CN109997751A - 一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法 - Google Patents
一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997751A CN109997751A CN201910300193.5A CN201910300193A CN109997751A CN 109997751 A CN109997751 A CN 109997751A CN 201910300193 A CN201910300193 A CN 201910300193A CN 109997751 A CN109997751 A CN 109997751A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,涉及水产活体运输领域;在运输车中放置箱体,箱体中放置制冷机,使箱体温度控制在5‑10℃;在箱体中放置栏框,将小龙虾苗放置于栏框内,运输时,不断向栏框内喷淋水,保持栏框湿度在60‑70%;运输结束后,关闭制冷机,使箱体温度自然升温到常温,并不断向栏框喷淋水,使栏框湿度保持在80‑90%,箱体温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中;使用该方法运输的小龙虾苗,运输当天放养后成活率98%以上,喂养7日后,成活率依然保持在97.7%以上。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及水产活体运输领域,具体涉及一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法。
背景技术:
小龙虾形似虾而甲壳坚硬。成体长约5.6~11.9厘米,整体颜色包括红色、红棕色、粉红色。背部是酱暗红色,两侧是粉红色,带有橘黄色或白色的斑点。甲壳部分近黑色,腹部背面有一楔形条纹。幼虾体为均匀的灰色,有时具黑色波纹。螯狭长。甲壳中部不被网眼状空隙分隔,甲壳上明显具颗粒。额剑具侧棘或额剑端部具刻痕。爪子是暗红色与黑色,有亮桔红色或微红色结节。幼虫和雌性的爪子的背景颜色可以是黑褐色。头顶尖长,经常有轻微刺或结节,结节通常具锋利的脊椎。
小龙虾苗在运输过程中,容易发生器官受损或应激反应,表现为神经和内分泌系统水平上的血浆肾上腺素或去肾上腺素含量显著升高和血浆皮质醇含量显著升高,进而引起呼吸系统、心血管系统、以及免疫系统等各组织与器官方面的损伤,导致投放田间水塘后,7天内就死亡,因此,由于长途运输导致小龙虾苗死亡,是困扰小龙虾养殖的首要问题。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,使得小龙虾苗的成活率得到提高。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,包括以下步骤:
在运输车中放置箱体,箱体中放置制冷机,使箱体温度控制在5-10℃;
在箱体中放置栏框,将小龙虾苗放置于栏框内,运输时,不断向栏框内喷淋水,保持栏框湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机,使箱体温度自然升温到常温,并不断向栏框喷淋水,使栏框湿度保持在80-90%,箱体温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
所述箱体中设有栏框,所述栏框4个侧面上设有交叉连通的通孔,顶部和底部设有透气孔,所述箱体底部设有水槽,所述栏框置于水槽上,所述水槽内设有水泵,水槽顶部设置栅栏,所述箱体顶部设有喷淋头,所述水槽通过管道与喷淋头连接。
所述栏框为塑料栏框,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,栏框高度不超过10厘米,层数不超过20层。
向栏框喷淋的水中添加了中药制剂,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:钩藤12-18份、酸枣仁2-3份、黄芪22-25份、刺五加1-3份、五味子5-7份、金银花13-17份、胆汁酸3-5份、葡萄糖3-6份、几丁聚糖2-3份、VC8-12份、VB7-9份、VE14-16份、赖氨酸4-6份、蛋氨酸2-3份、色氨酸1-2份、牛磺酸4-5份、谷氨酰氨10-13份、碳酸氢钠6-8份、氯化钠3-5份、氯化钾2-4份、氯化铵1-2份、有机镁3-6份、硒2-3份、锌3-5份、铬1-2份、柠檬酸8-12份、苹果酸12-15份、腐植酸6-8份、甜菜碱14-18份。
