CN109956876A - 有机化合物及使用其的有机电激发光元件 - Google Patents

有机化合物及使用其的有机电激发光元件 Download PDF

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CN109956876A
CN109956876A CN201811172740.8A CN201811172740A CN109956876A CN 109956876 A CN109956876 A CN 109956876A CN 201811172740 A CN201811172740 A CN 201811172740A CN 109956876 A CN109956876 A CN 109956876A
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CN109956876B (zh
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颜丰文
邓进铭
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JIGUANG TECHNOLOGY Corp
Luminescence Technology Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了可在有机电激发光元件中用作发光层的磷光主体材料、荧光主体材料、或荧光掺杂材料、及/或电子传输材料的有机化合物。采用该有机化合物的有机电激发光元件可以降低驱动电压、延长半衰期、及提高电流效率。

Description

有机化合物及使用其的有机电激发光元件
技术领域
本发明是关于一种新颖的有机化合物,更具体言之是关于一种使用该有机化合物的有机电激发光元件。
背景技术
有机电激发光(有机EL)元件是一种有机发光二极管(OLED),其中发光层是由有机化合物制成的膜,有机化合物可响应电流而发光。包含有机化合物的发光层被夹置于两个电极之间。有机EL元件由于其高照度、重量轻、超薄外形、自照明而无需背光、低功耗、广视角、高对比、制造方法简单以及反应时间快速而被应用于平板显示器。
典型上,有机EL元件是由位于两个电极之间的有机材料层构成。有机材料层包括例如电洞注入层(HIL)、电洞传输层(HTL)、发光层(EML)、电子传输层(ETL)、及电子注入层(EIL)。有机电激发光的基本原理涉及载子(carrier)的注入、传输、及复合以及激子(exciton)的形成,以进行发光。当施加外部电压到有机EL元件时,电子和电洞分别从阴极和阳极注入。电子从阴极注入LUMO(最低未占用分子轨域)中,而电洞从阳极注入HOMO(最高占用分子轨域)中。随后,电子在发光层中与电洞重组而形成激子,然后激子失活而发光。当发光分子吸收能量而达到激发态时,依据电子和电洞的自旋组合,激子可呈单重态或三重态。众所周知,在电激发下形成的激子通常包括25%的单重态激子和75%的三重态激子。然而,在荧光材料中,75%的三重态激子中的电生成能量将作为热量消散,因为从三重态衰减是自旋禁阻(spin forbidden)的。因此,荧光电激发光元件仅具有25%的内部量子效率(internal quantum efficiency),导致理论上最高的外部量子效率(EQE)仅有5%,因为元件的光输出耦合效率只有约20%。相较于荧光电激发光元件,磷光有机EL元件利用自旋─轨域相互作用(spin-orbit interacttion)来促进单重态与三重态之间的系统间穿越(intersystem crossing),因此来自单重态和三重态的发光皆可取得,而且电激发光元件的内部量子效率可自25%升至100%。
对于使用有机EL元件的全彩平板显示器来说,有机EL元件中使用的有机材料在半衰期、功耗、亮度及效率方面仍然无法令人满意。除了以上所述之外,AMOLED的深蓝光发射(CIE y坐标小于0.15)也需要改进。
发明内容
因此,本发明一个目的是提供一种新颖的有机化合物及使用该有机化合物的有机EL元件,该有机EL元件可以表现出更高的亮度和电流效率、更长的半衰期、及改进的深蓝光发射。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种新颖的有机化合物及使用该有机化合物的有机EL元件,该有机EL元件能够在降低的电压下操作并且表现出更高的电流效率和更长的半衰期。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种新颖的有机化合物及使用该有机化合物的有机EL元件,该有机EL元件可以表现出更高的亮度和电流效率及更长的半衰期。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种有机化合物,该有机化合物可在有机EL元件中用作发光层的磷光主体材料、荧光主体材料、或荧光掺杂材料、及/或电子传输材料,以改善功耗、亮度、电流效率、元件光色、或寿命。
根据本发明,提供一种可用于有机EL元件的有机化合物。该有机化合物由下式(I)表示:
其中m为0至11的整数;n为0至3的整数;X为O、S、C(R3)(R4)、N(Ar3)、或Si(R5)(R6);Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为氢原子、卤素、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、或具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基;以及R1至R6独立选自由氢原子、卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组。
其中可以理解的是,本发明所述环原子是指饱和或不饱和的碳环结构上构成环的原子。
其中可以理解的是,本发明的m为0至11的整数,表示取代基R1可以在式(I)的多个环结构上进行取代,即,如下式(II)所示:
其中R1至R6、Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、和X定义如上所述,p和q各自独立的选自0至4的整数,t为0至3的整数。
其中可以理解的是,本发明所述的杂芳胺基,是指该取代基结构中具有至少一个氨结构,且该氨结构中的至少一个H原子被杂芳基取代,譬如示例性的可以是如下取代基:
可以理解的是,本发明所述的芳胺基,是指该取代基结构中具有至少一个氨结构,且该氨结构中的至少一个H原子被芳基取代,譬如示例性的可以是如下取代基:
本发明进一步提供一种有机电激发光元件。该有机电激发光元件包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在该电极对之间的发光层及一个或多个有机薄膜层。该发光层和该有机薄膜层中的至少一个包含式(I)的有机化合物。
