CN109892181A - A method of guidance banana low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting - Google Patents
A method of guidance banana low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting Download PDFInfo
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- CN109892181A CN109892181A CN201910207078.3A CN201910207078A CN109892181A CN 109892181 A CN109892181 A CN 109892181A CN 201910207078 A CN201910207078 A CN 201910207078A CN 109892181 A CN109892181 A CN 109892181A
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- flower bud
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Abstract
The invention belongs to banana technical field of cultivation, it is related to a kind of method that guidance banana low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting, its operating method is as follows: according to the breeding time of banana variety and morphological development characteristic, it is colonized or stay the banana plant for inhaling bud through growth 5 months to 8 months, true stem bud flower bud bud is selected to reach any of several broadleaf plants strain of specific stage of development, the false stem side of 130 centimetre of -160 centimeters opens one and leads flower bud oral cavity from the ground above its true stem top flower bud bud, and flower bud plate, the accent glutinous envelope of sealed membrane are led in intracavitary one piece of installation.When flower bud bud extract out accent after, flower bud bud front end is not cut off by the hyperplastic tissue of the true leaf cut off in atrium, and any of several broadleaf plants strain back to the edge-on anti-stake of accent and accent upper and lower side respectively with bandage any of several broadleaf plants strain and staking out tie.This technology can realize banana low level pumping flower bud and orientation fruiting, and reaching reduces farming operations labor intensity and difficulty that banana takes out flower bud period correlation maintenance technology, the harvesting that promotion labor efficiency and productivity effect, especially pole are conducive to any of several broadleaf plants fruit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to banana planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of guidance banana low level orientation takes out the side of flower bud fruiting
Method.
Technical background
Banana regards as the fourth-largest grain by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation).The country for cultivating banana in the world has more than 130, master
It is distributed in the tropical and subtropical region within 30 ° of north and south latitude.Banana is also adapted for the important of tropical and south subtropics plantation
Tropical fruit (tree), China's banana production account for the 60% of tropical fruit (tree) total output, and banana planting area is up to more than 40 ten thousand hectares, year production
More than 1,200 ten thousand tons of total amount, more than 1,300 ten thousand tons of long-term consumption figure.Banana planting high financial profit, it has also become China Guangdong, Guangxi, sea
The agriculture mainstay industry of the provinces and regions such as south, Yunnan and Fujian, plays an important role in hot-zone economy and rural society development.
Banana plant stalk meat and often up to 2 meters -4 meters, Root Distribution is shallower, fruit ear basidixed and weight is up to tens of
Kilogram.These biological characteristics of banana cause to need reply following problems in its production process: first is that, a high position takes out the banana of flower bud, face
Face the risk that the bring underproduction is even had no harvest due to the lodging of the initiations such as center of gravity height, windburn fractures.It is often needed in China's banana production
The preventive technical measures such as drawstring, staking out, built are taken, this not only increases cost input, but also increases farming labour work, and Chang Buli
Farming operations, especially obstruction do mechanization operation.Second is that pad smear flower, spray bagging and losslessization harvest etc. technologies in China
It gets more and more attention in banana production and constantly promotes and use, can increase banana production using these technologies and improve fruit product
Matter promotes fruit commodity and the market competitiveness to improve the economic benefit of production, but the excessively high pumping flower bud position of banana and with
The fruiting direction of machine, restricts the application of these technologies, e.g., increases operation labour difficulty and the intensity in these technical applications,
Increase production cost and reduces labor efficiency.
So far, cope with the art methods of the above problem: one, the short bar banana variety of breeding, this is to reduce banana to take out flower bud
The effective method and approach of height, but existing for limitation in view of the excellent short resources scarcity of banana and banana selection
Limitation, in the banana variety of incubation, the excellent variety for obtaining dwarfing is very few, in addition, banana short-stalked variety often shows
Decline fruit output because biological yield reduces, is not easy to realize and has both excellent comprehensive performance and meet production requirement.Second is that logical
It crosses in cultivation and the short bar of growth regulator control realization is sprayed to any of several broadleaf plants strain, this is also the effective skill for reducing banana and taking out flower bud height
Art method, but its equally exist dwarfing cause biological yield reduce but fruit output decline problem, and technical operation require compared with
Excessively the counter productives such as excessive dwarfing are brought there is out of control or control of failing due to misoperation, in addition, being also faced in height
The remaining food safety of medicament and environmental issue.Third is that current pad is the main still people of operation for smearing the technologies such as flower, bagging binding
Work operation is carried out by climbing ladder, this not only large labor intensity, working efficiency is low, and there is also what is fallen from the ladder
Risk.Fourth is that although there are the technologies such as the bagging device of do mechanization operation, spraying machine and mechanical harvesting, banana fruiting
Position is excessively high and direction stochastic behaviour exists there will naturally be the unfavorable restriction of technology, e.g., increase equipment design complexity and
The cost of manufacture, the ease-to-operate and high efficiency for reducing equipment process.
