CN1098739C - 用于切削刀片的刀夹 - Google Patents

用于切削刀片的刀夹 Download PDF

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CN1098739C
CN1098739C CN98803006A CN98803006A CN1098739C CN 1098739 C CN1098739 C CN 1098739C CN 98803006 A CN98803006 A CN 98803006A CN 98803006 A CN98803006 A CN 98803006A CN 1098739 C CN1098739 C CN 1098739C
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cutter holder
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伯恩特·拉松
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Sandvik AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/08—Cutting tools with blade- or disc-like main parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23B2200/161—Supporting or bottom surfaces with projections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23B2200/163—Supporting or bottom surfaces discontinuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23B2200/165—Supporting or bottom surfaces with one or more grooves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y10T407/235—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges with integral chip breaker, guide or deflector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/28—Miscellaneous

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及将在形成切屑的金属机加工中所用的切削刀片(1)紧固在刀夹(2)上的装置。刀片的底部表面包括一个或者多个基本上沿着刀夹的纵向和/或基本上垂直于工件旋转轴线的方向延伸的凹槽(3)。刀夹的固持表面(5)设计成带有一个或者多个用于与所述的凹槽(3)相啮合的相应的筋(7)。该刀片的下侧以基本上与所述的凹槽成直角延伸的第一支承表面(10)为特征，而刀夹以基本上与筋成直角延伸的第二支承表面(11)为特征，因此，使第一支承表面与第二支承表面相啮合，因此能够使刀片承受径向力。