附图说明
图1为本发明的有机EL元件的一个实施例。在该元件中,电洞注入层7沉积在透明电极6上,电洞传输层8沉积在电洞注入层7上,荧光或磷光发光层9沉积在电洞传输层8上,电子传输层10沉积在发光层9上,电子注入层11沉积在电子传输层10上,以及金属电极12沉积在电子注入层11上。
具体实施方式
本发明探究有机化合物及使用该有机化合物的有机电激发光元件。下面将详细说明生产、结构及组成部分,以使本发明可被充分理解。本发明的应用显然不受限于本领域技术人员熟知的具体细节。另一方面,不对众所周知的一般组成部分和过程作详细描述,以避免对本发明造成不必要的限制。现在将在下面更详细地描述本发明的一些优选实施例。然而,应当理解的是,除了本文明确描述的实施例之外,本发明还可实施于各种其他实施例中,也就是说,本发明还可被广泛应用于其他实施例,且本发明的范围不会因此受到明确的限制。
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供了可以在有机EL元件中用作发光层的磷光主体材料、荧光主体材料、或荧光掺杂材料、及/或电子传输材料的有机化合物。该有机化合物由下式(I)表示:
其中m为0至11的整数;n为0至3的整数;X为O、S、C(R3)(R4)、N(Ar3)、或Si(R5)(R6);Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为氢原子、卤素、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、或具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基;以及R1至R6独立选自由氢原子、卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3独立选自由经取代或未经取代的苯基、经取代或未经取代的联苯基、经取代或未经取代的芴基、经取代或未经取代的苯并芴基、经取代或未经取代的萘基、经取代或未经取代的蒽基、经取代或未经取代的菲基、经取代或未经取代的芘基、经取代或未经取代的屈基(chrysenyl group)、经取代或未经取代的三亚苯基(triphenylenyl group)、经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、经取代或未经取代的苯并咪唑基、经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并噻吩基、经取代或未经取代的二苯基氧化膦基(diphenylphosphine oxide group)、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的吩噻嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吩恶嗪基、以及经取代或未经取代的二氢吩嗪基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、或Ar3表示以下取代基中之一的取代基:
优选地,该有机化合物为以下化合物中的一个:
在一些实施例中,Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为具有1至20个碳原子的经取代或未经取代的烷基。
在一些实施例中,Ar1选自H、F、Cl、Br、具有4至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有10至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、具有10至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳基、以及具有3至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,Ar1选自H、Br、具有6至16个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有12至18个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、具有14至16个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳基、以及具有3至18个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的芳胺基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基)、具有1至20个碳原子的烷基芳基、具有10至20个环碳原子的杂芳基、具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的芳胺基被取代时,当取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基芳基时,所述烷基芳基为被1、2、3、4或5个烷基取代基所取代的具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基;其中所述烷基为具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;其中优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合;其中优选所述具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基为苯基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的芳胺基被取代时,当取代基选自具有10至20个环碳原子的杂芳基时,所述杂芳基选自二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、或咔唑基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的芳胺基被取代时,当取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基时,所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基(Chrysene)。