Summary of the invention
Existing insufficient in view of the above technology, the present invention provides a kind of method that guidance banana low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
According to the breeding time of banana variety and morphological development characteristic, true stem flower bud bud development is selected to be elongated to any of several broadleaf plants of suitable height
Strain, with false stem side of the hand electric aperture utensil above any of several broadleaf plants strain from the ground 130 centimetres of true stem front end flower bud buds to 160 centimeters
Face opens one and leads flower bud oral cavity, then installs one piece in flower bud oral cavity and leads flower bud plate leading, and leads flower bud oral cavity mouthful with sealed membrane seal.Flower bud bud
After leading flower bud oral cavity mouthful extraction, the increased leaf tissue of true leaf in time flower bud bud front end being failed to cut off in atrium is prescinded,
Finally, leading erecting lodging-prevention back to side and fractureing upright bar for flower bud oral cavity mouthful in any of several broadleaf plants strain, and respectively away from 25 lis of upper end for leading flower bud oral cavity mouthful
- 30 centimetres of rice and 10 centimetre -15 of lower end centimeters tie any of several broadleaf plants strain and upright bar with bandage.
The above method the following steps are included:
S1. it leads the excavation period in flower bud oral cavity: according to the breeding time of different banana varieties and morphological development characteristic, being colonized or stay
Bud banana plant is inhaled through growing 5 months to 8 months, and the flower bud bud of true stem top is long to 120 centimetres -140 centimetres from the ground in any of several broadleaf plants strain
When, any of several broadleaf plants strain development period at this time is adapted for lead the period of flower bud oral cavity excavation.
S2. the position height and accent direction in flower bud oral cavity are led: leading flower bud oral cavity and is located at 130 centimetres to 160 lis from the ground of any of several broadleaf plants strain
The false stem side of true stem front end flower bud bud top at rice, the direction of accent are to make the mutual phase of accent of adjacent rows any of several broadleaf plants strain two-by-two
To.
S3. the cavity geometry in flower bud oral cavity is led: by position height and direction described in S2, with hand electric aperture utensil in S1
One is dug on the false stem of any of several broadleaf plants strain and leads flower bud oral cavity in lower flat upper tiltedly fan-shaped vertical bar shape: leading flower bud oral cavity mouthful in vertical rectangular
Shape, upper and lower hem width degree account for the one third of respective position vacation stem diameter to 2/5ths, 20 centimetre -25 of vertical long side height
Centimetre, the oblique depth of flower bud oral cavity lower horizontal depth and top is led as deep as crossing 1 centimetre to 2 centimetres of the heart of plant vacation caulom, is led
Width at the top and bottom of the inner end of flower bud oral cavity is respectively 2 centimetres -3 centimetres, 10 centimetres -15 centimetres of height.
S4. lead in flower bud oral cavity installation and lead flower bud plate: lead installed in flower bud oral cavity one piece fall it is long it is trapezoidal lead flower bud plate, narrow side end is inserted
In leading inside at the inner end bottom edge of flower bud oral cavity, broadside end be then inserted into lead flower bud oral cavity mouthful upper end inner edge false cauline leaf it is intrathecal, make to lead flower bud
Plate is in nature arc-shaped bend, and consolidates and be installed in oral cavity, it is ensured that is able to guide flower bud bud and extracts out and avoid guidance to take out flower bud mistake from accent
The abjection of flower bud plate is led in journey and causes to lead flower bud failure.
S5. lead flower bud oral cavity mouthful bonding protective film: lead the installation of flower bud plate it is intact after, lead flower bud oral cavity with transparent sealing gluing envelope
Mouthful, avoid insect climb into it is intracavitary harm and be conducive to true stem end become bendingof light growth.