Description

用于切削刀片的刀夹
本发明涉及在形成切屑的金属加工中固定切削刀片的夹紧装置。
不同的切削刀片和可转位的刀片以几种不同的已知方式夹紧在刀夹上。最普通的一种是，刀片具有中央通孔，而刀夹的刀片槽处具有螺纹孔。一根固定螺钉插入刀片的中央孔并且以适当的扭矩拧入刀夹的螺纹孔中，具有中央孔的垫片通常放置在刀片和底部支承表面之间。通常，刀片槽还包括两个基本垂直邻接的内表面或者三个邻接点，以便靠在刀片两个侧表面上。这种设计的缺点是，使用一定时间之后很容易出现一定量的游隙。另外一个缺点是，螺钉易于被过分拧紧，因此会损坏螺钉或者使其断裂。
其他已知的刀片的刀夹具有一个卡子或者类似的紧固装置，其压在刀片的上表面上，以便将其卡在刀片槽中。卡紧力可由螺钉来调节。这样的设计例如可以用来紧固切削刀片，这种刀片没有中央孔，中央孔是用来对刀片进行开槽和分割等的。
为了避免游隙和大体上使切削刀片获得更稳固的固定，已经提出了这样一种设计，根据该设计，切削刀片的下表面和刀片槽的底部支承面形成了用来彼此配合的带有筋的表面。这样的设计在US-A-2140941和US-A-2453464中有所公开。然而，这些实施例的缺点是，它们需要对或者是切削刀片的或者是刀夹的或者是两者的带筋的表面进行大量的磨削工作。另外一个缺点是，即使刀片已经在垂直于筋的方向上由在刀片后面的止动面固定住，这些设计仍然容易出现竖向游隙，其情况正像具有两个完全平的邻接表面的那种设计一样，特别是在易于出现振动的加工操作中。
此外，刀片后面的刀片止动表面也会带来一些缺点。例如，只能固定恰好适于所述长度的刀片。另外，这种止动表面的形状必须适应刀片的几何形状。该表面例如一定不能损坏从工件转开的切削刃。另外，这样的止动表面在一定程度上能够限制刀片和刀夹与工件的可接近性。
一种用于将刀片卡紧在刀夹上的系统在WO-A-95/29026中有所描述，其是这样布置的，即其包括在刀片下侧上的平行凹槽和在刀夹上的筋，因此，筋装入凹槽中。刀片牢牢地螺接在刀夹上，因此，在筋和凹槽之间产生一种楔作用。在筋和凹槽的侧表面之间的这种楔作用和摩擦作用使刀片在径向上稳定到相当高的程度，但是，当切削力大时，该卡紧作用不完全可靠。为此，必要时，必须利用一个后止动表面。
因此，本发明的第一目的是设计一种包括刀片和刀夹的卡紧装置，以便可以避免采用后止动表面。
本发明的第二目的是这样设计卡紧装置，使得同一刀夹可以安放几种具有不同的基本几何形状的刀片。
本发明的第三目的是使刀片和刀夹相对于工件的可接近性最佳化。
本发明的另外一个目的是设计这样一种卡紧装置，其能够以最佳方式吸收径向和轴向切削力。
这些和其他目的是通过设计这样一种卡紧装置达到的，该卡紧装置以在权利要求1中给出的那些特征为特征。
为了阐明本发明，但是决不是要限制它，现在将参阅附图对其进行更为详细的描述。简略示出的附图如下：
图1示出了本发明的刀片和刀夹的主视图；
图2示出了图1的刀片和刀夹的侧视图；
图3示出了从上方观察的图1和图2的刀夹的透视图(没有刀片)；
图4示出了图3的刀夹的俯视图；
图5示出了图3的刀夹的侧视图；
图6示出了从下方观察的本发明刀片的透视图；
图7示出了图6的刀片的仰视图；
图8示出了图6的刀片的侧视图；
图9示出了本发明的另外一个刀片的俯视图。
在图1和2中，刀片均由标号1表示，而刀夹由标号2表示。切削刀片在大多数情况下由有涂层的或者没有涂层的硬质合金制成。切削刀片的几何形状不是本发明的重要特征，其是最不重要的，因为本发明的主要目的之一是不同的刀片可以安装在相同的刀夹上。因此，图6-8所示的刀片表示本发明的实现。然而，本发明的所有切削刀片的特征是，它们都有一个或者几个凹槽3，该凹槽3的侧面3a和3b作为相等数目的筋7的侧表面7a和7b的接触表面。所述的这些凹槽基本上在刀夹2的纵向上和/或者基本上垂直于工件的旋转轴线。在图6中，所示的刀片只有一个凹槽3，但是，根据上述的公开号为WO-A-95/29026的专利，该刀片甚至可以有几个凹槽(而刀夹具有相等数目的筋)。上述专利特此通过引用而合并在本发明的专利申请中。基本上平的表面4，与所述凹槽的两侧相连，其在组装的情况下形成一个空气表面，因为那时在表面4和在刀夹上的基本上是平的对置的底表面5之间存在间隙“s”(见图1和2)。该间隙“s”在0.02和0.03毫米之间是合适的。平面4由四个侧面6和其他侧面限定边界，其中，侧面6基本上平行于凹槽3延伸。与凹槽3的侧面3a和3b的情况一样，这些侧面6也充当在刀夹上的对应的支承表面8的支承表面，而支承表面8形成刀夹上的凸起部分9a，9b的侧面。当刀片被固定时，其因而将仅靠在刀夹的侧面7a，7b和8上。在筋的顶部和凹槽的底部之间不发生接触，如由图1中的间隙“t”所示。侧面7a，7b相对于底面的角度的合适值被发现介于50度和70度之间，优选是在55度和65度之间。
因此，由于刀片仅靠在侧面7a，7b和8上，所以在筋和凹槽之间的夹紧楔作用成为可能。另外，直接受压筋的少许表面粗糙度对夹紧作用具有积极的作用。然而，正在讨论的本发明的一个重要特征在于，通过布置基本上在轴向上对准工件并且基本上垂直于凹槽3的侧面或者支承表面10而确定并持久地保证刀片在径向上不位移。支承表面10用来靠在刀夹的的对置的表面11上。然而，匹配表面11和在凸起部分9b上的对应的支承表面12不是用来起支承表面作用的，其可由图2中的间隙“u”来说明。由平面4的凸起部分限定的侧面10的宽度因而少许窄于在侧面11和12之间的对应凹槽的的宽度。该间隙“u”的合适值介于0.05和1毫米之间。
图6-8所示的刀片以两个工作切削刃13为特征。在一个切削刃磨损以后，可以将刀片松开和转动半圈，以便使另外一个切削刃向前转位。借助一个通过光滑孔14并且拧紧在刀夹的螺纹孔15上的固定螺钉(未示出)可将刀片夹紧在刀夹上。当刀片转位时，其另外两个侧面10将充当靠在刀夹的支承表面11上的支承表面。从图3和4可见，在刀夹上的螺纹孔15与筋7位于一条直线上。将该孔放置在一个筋上而不是例如放置在两个筋之间的理由，自然是由于，如果其受到两个支承线之间的力，刀片可能会断裂。在刀片具有几个筋7的情况下，为了将对称夹紧力在中央筋的两侧上传给刀片，刀片和刀夹设计得具有不等数目的凹槽和筋。
当用本发明的刀片进行机加工时为了提高切削经济性，刀片也可以具有带有四个加工切削刃13的结构，如图9所示。该刀片可以以如图6-8所示的刀片的相同方式放置在如图3-5所示的刀夹上。一个凹槽3将接纳刀夹的筋7，而与该凹槽成直角的凹槽3’是空的并且向底表面5敞开。一对侧面10(例如图9中的标号10的表面)靠在刀夹的支承表面11上将起支承表面的作用，而四个侧面6靠在刀夹的表面8上将起支承表面的作用。当刀片转位四分之一圈时，表面6和10将彼此改变位置，并且凹槽3’将接纳筋7。
通过轴向对准的相互作用的支承表面10和11，则可以得到一系列的优点。不同刀片的尺寸和形状不会对刀夹的设计具有影响，因为刀夹不必包括刀片的后支承表面。换句话说，当设计刀片时，人们有较大的自由度。对于这些刀片，也难于设计功能上可接受的支承表面，例如由于不同的径向间隙。另外，可以给予刀夹更柔韧和更细小的结构，而无需任何在刀片之后的邻接表面。
如上所述，在讨论中的本发明的刀片非常便于吸收轴向力和径向力。考虑到这一点，最后应当指出，根据图6-8所示设计的双功能刀片，可以利用这一优点。由于在这些刀片上的直的前刃13和邻接两侧的弯曲侧刃16，该刀片可以用于平面加工，甚至用于轴向仿形加工，和用于车圆角。因此，可以产生大量的不同形状。