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的杂芳胺基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)、具有1至20个碳原子的烷基芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的杂芳胺基被取代时,当取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基芳基时,所述烷基芳基为被1、2、3、4或5个烷基取代基所取代的具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基;其中所述烷基为具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;其中优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合;其中优选所述具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基为苯基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的芳基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar1的杂芳基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)、或6至20个环碳原子的芳基(优选所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基)。
在一些实施例中,Ar2选自H、具有4至16个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有10至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、具有10至20个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有3至20个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基和具有1至20个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,Ar2选自H、具有6至12个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有12至18个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、具有12至16个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有3至18个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基和具有1至5个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar2的芳胺基被取代时,所述取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、或叔丁基;或者所述取代基选自被1、2、3、4、5或6个烷基取代基所取代的具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基;其中所述烷基为具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;其中优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合;其中优选所述具有4-20个环碳原子的芳基为苯基;或者所述取代基选自具有10至20个环碳原子的杂芳基;其中优选为具有12至20个环碳原子的杂芳基;其中更优选为二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、或咔唑基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar2的杂芳胺基被取代时,所述取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基;其中优选所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar2的芳基被取代时,所述取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、或叔丁基;或者所述取代基选自具有10至20个环碳原子的杂芳基;优选为具有12至16个环碳原子的杂芳基;更优选为二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基或具有如下式(III)结构的取代基:
其中X1和X2各自独立的选自N、O或S;其中优选X1为N,X2为O或S;
或者所述取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基;其中优选为苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar2的杂芳基被取代时,所述取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基(优选所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基)。
在一些实施例中,Ar3选自H、具有6至20个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有10至30个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、或具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基。
在一些实施例中,Ar3选自H、具有6至12个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、具有18至24个环碳原子的经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、或具有6至16个环碳原子的芳基(其中优选为苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基)。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar3的芳胺基被取代时,取代基选自具有10至20个环碳原子的杂芳基;其中优选为具有12至20个环碳原子的杂芳基;其中更优选为二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、或咔唑基;或者所述取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基;其中优选为具有6至16个环碳原子的芳基;其中更优选为苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基。