S6. the ancillary measure behind flower bud oral cavity mouthful is led in the extraction of any of several broadleaf plants flower bud: first after true stem elongation pushes the extraction of flower bud bud to lead flower bud oral cavity mouthful
First, the increased leaf tissue of true leaf in time flower bud bud front end being failed to cut off in atrium prescinds, in order to avoid influence the growth of flower bud bud
Development.Secondly, leading erecting lodging-prevention back to side and fractureing upright bar for flower bud oral cavity mouthful in any of several broadleaf plants strain, and respectively away from the upper end for leading flower bud oral cavity mouthful
25 centimetres -30 centimetres tie any of several broadleaf plants strain and upright bar with bandage with 10 centimetre -15 of lower end centimeters.In addition, combining the routine of cultivation
Technology smear and the fruit ears such as pad handle, spray bagging is spent to manage and protect and harvest.
Technical principle of the invention is as follows:
Banana is perennial large-scale draft fruit tree, belongs to shallow root bulb monocotyledon.Banana bulb is located underground, thereon
Can root of hair, come into leaves and sprout inhale bud.Banana plant during nutrient growth, the separate living tissue of subterranean stem apical growing point, energy
Constantly differentiation, formation phyllopodium and pumping blade, banana plant are exactly to be formed by the close obvolvent of leaf sheath of pumping leaf, are in cylinder
Shape, such stalk claim false stem.Into the banana plant of reproductive stage, the growing point of underground shoot apical meristem is by seeking
Health length switchs to reproductive growth, is differentiated to form bud flower bud bud, this period is that the fruit comb number of fruit ear and fruit index form the critical period,
True stem is grown rapidly upward later, be born in true stem top, the flower bud bud in Rapid development along false caulom center is pushed into false stem
Top, flower bud bud, which exposes, to be known as taking out flower bud at the top of plant.Flower bud bud after taking out flower bud is in gravity and to being bent sagging and hang under the effect of ground habit
Fruit, further development grows up to the fruit ear of banana.We take out the growing characters of flower bud and by mankind's caesarean birth technology according to banana naturally
Inspiration, experimental study discovery: pass through flower bud bud formation after the banana plant for reaching the specific stage of development false stem side
It opens that a liftoff position is lower and have a specific direction leads flower bud oral cavity, and is coupled and leads flower bud plate, can be changed in growth and development
The pumping flower bud path of banana flower bud bud, guidance flower bud bud takes out flower bud from the flower bud oral cavity mouthful of leading of lower position and specific direction, and guides extraction
Flower bud bud further can develop to form the fruit ear for meeting production requirement: lead the fruit ear of flower bud technology formation and the fruit for taking out flower bud any of several broadleaf plants plant naturally
Fringe is compared, except fruit axis fruit be slightly in bending, fruit ear head and the tail fruit comb adnation position distance shorten with fruit ear be averaged fruit comb weight have
Slight reduction is outer, other fruit indexes, fruit refer to that the fruits finger-type state such as length and rugosity and the fruit ear for taking out the strain of flower bud any of several broadleaf plants naturally are no obvious
Difference.
The crucial innovation that the present invention is carried out for the prior art, the beneficial effect is that: regulation banana plant takes out flower bud height position
The direction with fruiting is set, realizes that low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting, greatly facilitates the cutting off male flower cluster for taking out flower bud period in banana production, pad handle
Flower, spray shield flower bud and bagging binding and harvesting etc. technical operation are smeared, labor intensity and difficulty is effectively reduced, is obviously improved work
Efficiency and reduction recruitment cost advantageously reduce the lodging underproduction caused by windburn and lose the risks such as receipts in addition, low level takes out flower bud, meanwhile,
The material cost for establishing the precautionary measures can be reduced with shorter windproof staking out.