所述中药制剂的制备方法为:将所有原料混合,研磨,加入原料重量0.8倍的水,混合均匀后放入高温高压环境中静置2-3h,冷却后加入原料重量3倍的水,超声20min,过滤,将滤出物干燥,制得中药制剂。
所述高温高压环境为140±5℃、3±0.2MPa。
本发明提供了一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其有益效果为:
(1)使用制冷机制冷,能使箱体温度均匀,进而使得小龙虾苗所处的环境温度均匀,和现有的使用冰块相比,能更好的控制温度,并且避免了冰块直接与小龙虾接触导致小龙虾寿命减少;
(2)箱体中设有多个栏框,每个栏框高度不超过10厘米,并且在栏框6个面上均设有孔,保证了空气和水的流通,在箱体底部设有水槽,顶部设有喷淋头,运输过程中不断循环喷水,保证了小龙虾苗所需的水分,防治脱水造成器官受损,提高成活率;
(3)喷淋水中加入中药制剂能够缓解小龙虾苗的应激反应,进而提高成活率。
附图说明:
图1为本发明箱体结构示意图;
其中,1-箱体,2-塑料栏框,3-通孔,4-透气孔,5-水槽,6-水泵,7-管道,8-喷淋头,9-栅栏,10-制冷机;
图2为本发明水槽结构示意图。
具体实施方式:
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1:
在小龙虾运输车中放置箱体1,箱体1底部放置水槽5,水槽5高度设成40厘米,水槽5顶部设置栅栏9,在水槽5上方放置20层塑料栏框2,每层塑料栏框2的高度为10厘米,塑料栏框2的4个侧面上设置交叉连通的通孔3,顶部和底部设置透气孔4,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,箱体1顶部设置喷淋头8,通过管道7与水槽5连接,箱体1中放置制冷机10;
运输时,通过制冷机10,控制箱体1的温度在5-10℃之间,通过水泵6,循环向塑料栏框2喷淋水,保持塑料栏框2湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机10,使箱体1温度自然升温到常温,并不断向塑料栏框2喷淋水,使塑料栏框2湿度保持在80-90%,箱体1温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
实施例2:
在小龙虾运输车中放置箱体1,箱体1底部放置水槽5,水槽5高度设成40厘米,水槽5顶部设置栅栏9,在水槽5上方放置15层塑料栏框2,每层塑料栏框2的高度为4厘米,塑料栏框2的4个侧面上设置交叉连通的通孔3,顶部和底部设置透气孔4,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,箱体1顶部设置喷淋头8,通过管道7与水槽5连接,箱体1中放置制冷机10;
运输时,通过制冷机10,控制箱体1的温度在5-8℃之间,通过水泵6,循环向塑料栏框2喷淋水,保持塑料栏框2湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机10,使箱体1温度自然升温到常温,并不断向塑料栏框2喷淋水,使塑料栏框2湿度保持在80-90%,箱体1温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
实施例3:
在小龙虾运输车中放置箱体1,箱体1底部放置水槽5,水槽5高度设成40厘米,水槽5顶部设置栅栏9,在水槽5上方放置10层塑料栏框2,每层塑料栏框2的高度为3厘米,塑料栏框2的4个侧面上设置交叉连通的通孔3,顶部和底部设置透气孔4,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,箱体1顶部设置喷淋头8,通过管道7与水槽5连接,箱体1中放置制冷机10;
水槽5的水中加入中药制剂,中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:钩藤12份、酸枣仁2份、黄芪22份、刺五加1份、五味子5份、金银花13份、胆汁酸3份、葡萄糖3份、几丁聚糖2份、VC8份、VB7份、VE14份、赖氨酸4份、蛋氨酸2份、色氨酸1份、牛磺酸4份、谷氨酰氨10份、碳酸氢钠6份、氯化钠3份、氯化钾2份、氯化铵1份、有机镁3份、硒2份、锌3份、铬1份、柠檬酸8份、苹果酸12份、腐植酸6份、甜菜碱14份;