在一些实施例中,当作为Ar3的杂芳胺基被取代时,取代基选自具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基;其中优选为6至12个环碳原子的芳基;其中更优选为苯基、联苯基、或萘基。在一些实施例中,R1选自H或具有1至20个碳原子的烷基;其中优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合。
在一些实施例中,R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、具有10至20个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、以及具有3至20个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,R2选自H、Br、具有14至16个环碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、以及具有3至18个环碳原子的取代或未取代的杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一些实施例中,当作为R2的芳基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)。
在一些实施例中,当作为R2的杂芳基被取代时,取代基选自具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为具有1至6个碳原子的烷基;更优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)、或6至20个环碳原子的芳基(优选所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基)。
在一些实施例中,R3至R6各自独立的选自H、具有1至20个碳原子的烷基(优选为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和叔丁基中的一种或多种的组合)或具有6至20个环碳原子的芳基(优选所述芳基选自苯基、联苯基、萘基、蒽基、芘基、菲基或屈基)。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,提供了一种有机电激发光元件。该有机电激发光元件包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在该电极对之间的发光层及一个或多个有机薄膜层。该发光层和该有机薄膜层中的至少一个包含式(I)的有机化合物。
在一些实施例中,包含式(I)的有机化合物的发光层为主体材料。该主体材料可以是磷光主体材料或荧光主体材料。在某些实施例中,包含式(I)的有机化合物的发光层被用作荧光掺杂材料。
在一些实施例中,包含式(I)的有机化合物的有机薄膜层为电子传输层。
在本发明的另一实施例中,该有机电激发光元件为发光面板。在本发明的其他实施例中,该有机电激发光元件为背光面板。
将通过以下的例示性实施例来清楚阐明本发明的有机化合物的详细制备,但本发明并不限于此等例示性实施例。实施例1至实施例10说明本发明的有机化合物的制备,而实施例11至实施例13说明有机EL元件的制造及测试报告。
实施例1
中间体A的合成
将3g(8.4mmol)10-溴苯并[g]屈(合成参考资料:US 20100327266)、2.5g(10.1mmol)4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二恶硼烷)、0.12g(0.1mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、1.0g(12.6mmol)乙酸钠、及60ml 1,4-二氧六环的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热6小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取有机层,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体A(2.8g,85%)。
中间体B的合成
将2g(5.0mmol)中间体A、1.7g(5.0mmol)5-溴-2-碘苯甲酸甲酯、0.06g(0.05mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、10ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体B(1.7g,68%)。
中间体C的合成
在氮气下,在干燥的THF中搅拌1.5g(3.1mmol)中间体B的同时,向其中缓慢滴加甲基溴化镁(6当量)。将混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。反应完成后,缓慢加入少量的蒸馏水,然后将混合物依序用乙酸乙酯萃取及用水洗涤。然后用无水MgSO4干燥有机层并除去溶剂,得到残余物。随后,将过量的磷酸溶剂(约10ml)加到残余物中,然后将其在室温下搅拌超过16小时。之后,缓慢加入蒸馏水(约50ml),然后搅拌1小时。将沉淀的固体过滤之后,用二氯甲烷溶剂萃取滤出的固体,然后用氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤。随后,取出二氯甲烷溶剂层,然后使用硫酸镁除去水分。最后,除去残余溶剂,得到中间体C(0.5g,34%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):474.1。
中间体D的合成
将2g(5.0mmol)中间体A、1.4g(5.0mmol)2,5-二溴硝基苯、0.06g(0.05mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、10ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体D(0.8g,35%)。
中间体E的合成
将1g(2.1mmol)中间体D、5.5g(21.0mmol)三苯基膦、及30ml oDCB(邻二氯苯)的混合物置于氮气下,然后在180℃下加热8小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。将混合物倒入水中,然后过滤,得到中间体E(0.5g,50%)。
