CN109828028B - Ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and qualitative method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and qualitative method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and a qualitative method, which are realized based on an ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device, wherein the ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device can implement a traditional ultrasonic detection equivalent method, and can also utilize a P scanning imaging technology to qualitatively evaluate structural defects, such as object welding joint defects, for example, aiming at the object welding joint defects, the P scanning imaging technology can judge the defect properties by assisting a welding seam groove structure, a welding method, defect positions and the like according to the shape characteristics of the defects, so that the shape of the object defects is reconstructed and reproduced to realize the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative detection purpose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive detection, in particular to a qualitative system and a qualitative method for detecting defects by ultrasonic.
Background
The structural defects are one of the important indicators for reflecting and assessing the overall condition of the object structure. The defects of the structure have important reference significance corresponding to the research on the physical characteristics of macroscopic objects and microscopic objects. For a macroscopic object, the structural defects can influence the structural stability of the macroscopic object, particularly, the distribution density, the shape and the size of the structural defects can generate important influence on the structural stability of the macroscopic object, the internal structural information of the macroscopic object can be well obtained through qualitative analysis on the structural defects of the macroscopic object, and the macroscopic object especially comprises engineering structures in different forms such as bridges, tunnels or high-rise buildings, and the qualitative analysis on the internal structural defects of the engineering structures can help engineering personnel to determine corresponding maintenance and reinforcement measures so as to effectively prolong the service life of the engineering structures; for a microscopic object, the structural defects can affect the physical properties of the microscopic object, and similarly, the distribution density, shape and size of the structural defects can affect the physical properties of the microscopic object in different aspects such as mechanics, optics, heat and the like, and the change direction of the physical properties of the microscopic object caused by the existence of the structural defects can be judged through qualitative analysis of the structural defects of the microscopic object, and such microscopic substances especially include different types of basic substances such as crystals and the like, and qualitative analysis of the internal structural defects of the microscopic object can help researchers determine the synthesis and manufacturing processes and procedures of the microscopic substances so as to further improve the different physical properties of the microscopic substance.
At present, the detection of the object structure defect is mainly realized by an ultrasonic detection method, the theoretical basis of the implementation of the ultrasonic detection method is that if the object structure has a defect, the defect affects the acoustic characteristics of the object in the area near the position of the defect, after the ultrasonic wave passes through the defect, the corresponding propagation parameter of the reflected or transmitted ultrasonic wave is correspondingly changed, and the change condition of the transmission parameter of the reflected or transmitted ultrasonic wave is measured, so that the qualitative detection result of the defect can be obtained. The existing ultrasonic detection method can only perform A scanning display, the A scanning display needs quantitative analysis according to a distance-amplitude curve, visual and accurate knowledge about object defects cannot be formed, and specific information about positions, properties, sizes, orientations and the like of the defects cannot be obtained through the A scanning display, so that the recordability of the defects of the objects is not outstanding. In addition, the existing ultrasonic phased array technology has a problem of serious distortion to the imaging of the object defects, and the existing ultrasonic phased array technology also cannot perform accurate qualitative analysis on the object defects according to the images formed by the ultrasonic phased array technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In the ultrasonic detection project of object defects, the existing ultrasonic A scanning imaging display technology and ultrasonic phased array detection technology respectively have different degrees of defects in the aspects of defect imaging intuition, accuracy, recordability or imaging distortion and the like, and due to the existing problems, the existing ultrasonic detection means aiming at the object defects only stay at the stage of equivalent method detection, and the result of the equivalent method detection cannot intuitively and clearly display the related data result of the defect detection, so that the qualitative detection of the object structure defects, especially the object welding joint defects, still has great difficulty, and further the popularization and application of the ultrasonic detection in the aspect of the qualitative detection of the object defects are seriously restricted.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and a qualitative method, wherein the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and the qualitative method are realized based on an ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device, the ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device can implement the traditional ultrasonic detection equivalent method, and can also utilize the P scanning imaging technology to qualitatively evaluate the structural defects, such as the defects of an object welding joint, for example, aiming at the defects of the object welding joint, the P scanning imaging technology can assist the weld groove structure, the welding method, the defect positions and the like to judge the defect properties according to the morphological characteristics of the defects, so that the morphology of the object defects is reconstructed and reproduced to realize the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative detection purpose.