中药制剂的制备方法为:将所有原料混合,研磨,加入原料重量0.8倍的水,混合均匀后放入140±5℃、3±0.2MPa环境中静置2h,冷却后加入原料重量3倍的水,超声20min,过滤,将滤出物干燥,制得中药制剂;
运输时,通过制冷机10,控制箱体1的温度在5-8℃之间,通过水泵6,循环向塑料栏框2喷淋水,保持塑料栏框2湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机10,使箱体1温度自然升温到常温,并不断向塑料栏框2喷淋水,使塑料栏框2湿度保持在80-90%,箱体1温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
实施例4:
在小龙虾运输车中放置箱体1,箱体1底部放置水槽5,水槽5高度设成40厘米,水槽5顶部设置栅栏9,在水槽5上方放置8层塑料栏框2,每层塑料栏框2的高度为5厘米,塑料栏框2的4个侧面上设置交叉连通的通孔3,顶部和底部设置透气孔4,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,箱体1顶部设置喷淋头8,通过管道7与水槽5连接,箱体1中放置制冷机10;
水槽5的水中加入中药制剂,中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:钩藤18份、酸枣仁3份、黄芪25份、刺五加3份、五味子7份、金银花17份、胆汁酸5份、葡萄糖6份、几丁聚糖3份、VC12份、VB9份、VE16份、赖氨酸6份、蛋氨酸3份、色氨酸2份、牛磺酸5份、谷氨酰氨13份、碳酸氢钠8份、氯化钠5份、氯化钾4份、氯化铵2份、有机镁6份、硒3份、锌5份、铬2份、柠檬酸12份、苹果酸15份、腐植酸8份、甜菜碱18份;
中药制剂的制备方法为:将所有原料混合,研磨,加入原料重量0.8倍的水,混合均匀后放入140±5℃、3±0.2MPa环境中静置3h,冷却后加入原料重量3倍的水,超声20min,过滤,将滤出物干燥,制得中药制剂;
运输时,通过制冷机10,控制箱体1的温度在5-8℃之间,通过水泵6,循环向塑料栏框2喷淋水,保持塑料栏框2湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机10,使箱体1温度自然升温到常温,并不断向塑料栏框2喷淋水,使塑料栏框2湿度保持在80-90%,箱体1温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
对比例1:
一种提高小龙虾苗种运输成活率的方法,步骤包括
(1)挂网诱捕:选择黑色质地柔软且网孔孔径在3cm的粗孔网,将孔网每30cm扎成一束,在苗池的四周每5m挂一束,使网底接近池底,次日早晨将孔网放入捞网中,在水中来回抖动,虾苗掉入捞网,将捞网内虾苗入盆后集中暂养在网箱中。过数小时可再次以同样的方式收集虾苗。
(2)苗种分拣:挑选颜色青灰、有光泽、规格整齐的虾苗,尽量购买虾体稍呈红色,并及时剔除入盆后呈堆状,而不是跳跃并迅速爬离的虾苗,最后确认的虾苗共100斤,每斤约为118尾;
(3)抗应激处理:将虾苗放入清水池中吐泥30min,并按每1m水200克的量泼洒V+V混合粉;
(4)运输:选用40cm×50cm×20cm的塑料筐干运,先在塑料筐底部和四周铺设网布,再在塑料筐的底部铺设经消毒的水草(水花生),消毒方法为将水草放入二氧化氯溶液中浸泡消毒30min,在塑料框内装入虾苗且厚度为5cm,然后在虾体表面铺设经消毒的水草,接着覆盖一层吸水海绵,保证框内湿度在70-100%,夜间运输,且运输过程中,在塑料筐的外框四周上放置瓶装冰块,控制框内温度低于20℃。
其中,吸水海绵的制备原料按重量份数包括100份聚醚多元醇、8份硼氢化钠、5份季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯、45份2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、22份聚丙烯酸钠、3份硅油、0.45份二甲基环己胺和0.56份二硫醇烷基锡,经搅拌混合、固化、蒸汽汽提(将吸水海绵放置于汽提塔内,控制汽提塔内压力为-0.08MPa,温度为120℃,蒸汽汽提35min)制成,且吸水海绵制成后放入弱碱性水溶液中浸泡2min。经检测,本发明介绍的吸水海绵吸水率为普通吸水海绵的2.5倍以上,且不会挥发出有害气体,也没有任何难闻的气味。