中间体F的合成
将2.0g(4.5mmol)中间体E、1.1g(6.7mmol)溴苯、0.05g(0.2mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.1g(0.4mmol)三叔丁基鏻四氟硼酸盐、0.9g(9.0mmol)叔丁醇钠、及50ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在120℃下加热16小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体F(1.3g,55%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):523.5。
中间体G的合成
将2g(4.2mmol)中间体C、1.4g(5.5mmol)4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二恶硼烷)、0.24g(0.2mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、0.8g(8.4mmol)乙酸钠、及60ml 1,4-二氧六环的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热6小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取有机层,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体G(1.7g,80%)。
化合物C2的合成
将2.0g(4.2mmol)中间体C、1.2g(5.5mmol)双(3,4-二甲基苯基)胺、0.05g(0.2mmol)Pd(OAc)2、0.1g(0.4mmol)三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐、0.9g(9.0mmol)叔丁醇钠、及60ml邻二甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在150℃下加热8小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到化合物C2(1.9g,75%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):618.5。
实施例2
化合物C15的合成
将3g(6.3mmol)中间体C、2.1g(9.4mmol)蒽-9-基硼酸、0.07g(0.06mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、13ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、30ml EtOH、及90ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温,然后过滤,得到化合物C15(3.1g,88%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):571.5。
实施例3
化合物C29的合成
将1g(1.9mmol)中间体G、1.1g(4.4mmol)2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、0.01g(0.01mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、4ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到化合物C29(0.6g,53%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):626.5。
实施例4
化合物C37的合成
将1g(1.9mmol)中间体G、1.0g(4.4mmol)2-氯-1,10-啡啉、0.01g(0.01mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、4ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到化合物C37(0.7g,68%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):573.6。
实施例5
化合物C23的合成
将1g(1.9mmol)中间体F、1.1g(2.9mmol)9-苯基-3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二恶硼烷-2-基)-9H-咔唑、0.11g(0.06mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、3.8ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、20ml EtOH、及60ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温,然后过滤,得到化合物C23(1.1g,82%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):685.8。
实施例6
中间体H的合成
将10g(43.9mmol)5-甲氧基联苯-2-基硼酸、12.4g(43.9mmol)1,4-二溴萘、0.5g(0.44mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、87.8ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、100ml EtOH、及300ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温,然后过滤,得到中间体H(12.6g,74%)。
中间体I的合成
将10g(25.7mmol)中间体H、0.07g(0.25mmol)碘、及1000ml苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在UV光下暴露4小时。反应完成后除去溶剂,然后将残余物再结晶3次,得到中间体I(2.3g,23%)。
中间体J的合成
