CN108668968A - 一种龙虾养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种龙虾养殖方法。它包括以下步骤:(1)建塘;(2)消毒施肥;(3)虾苗放养;(4)饲养;(5)水质管理。本发明适用于淡水龙虾的养殖,能够有效提高龙虾免疫能力和产量,使龙虾个头增大,肉味更加鲜美。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术,特别涉及一种龙虾养殖方法。
背景技术
淡水龙虾,俗称小龙虾,属于节肢动物门甲壳纲十足目龙虾科,头部和胸部较粗大,外壳坚硬,肉质鲜美,是一种低脂肪低胆固醇高蛋白的营养滋补食品。淡水龙虾除具有体型较大,肉质肥美外,还有生长周期短,产量高,食杂适应性强的特点,特别适合人工商品性养殖。现有的龙虾养殖方法不科学造成养殖水体污染,龙虾死亡率高,虾体也不够大、产量低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对背景技术中存在的缺点和不足做出改进和创新,提供一种龙虾养殖方法,能够有效提高龙虾免疫能力和产量,使龙虾个头增大,肉味更加鲜美。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:一种龙虾养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建塘:选择水源充足,排水方便的地方修建池塘,池深1.5m,利用石棉瓦加固池塘四周,并在塘边设置1m高的防逃网;
(2)消毒施肥:将建好的池塘暴晒5~7天,然后全塘泼洒生石灰放置3~5天;消毒后,往池中注水至水深0.9m,按350~420kg/亩施加肥料,施肥3~4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占池塘面积40~46%;
(3)虾苗放养:将选育好的幼虾在放养前用4%食盐水清洗5min,然后投入池塘中,放养量为90~110kg/亩,同时控制好幼虾的雌雄比例;
(4)饲养:养殖开始一个月内,每日投喂两次饲料,每次按25~35kg/亩投喂;一个月后,每次按35~45kg/亩投喂;两个月后,增加饲料投喂量,投喂量为虾体重的4~5%;
(5)水质管理:控制池塘的水温、溶氧量和pH值,水体透明度保持在45cm以上,每天开启增氧机3小时,每周换掉池中1/3水,同时,每隔15~20天添、换新水一次,并用生石灰泼洒一次,泼洒量为6~8kg/亩,阴雨天气开启增氧机。
优选的,所述肥料由以下重量份的原料混合组成:鸡粪60~75份,猪粪65~80份,棉饼25~30份,松木木屑33~35份,板栗壳28~35份,白云石粉3~6份,橘叶粉17~20份,马铃薯渣19~22份,三色堇8~10份,菜籽饼20~23份。
优选的,所述水草为芦苇、伊乐藻或水花生中一种或多种。
优选的,所述幼虾选择体色暗红或黑红色、有光泽、体表光滑无附着物,附肢齐全、无损伤,体格健壮、活动敏捷,体长为4~6cm的虾苗;且投放时雌雄比例控制为3~4:1。
优选的,所述饲料由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米粉38~45份,虾壳粉11~14份,高粱粉10~18份,豆饼18~22份,麸皮4~8份,复合维生素2~4份,小麦粉6~10份,食盐8~10份,鱼粉12~14份,蚯蚓粉20~24份,螺丝肉6~10份,酒糟8~11份,光合细菌2~4份,牡丹皮2~4份,泽兰1.5~2.5份,银杏叶1~3份,党参1~3份,白芷3~5份。
优选的,所述池塘的水温控制为24~30℃,溶氧量控制为10~12mg/L,pH值控制为6.8~7.2。
本发明的优点及有益效果:
本发明通过合理的种植水草,能长期保证龙虾生存环境的多元化,促进龙虾的质量和产量,也利于提高水质;本发明在投喂龙虾时,采用动物性饲料和中药饲料,保证龙虾生长所需的营养,提高龙虾的营养价值。动物性饲料中的蚯蚓粉属于高蛋白物质能够为龙虾生长提供丰富蛋白质,使得龙虾的肉质鲜嫩。中药饲料中添加光合细菌,能够为龙虾提供足够多的氧气,龙虾存活率达到95%以上。本发明通过科学的养殖,提高了龙虾的抗逆能力和亩产量,提高了龙虾的成活率,饲料营养丰富健全,能够刺激龙虾的发育成长,使龙虾品质更佳,相对于传统养殖方法,本发明能使养殖的龙虾个头增大、产量提高、肉质变结实,肉味更加鲜美。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种龙虾养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建塘:选择水源充足,排水方便的地方修建池塘,池深1.5m,利用石棉瓦加固池塘四周,并在塘边设置1m高的防逃网;