Claims (5)

1、一种在形成金属切屑的加工中将切削刀片(1)固定在刀夹(2)上的紧固装置，其中，刀片的底面包括一个或者几个凹槽(3)，该一个或者几个凹槽基本上沿着刀夹的纵向和/或者基本上与工件的旋转轴线成直角延伸，并且刀夹的的固持表面(5)形成有一个或者几个用来配合所述凹槽(3)的相应的筋(7)，其特征在于，
刀片用有涂层的或者没有涂层的硬质合金制成，
刀片的下侧还以基本上与所述的凹槽成直角的第一支承表面(10)为特征，而刀夹以基本上与所述的筋成直角的第二支承表面(11)为特征，
借此，使第一支承表面靠在第二支承表面上，因此使刀片能够很好地承受径向切削力，
筋和凹槽的侧表面(3a，3b，7a，7b)和侧表面(6，8)的表面以相对于刀夹的固持表面介于50度和70度之间的角度为特征。
2、如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，刀片的下侧除了一个或者几个凹槽(3)以外还以侧表面(6)为特征，该侧表面基本上平行于所述凹槽并且用来靠在刀夹的对应的侧表面(8)上。
3、如权利要求1和2所述的装置，其特征在于，刀片只是通过所述凹槽的侧表面(3a，3b)和所述侧表面(6)，从而放置在刀夹中。
4、如上述权利要求中任何一项所述的装置，其特征在于，切削刀片还以一个或者几个基本上与所述凹槽(3)成直角的其他凹槽(3’)为特征。
5、一种用于形成切屑的金属加工的刀片，包括一个底部表面，该表面形成有一个或者几个基本上彼此平行的凹槽(3)，其特征在于，该底部表面还包括基本上与所述的凹槽(3)成直角的侧表面(10)，该所述的侧表面(10)用来靠在刀夹的相应的侧表面上，以确保刀片可承受径向切削力。
CN98803006A 1997-03-05 1998-02-27 用于切削刀片的刀夹 Expired - Lifetime CN1098739C (zh)

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SE9700779A SE511390C2 (sv) 1997-03-05 1997-03-05 Anordning vid fastspänning av skärplattor för skärande metallbearbetning

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DE (1) DE69807192T2 (zh)
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CN101772390B (zh) * 2007-08-05 2012-09-05 伊斯卡有限公司 切削工具及用于切削工具的切削刀片

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EP0964761A1 (en) 1999-12-22
SE9700779L (sv) 1998-09-06
WO1998039122A1 (en) 1998-09-11
KR20000075958A (ko) 2000-12-26
DE69807192T2 (de) 2003-03-27
SE9700779D0 (sv) 1997-03-05
KR100522982B1 (ko) 2005-10-21
JP2000512917A (ja) 2000-10-03
SE511390C2 (sv) 1999-09-20
CN1251547A (zh) 2000-04-26
DE69807192D1 (de) 2002-09-19
US5931613A (en) 1999-08-03
US6146061A (en) 2000-11-14
EP0964761B1 (en) 2002-08-14

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