将2g(5.2mmol)中间体I、1.4g(5.5mmol)4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二恶硼烷)、0.30g(0.2mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、0.6g(7.8mmol)乙酸钠、及50ml 1,4-二氧六环的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热6小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取有机层,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体J(1.7g,65%)。
中间体K的合成
将1g(2.3mmol)中间体J、0.6g(2.3mmol)2-碘苯甲酸甲酯、0.05g(0.05mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、1.2ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温,然后过滤,得到中间体K(1.0g,80%)。
中间体L的合成
在氮气下,在干燥的THF中搅拌1.5g(3.4mmol)中间体K的同时,向其中缓慢滴加甲基溴化镁(6当量)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应完成后,缓慢加入少量的蒸馏水,然后将混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取及用水洗涤。用无水MgSO4干燥有机层,然后移除溶剂以得到残余物。随后,将过量的磷酸溶剂(约10ml)加到残余物中,然后将其在室温下搅拌超过16小时。之后,缓慢加入蒸馏水(约50ml),然后搅拌1小时。将沉淀的固体过滤之后,用二氯甲烷溶剂萃取滤出的固体,然后用氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤。随后,取出二氯甲烷溶剂层,然后使用硫酸镁除去水分。最后,除去残余溶剂,得到中间体L(0.4g,30%)。
化合物C87的合成
将1.0g(2.3mmol)中间体L、1.2g(5.2mmol)双(3,4-二甲基苯基)胺、0.21g(0.23mmol)Pd2(dba)3、0.5g(4.6mmol)叔丁醇钾、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在110℃下加热16小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用二氯甲烷和水萃取有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到化合物C87(1.0g,72%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):618.3。
实施例7
中间体M的合成
在氮气下将1g(1.9mmol)中间体L和二氯甲烷(30ml)的混合物放入反应器中。向其中加入三溴化硼(1当量),然后搅拌2小时,直到反应结束。用二氯甲烷和水萃取反应混合物,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。将溶剂移除得到中间体M(0.63g,产率=88%)。
中间体N的合成
将1g(2.4mmol)中间体M、0.7g(2.8mmol)4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-双(1,3,2-二恶硼烷)、0.12g(0.1mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、0.3g(3.6mmol)乙酸钠、及30ml 1,4-二氧六环的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热6小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。随后,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取有机层,然后用无水硫酸镁干燥。将溶剂移除之后,通过硅胶柱层析纯化残余物,得到中间体N(1.0g,65%)。
化合物C88的合成
将1g(1.9mmol)中间体N、0.6g(1.2mmol)1-溴芘、0.11g(0.09mmol)Pd(PPh3)4、1.0ml 2M Na2CO3水溶液、10ml EtOH、及30ml甲苯的混合物除气并置于氮气下,然后在100℃下加热12小时。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温,然后过滤得到化合物C88(1.0g,88%)。MS(m/z,FAB+):595.2。
实施例8
中间体O的合成
使用与中间体H的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用10g的5-溴苯并[d]萘并[2,1-b]呋喃取代1,4-二溴萘,得到期望的中间体O(11.6g,66%)。
中间体P的合成
使用与中间体I的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用111.6g的中间体O取代中间体H,得到期望的中间体P(3.2g,28%)。
中间体Q的合成
使用与中间体M的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用10g的中间体P取代中间体L,得到期望的中间体Q(8.5g,88%)。
中间体R的合成
使用与中间体N的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用8.5g的中间体Q取代中间体M,得到期望的中间体R(7.3g,65%)。
化合物C89的合成
使用与化合物C88的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用2g的中间体R取代中间体N,并使用2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪取代1-溴芘,得到期望的化合物C89(0.7g,60%)。
实施例9
中间体S的合成
使用与中间体H的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用10g的5-溴苯并[d]萘并[2,1-b]噻吩取代1,4-二溴萘,得到期望的中间体S(10.0g,55%)。
中间体T的合成
使用与中间体I的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用10.0g的中间体S取代中间体H,得到期望的中间体T(3.2g,32%)。
中间体U的合成