(2)消毒施肥:将建好的池塘暴晒5天,然后全塘泼洒生石灰放置3天;消毒后,往池中注水至水深0.9m,按350kg/亩施加肥料,施肥3天后在种植水草芦苇,水草芦苇覆盖面积占池塘面积40%,所述肥料由以下重量份的原料混合组成:鸡粪60份,猪粪65份,棉饼25份,松木木屑33份,板栗壳28份,白云石粉3份,橘叶粉17份,马铃薯渣19份,三色堇8份,菜籽饼20份;
(3)虾苗放养:选择体色暗红或黑红色、有光泽、体表光滑无附着物,附肢齐全、无损伤,体格健壮、活动敏捷,体长为4cm的幼虾,放养前用4%食盐水清洗5min,然后投入池塘中,放养量为90~110kg/亩,且幼虾的雌雄比例控制为3:1;
(4)饲养:养殖开始一个月内,每日投喂两次饲料,每次按25kg/亩投喂;一个月后,每次按35kg/亩投喂;两个月后,增加饲料投喂量,投喂量为虾体重的4%;所述饲料由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米粉38份,虾壳粉11份,高粱粉10份,豆饼18份,麸皮4份,复合维生素2份,小麦粉6份,食盐8份,鱼粉12份,蚯蚓粉20份,螺丝肉6份,酒糟8份,光合细菌2份,牡丹皮2份,泽兰1.5份,银杏叶1份,党参1份,白芷3份。
(5)水质管理:控制池塘的水温为24℃,溶氧量为10mg/L,pH值为6.8,水体透明度保持在45cm以上,每天开启增氧机3小时,每周换掉池中1/3水,同时,每隔15天添、换新水一次,并用生石灰泼洒一次,泼洒量为6kg/亩,阴雨天气开启增氧机。
实施例2
一种龙虾养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建塘:选择水源充足,排水方便的地方修建池塘,池深1.5m,利用石棉瓦加固池塘四周,并在塘边设置1m高的防逃网;
(2)消毒施肥:将建好的池塘暴晒6天,然后全塘泼洒生石灰放置4天;消毒后,往池中注水至水深0.9m,按385kg/亩施加肥料,施肥3天后在种植水草伊乐藻,伊乐藻覆盖面积占池塘面积43%,所述肥料由以下重量份的原料混合组成:鸡粪70份,猪粪73份,棉饼27份,松木木屑34份,板栗壳31份,白云石粉4份,橘叶粉18份,马铃薯渣20份,三色堇9份,菜籽饼21份;
(3)虾苗放养:选择体色暗红或黑红色、有光泽、体表光滑无附着物,附肢齐全、无损伤,体格健壮、活动敏捷,体长为5cm的幼虾,放养前用4%食盐水清洗5min,然后投入池塘中,放养量为100kg/亩,且幼虾的雌雄比例控制为3:1;
(4)饲养:养殖开始一个月内,每日投喂两次饲料,每次按30kg/亩投喂;一个月后,每次按40kg/亩投喂;两个月后,增加饲料投喂量,投喂量为虾体重的4%;所述饲料由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米粉42份,虾壳粉12份,高粱粉14份,豆饼20份,麸皮6份,复合维生素3份,小麦粉8份,食盐9份,鱼粉13份,蚯蚓粉22份,螺丝肉8份,酒糟10份,光合细菌3份,牡丹皮3份,泽兰2份,银杏叶2份,党参2份,白芷4份。
(5)水质管理:控制池塘的水温为27℃,溶氧量为11mg/L,pH值为7.0,水体透明度保持在45cm以上,每天开启增氧机3小时,每周换掉池中1/3水,同时,每隔18天添、换新水一次,并用生石灰泼洒一次,泼洒量为7kg/亩,阴雨天气开启增氧机。
实施例3
一种龙虾养殖方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)建塘:选择水源充足,排水方便的地方修建池塘,池深1.5m,利用石棉瓦加固池塘四周,并在塘边设置1m高的防逃网;