(5)苗种放养:运输完成后,将虾苗放置阴凉处,对放养池消毒,然后将虾苗放在放养池水内浸泡1min,再提起搁置2.5min,如此反复3次,使虾苗体表和鳃腔吸足水分后,将虾苗均匀投放到放养池内有水草的区域。
对比例2:
以实施例3作为对照,设置中药制剂中不添加钩藤、酸枣仁、黄芪、刺五加、五味子,其它条件与实施例3相同。
对以上各实施例和对比例运输的小龙虾苗放养后当天统计成活率,喂养7天,统计成活率,统计结果如下:
当天成活率 | 7日成活率 | |
实施例1 | 98.2% | 97.7% |
实施例2 | 98.4% | 97.7% |
实施例3 | 98.5% | 97.8% |
实施例4 | 98.5% | 97.8% |
对比例1 | 96.5% | 94.7% |
对比例2 | 97.2% | 95.3% |
由上述表格可知,通过本发明运输方法运输的小龙虾苗在运输当天放养后成活率98%以上,没有发生任何损伤,喂养7日后,成活率依然保持在97.7%以上。中药制剂中加入钩藤、酸枣仁、黄芪、刺五加、五味子,能有效缓解小龙虾的应激反应,进而提高成活率。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (7)
1.一种长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
在运输车中放置箱体,箱体中放置制冷机,使箱体温度控制在5-10℃;
在箱体中放置栏框,将小龙虾苗放置于栏框内,运输时,不断向栏框内喷淋水,保持栏框湿度在60-70%;
运输结束后,关闭制冷机,使箱体温度自然升温到常温,并不断向栏框喷淋水,使栏框湿度保持在80-90%,箱体温度达到常温后,将小龙虾苗移入放养池中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,所述箱体中设有栏框,所述栏框4个侧面上设有交叉连通的通孔,顶部和底部设有透气孔,所述箱体底部设有水槽,所述栏框置于水槽上,所述水槽内设有水泵,水槽顶部设置栅栏,所述箱体顶部设有喷淋头,所述水槽通过管道与喷淋头连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,所述栏框为塑料栏框,栏框的底部和小龙虾的上部铺设伊乐藻水草,栏框高度不超过10厘米,层数不超过20层。
4.根据权利要求2所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,所述水槽的高度为40厘米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,向栏框喷淋的水中添加了中药制剂,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:钩藤12-18份、酸枣仁2-3份、黄芪22-25份、刺五加1-3份、五味子5-7份、金银花13-17份、胆汁酸3-5份、葡萄糖3-6份、几丁聚糖2-3份、VC8-12份、VB7-9份、VE14-16份、赖氨酸4-6份、蛋氨酸2-3份、色氨酸1-2份、牛磺酸4-5份、谷氨酰氨10-13份、碳酸氢钠6-8份、氯化钠3-5份、氯化钾2-4份、氯化铵1-2份、有机镁3-6份、硒2-3份、锌3-5份、铬1-2份、柠檬酸8-12份、苹果酸12-15份、腐植酸6-8份、甜菜碱14-18份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的制备方法为:将所有原料混合,研磨,加入原料重量0.8倍的水,混合均匀后放入高温高压环境中静置2-3h,冷却后加入原料重量3倍的水,超声20min,过滤,将滤出物干燥,制得中药制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的长途运输小龙虾苗的方法,其特征在于,所述高温高压环境为140±5℃、3±0.2MPa。
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