使用与中间体M的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用3.2g的中间体T取代中间体L,得到期望的中间体U(2.5g,80%)。
中间体V的合成
使用与中间体N的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用3.2g的中间体U取代中间体M,得到期望的中间体V(2.9g,75%)。
化合物C90的合成
使用与化合物C88的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用2g的中间体V取代中间体N,并使用1.3g的10-(4-溴苯基)-10H-吩恶嗪取代1-溴芘,得到期望的化合物C90(1.9g,76%)。
实施例10
中间体W的合成
使用与中间体H的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用10g的5-氯-7,7-二甲基-7H-苯并[d]萘并[2,1-b]噻咯取代1,4-二溴萘,得到期望的中间体W(12.0g,62%)。
中间体X的合成
使用与中间体I的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用12.0g的中间体W取代中间体H,得到期望的中间体X(2.5g,21%)。
中间体Y的合成
使用与中间体M的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用2.5g的中间体X取代中间体L,得到期望的中间体Y(1.5g,64%)。
中间体Z的合成
使用与中间体N的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用1.5g的中间体Y取代中间体M,得到期望的中间体Z(1.3g,69%)。
化合物C91的合成
使用与化合物C88的合成中相同的合成过程,不同之处仅在于使用1.3g的中间体Z取代中间体N,并使用0.7g的3-溴-9-苯基-9H-咔唑取代1-溴芘,得到期望的化合物C91(1.3g,产率=85%)。
生产有机电激发光元件的一般方法
提供阻值为12欧姆/平方(ohm/square)及厚度为120nm的铟锡氧化物涂层玻璃(以下称为ITO基板),并在超声波浴(例如洗涤剂、去离子水)中进行多步骤清洗。在气相沉积有机层之前,通过紫外光(UV)和臭氧进一步处理清洗过的ITO基板。ITO基板的所有预处理过程皆在洁净室(100级)内进行。
在高真空设备下(10-7Torr)利用电阻加热的石英舟以气相沉积将这些有机层依序涂布到ITO基板上。借助石英晶体监视器来精确监控或设定各层的厚度和气相沉积速率(0.1~0.3nm/sec)。如上所述,还可以使个别层包含不只一种化合物,即通常掺杂有掺杂材料的主体材料。此可通过来自两个或多个来源的共气相沉积成功地实现,表示本发明的有机化合物是热稳定的。
使用二吡嗪并[2,3-f:2',3'-h]喹喔啉-2,3,6,7,10,11-六腈(dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile)(HAT-CN)形成电洞注入层,并使用N,N-双(萘-1-基)-N,N-双(苯基)-联苯胺(NPB)形成有机EL元件的电洞传输层。使用2,9-双(萘-2-基)-4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉(NPhen)作为有机EL元件的电子传输材料,因其相对于BPhen或BCP具有更高的热稳定性和更长的寿命。对于荧光发光元件,使用1,1'-(9,9-二甲基-9H-芴-2,7-二基)二芘(DFDP)作为主体材料,并使用(E)-6-(4-(二苯基胺基)苯乙烯基)-N,N-二苯基萘-2-胺(D1)作为荧光掺杂剂。对于磷光发光元件,使用双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉)-4-(苯基苯酚)铝(BAlq)作为发光层的主体材料,并使用三(1-苯基异喹啉)铱(III)(Ir(piq)3)或三(2-苯基喹啉)铱(III)(Ir(2-phq)3)作为掺杂材料。使用化合物C15、C17、C53、C86、及C88作为荧光主体材料来与DFDP比较。使用中间体C、C2、C5、C6、C7、C56、C79、C87、及C90作为荧光掺杂材料来与D1比较。使用化合物C29、C37、C42、C70、及C89作为电子传输材料来与NPhen比较。使用化合物C23、C29及C91作为磷光主体材料来与BAlq比较。本发明中用于制作对照和例示性有机EL元件的传统OLED材料和本发明的例示性有机化合物的化学结构如下所示:
有机EL元件一般包含通过热蒸发形成为阴极的低功函数金属,例如Al、Mg、Ca、Li及K,且该低功函数金属可有助于电子从阴极注入电子传输层。另外,在阴极与电子传输层之间引入薄膜电子注入层,用于降低电子注入屏障并改善有机EL元件的性能。熟知的电子注入层材料为具有低功函数的金属卤化物或金属氧化物,例如:LiF、MgO、或Li2O。
另一方面,在制作有机EL元件之后,通过使用PR650光谱扫描光谱仪测量EL光谱及CIE座标。此外,使用吉时利(Keithley)2400可程序化电压电流源测得电流/电压、亮度/电压、及效率/电压特性。在室温(约25℃)及大气压下操作上述设备。
实施例11
使用与上述一般方法类似的过程制作发射蓝色荧光并具有以下如图1所示元件结构的有机EL元件:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(50nm)/蓝色荧光主体(DFDP、C15、C17、C53、C86、或C88)+5%掺杂剂(D1、中间体C、C2、C5、C6、C7、C56、C79、C87、或C90)(30nm)/NPhen(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(160nm)。将这些发射蓝色荧光的有机EL元件的I-V-B和半衰期测试报告总结于下表1,并将半衰期定义为3000cd/m2的初始亮度降低一半的时间。
表1
根据上述有机EL元件的测试报告总结,显而易见的是,用作蓝色荧光主体或掺杂材料的式(I)有机化合物表现出比现有技术的材料更佳的性能。具体来说,本发明使用式(I)的有机化合物作为掺杂材料或主体材料来与主体材料DFDP或掺杂材料D1搭配的有机EL元件在相同电压下具有更高的亮度和电流效率、更长的半衰期、以及改进的深蓝光发射。
实施例12
使用与上述一般方法类似的过程制作具有以下如图1所示元件结构的有机EL元件:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(50nm)/DFDP+5%D1(30nm)/NPhen或C29、C37、C42、C70、或C89(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(160nm)。将这些发射蓝色荧光的有机EL元件的I-V-B和半衰期测试报告总结于下表2,并将半衰期定义为3000cd/m2的初始亮度降低一半的时间。