(2)消毒施肥:将建好的池塘暴晒7天,然后全塘泼洒生石灰放置5天;消毒后,往池中注水至水深0.9m,按420kg/亩施加肥料,施肥4天后在种植水草水花生,水花生覆盖面积占池塘面积46%,所述肥料由以下重量份的原料混合组成:鸡粪75份,猪粪80份,棉饼30份,松木木屑35份,板栗壳35份,白云石粉6份,橘叶粉20份,马铃薯渣22份,三色堇10份,菜籽饼23份;
(3)虾苗放养:选择体色暗红或黑红色、有光泽、体表光滑无附着物,附肢齐全、无损伤,体格健壮、活动敏捷,体长为6cm的幼虾,放养前用4%食盐水清洗5min,然后投入池塘中,放养量为110kg/亩,且幼虾的雌雄比例控制为4:1;
(4)饲养:养殖开始一个月内,每日投喂两次饲料,每次按35kg/亩投喂;一个月后,每次按45kg/亩投喂;两个月后,增加饲料投喂量,投喂量为虾体重的5%;所述饲料由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米粉45份,虾壳粉14份,高粱粉18份,豆饼22份,麸皮8份,复合维生素4份,小麦粉10份,食盐10份,鱼粉14份,蚯蚓粉24份,螺丝肉10份,酒糟11份,光合细菌4份,牡丹皮4份,泽兰2.5份,银杏叶3份,党参3份,白芷5份。
(5)水质管理:控制池塘的水温为30℃,溶氧量为12mg/L,pH值为7.2,水体透明度保持在45cm以上,每天开启增氧机3小时,每周换掉池中1/3水,同时,每隔20天添、换新水一次,并用生石灰泼洒一次,泼洒量为8kg/亩,阴雨天气开启增氧机。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
(1)建塘:选择水源充足,排水方便的地方修建池塘,池深1.5m,利用石棉瓦加固池塘四周,并在塘边设置1m高的防逃网;
(2)消毒施肥:将建好的池塘暴晒5~7天,然后全塘泼洒生石灰放置3~5天;消毒后,往池中注水至水深0.9m,按350~420kg/亩施加肥料,施肥3~4天后在种植水草,水草覆盖面积占池塘面积40~46%;
(3)虾苗放养:将选育好的幼虾在放养前用4%食盐水清洗5min,然后投入池塘中,放养量为90~110kg/亩,同时控制好幼虾的雌雄比例;
(4)饲养:养殖开始一个月内,每日投喂两次饲料,每次按25~35kg/亩投喂;一个月后,每次按35~45kg/亩投喂;两个月后,增加饲料投喂量,投喂量为虾体重的4~5%;
(5)水质管理:控制池塘的水温、溶氧量和pH值,水体透明度保持在45cm以上,每天开启增氧机3小时,每周换掉池中1/3水,同时,每隔15~20天添、换新水一次,并用生石灰泼洒一次,泼洒量为6~8kg/亩,阴雨天气开启增氧机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于所述肥料由以下重量份的原料混合组成:鸡粪60~75份,猪粪65~80份,棉饼25~30份,松木木屑33~35份,板栗壳28~35份,白云石粉3~6份,橘叶粉17~20份,马铃薯渣19~22份,三色堇8~10份,菜籽饼20~23份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于所述水草为芦苇、伊乐藻或水花生中一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于所述幼虾选择体色暗红或黑红色、有光泽、体表光滑无附着物,附肢齐全、无损伤,体格健壮、活动敏捷,体长为4~6cm的虾苗;且投放时雌雄比例控制为3~4:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于所述饲料由以下重量份的原料组成:玉米粉38~45份,虾壳粉11~14份,高粱粉10~18份,豆饼18~22份,麸皮4~8份,复合维生素2~4份,小麦粉6~10份,食盐8~10份,鱼粉12~14份,蚯蚓粉20~24份,螺丝肉6~10份,酒糟8~11份,光合细菌2~4份,牡丹皮2~4份,泽兰1.5~2.5份,银杏叶1~3份,党参1~3份,白芷3~5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种龙虾养殖方法,其特征在于所述池塘的水温控制为24~30℃,溶氧量控制为10~12mg/L,pH值控制为6.8~7.2。
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