-六腈(HAT-CN)
化合物C:N-(联苯-4-基)-9,9-二甲基-N-(4-(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基)苯基)-9H-芴-2-胺
化合物C-1:N,N-二([1,1’-联苯基]-4-基)-7,7-二甲基-7H-芴并[4,3-b]苯并呋喃-10-胺
化合物D:8-(4-(4,6-二(萘-2-基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)苯基)喹诺酮
实施例2
除了按1:1的重量比沉积化合物A-35和合成例8中获得的化合物B-30作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
实施例3
除了按3:7的重量比沉积化合物A-35和化合物B-21作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
比较例1
除了仅沉积化合物A-35作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
比较例2
除了按1:1的重量比沉积化合物A-35和以下化合物R-1作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
[R-1]
比较例3
除了按1:1的重量比沉积化合物A-35和以下化合物R-2作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
[R-2]
比较例4
除了按3:7的重量比沉积化合物A-35和以上化合物R-1作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
比较例5
除了按3:7的重量比沉积化合物A-35和以上化合物R-2作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
比较例6
除了按3:7的重量比沉积化合物A-35和以下化合物R-3作为主体以外,根据与实施例1相同的方法制造有机发光二极管。
[R-3]
评价I
对合成例7中获得的化合物B-21、比较例2中所用的化合物R-1以及比较例6中所用的化合物R-3的玻璃化转变温度进行了测量。
使用梅特勒-托利多公司(Mettler toledo,Inc.)的DSC1设备,通过能量输入差与温度的函数测量玻璃化转变温度,同时改变样品和参照物的温度。
结果示于表2。
表2
材料 | 玻璃化转变温度(℃) |
B-21 | 154 |
R-1 | 122 |
R-3 | 114 |
参照表2,与比较例2中所用的化合物R-1和比较例6中所用的化合物R-3相比,合成例7中获得的化合物B-21表现出较高的玻璃化转变温度。根据此结果,与比较例2中所用的化合物R-1和比较例6中所用的化合物R-3相比,合成例7中获得的化合物B-21可以具有高的热稳定性,且可以降低有机化合物在处理和/或驱动过程中的结晶度并防止降解。
评价II
对根据实施例1至3和比较例1至6的有机发光二极管的发光效率、功率效率和驱动电压进行了评价。
具体的测量方法如下,结果示于表3至表5。
(1)根据电压变化测量电流密度变化
针对单元装置中流动的电流值对获得的有机发光二极管进行测量,同时使用电流-电压计(Keithley 2400)将电压从0V增加到10V,并将测得的电流值除以面积来提供结果。
(2)根据电压变化测量亮度变化
使用亮度计(Minolta Cs-1000A)测量亮度,同时将有机发光二极管的电压从0V增加到10V。
(3)测量发光效率
通过使用来自测量项(1)和(2)的亮度、电流密度和电压(V),计算相同电流密度(10mA/cm2)下的电流效率(cd/A)。
(4)衰减(roll-off)测量
根据(3)的特性测量,通过根据(最大亮度下的发光效率-所需亮度(3300cd/m2)下的发光效率)/最大亮度下的发光效率计算效率下降量(%)来测量衰减。
(5)测量驱动电压
用电流-电压计(Keithley 2400)在15mA/cm2下测量每个二极管的驱动电压。
(6)外量子效率(EQE)
用吸湿剂密封制造的有机发光二极管,并使用IPCE测量系统测量在所需亮度(3300cd/m2)下的外量子效率(EQE)。
表3
表4
表5
参照表3至表5,与根据比较例的有机发光二极管相比,根据实施例的有机发光二极管表现出高的发光效率和外量子效率(EQE)以及低的驱动电压和衰减效应。
虽然结合目前被认为是实际示例性的实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但是应当理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施方式,相反,本发明旨在覆盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等效布置。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,Ar1和Ar2独立地为苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、三亚苯基、或它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,L1是单键、亚苯基、亚联苯基、或者亚三联苯基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,化学式2或化学式3中的Ar4至Ar6是苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、三亚苯基、或它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,进一步包含掺杂剂。
8.一种有机光电子装置,包括:
彼此面对的阳极和阴极,以及
所述阳极与所述阴极之间的至少一个有机层,
其中,所述有机层包含权利要求1所述的组合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的有机光电子装置,其中,所述有机层包括发光层,并且
所述发光层包含所述组合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的有机光电子装置,其中,包括所述第一化合物和所述第二化合物中的每一种作为所述发光层的磷光主体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的有机光电子装置,其中,所述组合物是发射红光的组合物。
12.一种显示装置,包括权利要求8所述的有机光电子装置。
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