表2
根据上述有机EL元件的测试报告总结,显而易见的是,用作电子传输材料的式(I)有机化合物表现出比现有技术的材料NPhen更佳的性能。具体来说,本发明的有机EL元件使用式(I)的有机化合物作为电子传输材料来与主体材料DFDP和掺杂材料D1搭配可具有更低的功耗、更高的电流效率、及更长的半衰期。
实施例13
使用与上述一般方法类似的过程制作发射磷光并具有以下如图1所示元件结构的有机EL元件:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/NPB(50nm)/磷光主体(C29、C23、或C91)+10%掺杂剂(30nm)/NPhen(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(160nm)。将这些发射磷光的有机EL元件的I-V-B和半衰期测试报告总结于下表3,并将半衰期定义为3000cd/m2的初始亮度降低一半的时间。
表3
根据上述有机EL元件的测试报告总结,显而易见的是,用作磷光主体材料的式(I)有机化合物表现出比现有技术的材料BAlq更佳的性能。具体来说,本发明的有机EL元件使用式(I)的有机化合物作为磷光主体材料来与掺杂材料Ir(piq)3或Ir(2-phq)3搭配在相同电压下可具有更高的亮度和电流效率及更长的半衰期。
总而言之,本发明提供的有机化合物,该有机化合物可在有机EL元件中用作发光层的磷光主体材料、荧光主体材料、或荧光掺杂材料、或电子传输材料。所述的有机化合物由下式(I)表示:
其中m为0至11的整数;n为0至3的整数;X为O、S、C(R3)(R4)、N(Ar3)、或Si(R5)(R6);Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为氢原子、卤素、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、或具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基;以及R1至R6独立选自由氢原子、卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组。
根据上述教导显然可以作出许多的修改及变化。因此,应当了解的是,在本发明的范围内,可以以本文具体描述的方式以外的其他方式来实施本发明。虽然,本文中已说明并描述了具体实施例,但对于本领域技术人员来说,显而易见的是可以在不偏离欲单独由本发明范围限制的情况下对本发明作出许多修改。

Claims (11)

1.一种以下式(I)的有机化合物:
其中m为0至11的整数;n为0至3的整数;X为O、S、C(R3)(R4)、N(Ar3)、或Si(R5)(R6);Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为氢原子、卤素、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳胺基、具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、或具有5至50个环原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基;以及R1至R6独立选自由氢原子、卤素、具有1至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代烷基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳基、具有6至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代芳烷基、及具有3至30个碳原子的经取代或未经取代杂芳基所组成的群组。
2.如权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其中Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3独立选自由经取代或未经取代的苯基、经取代或未经取代的联苯基、经取代或未经取代的芴基、经取代或未经取代的苯并芴基、经取代或未经取代的萘基、经取代或未经取代的蒽基、经取代或未经取代的菲基、经取代或未经取代的芘基、经取代或未经取代的屈基、经取代或未经取代的三亚苯基、经取代或未经取代的芳胺基、经取代或未经取代的杂芳胺基、经取代或未经取代的苯并咪唑基、经取代或未经取代的咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的双咔唑基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并呋喃基、经取代或未经取代的二苯并噻吩基、经取代或未经取代的二苯基氧化膦基、经取代或未经取代的三嗪基、经取代或未经取代的二嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吡啶基、经取代或未经取代的啡啉基、经取代或未经取代的二氢吖啶基、经取代或未经取代的吩噻嗪基、经取代或未经取代的吩恶嗪基、以及经取代或未经取代的二氢吩嗪基所组成的群组。
3.如权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其中Ar1、Ar2、或Ar3表示以下取代基中之一的取代基:
4.如权利要求1所述的有机化合物,其中该有机化合物为以下化合物中之一的化合物:
5.如权利要求1~4任意一项所述的有机化合物,其中Ar1、Ar2、及Ar3各自独立为具有1至20个碳原子的经取代或未经取代的烷基。
6.一种有机电激发光元件,包含由阴极和阳极组成的电极对、及在该电极对之间的发光层及一个或多个有机薄膜层,其中该发光层和该有机薄膜层中的至少一个包含如权利要求1所述的有机化合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的有机电激发光元件,其中包含式(I)的有机化合物的发光层为一主体材料。
8.如权利要求6所述的有机电激发光元件,其中包含式(I)的有机化合物的发光层为一荧光掺杂材料。
9.如权利要求6所述的有机电激发光元件,其中包含式(I)的有机化合物的有机薄膜层为电子传输层。
10.如权利要求6所述的有机电激发光元件,其中该有机电激发光元件为发光面板。
11.如权利要求6所述的有机电激发光元件,其中该有机电激发光元件为背光面板。
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