Application effect is more in high bar banana variety, the wide-narrow row planting mode any of several broadleaf plants garden using mechanized harvesting by the present invention
It is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention what the false stem of any of several broadleaf plants strain excavated leads flower bud oral cavity schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 be the present invention lead installed in flower bud oral cavity lead flower bud plate schematic diagram；
In figure:
1, banana plant vacation stem；2, the banana plant vacation caulom heart；3, the true stem top of banana plant the raw immature flower bud of fruit ear
Bud；4, the true stem of banana plant；5, lower flat upper tiltedly fan-shaped column body leads flower bud oral cavity；5.1, it leads on the vertical rectangle accent in flower bud oral cavity
Hem width degree；5.2, hem width degree under the vertical rectangle accent in flower bud oral cavity is led；5.3, the vertical vertical long side of rectangle accent in flower bud oral cavity is led
Highly；5.4, flower bud oral cavity lower horizontal depth is led；5.5, the oblique depth in flower bud oral cavity top is led；5.6, it leads wide at the top of the inner end of flower bud oral cavity
Degree；5.7, flower bud oral cavity inner end bottom width is led；5.8, flower bud oral cavity inner end height is led；6, inverted trapezoidal leads flower bud plate；6.1, it leads on flower bud plate
Hold broadside；6.2, flower bud plate lower end narrow side is led；6.3, the vertical bevel edge of flower bud plate is led.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
Stay the strain of bud any of several broadleaf plants for material with osmanthus any of several broadleaf plants No. 6 after harvest on January 18th, 2017, Yu Dangnian at the beginning of August, is used by the end of July
The technology of the present invention carries out convincing flower bud oral treatment (any of several broadleaf plants strain that flower bud oral cavity is not convinced in another setting by patient analysis compares) by patient analysis: selecting true stem end flower bud luxuriant
Development is elongated to 120 centimetres -140 centimetres high of any of several broadleaf plants strain, the true stem at each any of several broadleaf plants strain from the ground 130 centimetre of -160 cm height
The false stem side of flower bud bud top opens one and leads flower bud oral cavity, and being oriented for accent keeps the accent of two adjacent rows any of several broadleaf plants strains opposite two-by-two, chamber
Mouth-shaped is in vertical rectangle, and upper and lower hem width degree accounts for the one third of position vacation stem diameter to 2/5ths, and long side is high by 20
Centimetres -25 centimetres, the oblique depth of flower bud oral cavity lower horizontal depth and top is led as deep as crossing 1 li of the heart of banana plant vacation caulom
- 2 centimetres of rice leads 2 centimetres -3 centimetres of width at the top and bottom of the inner end of flower bud oral cavity, 10 centimetres -15 centimetres of height.Then, it is leading
That one piece of long trapezoidal shape is installed in flower bud oral cavity leads flower bud plate, the narrow side end for leading flower bud plate insert in lead it is interior at the inner end bottom edge of flower bud oral cavity
The false cauline leaf sheath of accent upper end inner edge is then inserted at portion, broadside end, makes to lead flower bud plate in nature arc-shaped bend, and consolidate and be installed on oral cavity
It is interior.And flower bud oral cavity mouthful is led with transparent sealing gluing envelope.Erecting the strain lodging of anti-any of several broadleaf plants back to side and fractureing upright bar for flower bud accent is led in any of several broadleaf plants strain,
And any of several broadleaf plants strain and upright bar are tied up with bandage with following 10 centimetre of -15 centimeters in 25 centimetres -30 centimetres of the top apart from accent respectively
Jail.It excavates the test any of several broadleaf plants strain after leading flower bud chamber and control any of several broadleaf plants strain sprays biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer and applies calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate fertilizer
Once.After leading the extraction of flower bud accent, the increased leaf tissue of true leaf that flower bud bud front end is failed to cut off in atrium is cut any of several broadleaf plants flower bud
It goes.Stay 8 fruits combs after the fruit ear cutting off male flower cluster of each any of several broadleaf plants strain, and any of several broadleaf plants flower bud routinely manages and protects technology and carries out pad smearing flower, spray set
Bag.In January, 2018 harvesting fruit ear carries out copying kind of a survey production, as a result as follows:
The fruit comb for leading flower bud processing any of several broadleaf plants strain fruit ear averagely weighs 17.53 kilograms, and fruit axis averagely weighs 1.05 kilograms, combs give birth to position from beginning to end
It sets away from 43.0 centimetres, the average comb of third comb weighs 2.22 kilograms, and average fruit index 18.7, intermediate fruit refers to 20.0 lis of average length
Rice, intermediate fruit refer to 3.4 centimetres of average diameter (middle part).
The fruit comb for not leading flower bud processing (control) any of several broadleaf plants strain fruit ear averagely weighs 18.01 kilograms, and fruit axis averagely weighs 1.25 kilograms, head and the tail
Adnation position is combed away from 56.5 centimetres, the average comb of third comb weighs 2.34 kilograms, and average fruit index 19.1, intermediate fruit refers to average length
20.0 centimetres of degree, intermediate fruit refers to 3.3 centimetres of average diameter (middle part).
The above embodiments are only that preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, not to present inventive concept and range
Restriction, without departing from the design concept of the invention, any couple of present invention make it is same replacement and equivalent transformation shape
At technical solution, should all be included in the present invention claims protection scope, claimed technology contents, all record
In detail in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that guidance banana low level orientation takes out flower bud fruiting, it is characterized in that: according to the breeding time of different banana varieties and
Morphological development characteristic, be colonized or stay inhale bud banana plant through growth 5 months to 8 months, select bud flower bud bud complete differentiation and
True stem flower bud bud is in any of several broadleaf plants strain of the specific stage of development extended rapidly upward, in any of several broadleaf plants strain 130 centimetre of -160 cm height from the ground
The false stem at place it is specific towards side, open one with aperture utensil and lead flower bud oral cavity in lower flat upper tiltedly fan-shaped vertical bar shape, in turn
That one piece of long trapezoidal shape is installed in oral cavity leads flower bud plate, and leads flower bud oral cavity mouthful with the glutinous envelope of transparent sealed membrane, and flower bud bud is from leading flower bud mouth
After accent breaks through sealed membrane extraction, the increased leaf tissue of true leaf in time flower bud bud front end being failed to cut off in atrium is cut
Go, and lead erecting anti-any of several broadleaf plants strain lodging back to side and fractureing upright bar for flower bud oral cavity mouthful in any of several broadleaf plants strain, and from lead upper 25 centimetres of flower bud oral cavity mouthful-
30 centimeters and 10 centimetre -15 of lower end centimeters respectively tie any of several broadleaf plants strain and upright bar with bandage.
2. the method that a kind of guidance banana low level orientation according to claim 1 takes out flower bud fruiting, it is characterized in that: the spy
Determine stage of development any of several broadleaf plants strain, the flower bud bud of true stem upper end grows to 120 centimetres -140 centimetres of terrain clearance of fertility period in false stem.
3. the method that a kind of guidance banana low level orientation according to claim 1 takes out flower bud fruiting, it is characterized in that: described is in
Lower flat upper tiltedly fan-shaped vertical bar shape leads flower bud oral cavity, and accent is in vertical rectangle, and upper and lower hem width degree accounts for respective position vacation stem
The one third of diameter is to 2/5ths, 20 centimetres -25 centimetres of long side height, the oblique depth of oral cavity lower horizontal depth and top
For degree as deep as crossing 1 centimetre to 2 centimetres of the heart of plant vacation caulom, the width at the top and bottom of the inner end of oral cavity is respectively 2 centimetres -3 lis
Rice, 10 centimetres -15 centimetres of height.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of guidance banana low level orientation take out flower bud fruiting method, it is characterized in that: it is described
False stem specific of any of several broadleaf plants strain from the ground at 130 centimetre of -160 cm height convinces flower bud oral cavity by patient analysis towards side, leads under flower bud oral cavity mouthful
End is located at the top of true stem top flower bud bud in any of several broadleaf plants strain, and accent, which is oriented, keeps the outer accent of any of several broadleaf plants strain of two adjacent rows opposite two-by-two.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of guidance banana low level orientation take out flower bud fruiting method, it is characterized in that: it is described
Lead installed in flower bud oral cavity one piece fall it is long it is trapezoidal draw flower bud guide plate, narrow side end, which inserts in, leads inside at the inner end bottom edge of flower bud oral cavity, broadside
The false cauline leaf for holding then insertion to lead flower bud oral cavity mouthful upper end inner edge is intrathecal, makes to lead flower bud plate in nature arc-shaped bend, and consolidate and be installed on mouth
It is intracavitary, it is ensured that be able to guide during flower bud bud extracts out and avoid guidance to take out flower bud from accent and lead the abjection of flower bud plate and cause to lead flower bud mistake
It loses.
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| CN1034464A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-09 | 广东省农业科学院 | Middle and high banana production technology |
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