The invention provides an ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used for carrying out scanning imaging operation on a target object so as to generate appearance information about the target object;
the defect appearance characteristic extraction module is used for obtaining defect appearance characteristic parameters related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object;
the defect qualitative module is used for carrying out qualitative evaluation operation on the defects in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters so as to obtain a defect qualitative evaluation result related to the target object;
furthermore, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module also comprises an ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule and a computer tomography submodule; the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves in an array form to scan and detect the target object, so that section scanning information about the target object is obtained; the computer tomography sub-module is used for performing three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target object according to the section scanning information to obtain the appearance information;
further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule comprises an array ultrasonic emitter, each ultrasonic emitter of the array ultrasonic emitter sequentially emits ultrasonic waves according to a specific sequence to change the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves in the target object, so that the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles are used for carrying out the scanning imaging operation on different areas in the target object;
further, the computer tomography sub-module is configured to perform parallel scanning along a normal direction of a cross section of the target according to the cross-sectional scanning information, and record cross-sectional image information of the target at different positions, so as to reconstruct a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image of any depth of the target, thereby implementing the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtaining the real morphology information;
further, the defect topography extraction feature module comprises an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, wherein the ultrasonic echo sensor is used for receiving an ultrasonic echo signal formed by array ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module after the array ultrasonic waves reach the target object, and the signal processor is used for acquiring ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo signals at different angles and different depths and obtaining the defect topography feature parameters according to the ultrasonic beam widths;
further, the defect qualitative module is further configured to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain a qualitative evaluation result of the defect according to the front view, the top view, the side view and a section image of any depth of the target object obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, the morphological feature parameters of the defect, the position information of the defect in the target object, a welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target object, and a welding method corresponding to the defect generated in the target object;
the invention also provides an ultrasonic defect detection qualitative method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out scanning imaging operation on a target object so as to generate morphological information about the target object;
step (2), obtaining a defect topography characteristic parameter related to the target object according to an ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object;
step (3), according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects in the target object, so as to obtain a defect qualitative evaluation result related to the target object;
further, in the step (1), generating the topographic information specifically includes obtaining cross-sectional scanning information about the target object by performing scanning detection on the target object by using an array-form ultrasonic wave, and performing a three-dimensional reconstruction operation about the target object according to the cross-sectional scanning information, thereby obtaining the topographic information; the scanning detection of the array-form ultrasonic waves on the target object specifically comprises the steps of driving each ultrasonic transmitter in the array-form ultrasonic transmitters to transmit the ultrasonic waves to the target object in sequence according to a specific sequence, so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves in the target object is changed, and the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles scan, detect and image different areas in the target object; the performing of the three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the object specifically includes recording sectional image information of the object at different positions, so as to reconstruct a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image of any depth of the object, thereby obtaining the topographic information;
further, in the step (2), obtaining the defect topography characteristic parameters related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object specifically includes obtaining ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo in the ultrasonic echo signal at different angles and different depths, and obtaining the defect topography characteristic parameters according to the ultrasonic beam widths;
further, in the step (3), performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphological feature parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result on the defects of the target object, specifically, the qualitative evaluation operation is performed according to a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image with any depth of the target object, the defect morphological feature parameters, position information of the defects in the target object, a welding groove structure corresponding to the defects in the target object, and a welding method corresponding to the defects generated in the target object, so as to obtain the qualitative evaluation result on the defects;
compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative method are realized based on an ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device, the ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device can implement a traditional ultrasonic detection equivalent method, and can also qualitatively evaluate structural defects such as object welding joint defects by utilizing a P scanning imaging technology, and the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative method mainly utilize three technologies of an ultrasonic phased array technology, a computer tomography technology and a defect extraction technology to qualitatively evaluate object defects, so that the appearance of the object defects is reconstructed and reproduced to realize the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative detection purpose.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for qualitative defect detection by ultrasound according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for qualitative defect detection by ultrasound according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a system for qualitative defect detection by ultrasound according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system comprises an ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, a defect appearance characteristic extraction module and a defect qualitative module. The ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system can include, but is not limited to, qualitatively detecting internal structural defects or external structural defects of an object, further, the internal structural defects of the object can preferably include internal defects caused by stress or thermal imbalance and the like in the object, and the external structural defects of the object can preferably include welding joint defects and the like of the object caused by welding of components. In fact, the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and method of the present invention has better defect qualitative effect on the above-mentioned object welding joint defects, and the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and method of the present invention are also preferably developed for the object welding joint defects. In brief, the ultrasonic defect qualitative detection system is mainly used for qualitatively detecting the defects of the object based on an ultrasonic phased array technology, a computer tomography technology and a defect extraction technology based on sound field characteristics; correspondingly, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module has two different functions of ultrasonic phased array scanning and computed tomography imaging, and the defect morphology feature extraction module has a defect extraction function based on sound field features, namely, the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system is essentially an ultrasonic phased array P scanning imaging device, and different operation steps of ultrasonic scanning, tomography imaging and defect extraction are respectively carried out on object defects through different function modules integrated inside, so that a qualitative evaluation result about the object defects is finally obtained.
Specifically, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used for carrying out scanning imaging operation on a target object so as to generate the appearance information of the target object. Preferably, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module can comprise an ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module and a computer tomography sub-module; the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves in an array form to scan and detect the target object, so that section scanning information about the target object is obtained; the computer tomography sub-module is used for performing three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target object according to the section scanning information so as to obtain the appearance information of the target object. Therefore, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module has the ultrasonic phased array scanning function, and the computed tomography sub-module has the computed tomography imaging function. Since computed tomography can reconstruct a three-dimensional structure image with respect to an object to obtain an intuitively understood structure with respect to the three-dimensional structure of the object, and the computed tomography imaging is performed based on the cross-sectional scan information about the object obtained by the ultrasound phased array scan, namely, the computed tomography imaging is carried out on the basis of the structural defects of the target object obtained by ultrasonic phased array scanning, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module carries out two mutually related detection steps of ultrasonic phased array scanning and computed tomography on the target object in sequence, can organically combine the existing computed tomography technology and the ultrasonic phased array scanning technology together, therefore, the three-dimensional reconstruction image obtained by the computed tomography contains the defect information detected by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging, so as to further improve the accuracy and the distinguishability of the qualitative detection of the object structure defects.
Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module comprises an array type ultrasonic transmitter, and the array type ultrasonic transmitter is used for scanning and projecting ultrasonic waves with specific shape distribution to the target object; the array type ultrasonic emitter comprises a plurality of ultrasonic emitters which are formed in a specific array arrangement form, and preferably, the specific array arrangement form can include but is not limited to a linear array form, a two-dimensional rectangular array form, a two-dimensional circular array form or a two-dimensional annular array form; each of the array-type ultrasonic transmitters preferably operates relatively independently of the other and is capable of autonomously projecting ultrasonic waves toward the target. In fact, since the ultrasonic waves generated by the array type ultrasonic reflectors having different array arrangements have correspondingly different distribution shapes, in view of the above, a person skilled in the art can select an array type ultrasonic reflector with a suitable distribution shape according to the actual shape and size of the target object, so that the target object can obtain a complete ultrasonic scan, preferably, the line array type ultrasonic transmitter is adapted to an object having an elongated shape, the two-dimensional rectangular array type or the two-dimensional circular array type ultrasonic transmitter is adapted to an object having a flat shape, the ultrasonic transmitters in the form of a two-dimensional annular array are suitable for three-dimensional objects of approximately similar dimensions in three dimensions.
Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module also comprises a clock unit and an actuator array unit. The array type ultrasonic transmitter is used for sequentially driving each ultrasonic transmitter to transmit ultrasonic waves according to the time sequence signal; preferably, the timing signal may be a clock signal formed by a series of high and low level sets, where the high and low level set includes a plurality of high and low level logic sequences, each high and low level logic sequence includes only one high level, and the only one high level is used to indicate that the ultrasonic transmitter corresponding to the ultrasonic wave needs to be driven to transmit currently, that is, the array ultrasonic transmitter performs driving control of the corresponding ultrasonic transmitter according to each high and low level logic sequence in the high and low level set, so as to ensure that only one ultrasonic transmitter transmits the ultrasonic wave at the same time. In addition, the actuator array unit comprises a plurality of actuators, wherein the number of the actuators is the same as the data of the ultrasonic transmitters of the array type ultrasonic transmitters, and each actuator only controls one ultrasonic transmitter correspondingly. The actuator is used for changing the ultrasonic projection angle of the ultrasonic transmitter to the target object, namely the actuator can change the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave in the target object, so that the array type ultrasonic transmitter can perform scanning imaging operation on different areas in the target object by the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles. Preferably, the actuator may be, but is not limited to, a one-dimensional linear actuator capable of changing an angle at which the ultrasonic transmitter projects the ultrasonic wave in a single direction or a two-dimensional planar actuator capable of changing an angle at which the ultrasonic transmitter projects the ultrasonic wave in two directions perpendicular to each other. Preferably, each actuator in the actuator array unit can be operated independently of each other at the same time or during the transmission of ultrasonic waves by its corresponding ultrasonic transmitter.
Furthermore, the computer tomography sub-module is used for performing parallel scanning along the normal direction of the section of the object according to the section scanning information from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, and simultaneously, the computer tomography sub-module also records the corresponding section image information of the object at different scanning positions, so as to reconstruct the front view, the top view, the side view and the section image of any depth of the object, thereby realizing the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtaining the appearance information. In practice, the computer tomography sub-module, after receiving the cross-sectional scanning information, converts the cross-sectional scanning information into a scanning path information, which is used to indicate the tomography line of the computer tomography sub-module.
Specifically, the defect topography extraction module is used for obtaining defect topography parameters related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object. Preferably, the defect profile extraction feature module may include an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, the ultrasonic echo sensor is configured to receive the ultrasonic echo signal formed by the array ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module after reaching the target object, and the signal processor is configured to acquire ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo signals at different angles and different depths, and obtain the defect profile feature parameter according to the ultrasonic beam width.
Further, the defect qualitative module can be used for performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology feature parameters, so as to obtain a defect qualitative evaluation result about the target object. The defect qualitative module is further used for performing the qualitative evaluation operation and obtaining a qualitative evaluation result of the defect according to the front view, the top view, the side view and the section image with any depth of the target object, the morphological characteristic parameters of the defect, the position information of the defect in the target object, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target object and the welding method corresponding to the defect in the target object, which are obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module.
Accordingly, referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of a method for qualitative defect detection by ultrasonic is shown. Preferably, the method for defect qualification by ultrasonic detection is implemented based on the system for defect qualification by ultrasonic detection shown in fig. 1. Specifically, the method for qualitative defect detection by ultrasonic comprises the following steps:
step (1), scanning and imaging operation is carried out on a target object, and therefore the shape information of the target object is generated.
Further, in the step (1), generating the topographic information specifically includes obtaining cross-sectional scanning information about the object by performing scanning detection on the object by using array-form ultrasonic waves, and performing a three-dimensional reconstruction operation about the object according to the cross-sectional scanning information, thereby obtaining the topographic information; the scanning detection of the array-form ultrasonic waves on the target specifically comprises the steps of driving each ultrasonic transmitter in the array-form ultrasonic transmitters to transmit the ultrasonic waves to the target in sequence according to a specific sequence, so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves in the target is changed, and the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles scan, detect and image different areas in the target; the performing of the three-dimensional reconstruction operation with respect to the object specifically includes recording sectional image information of the object at different positions, thereby reconstructing a front view, a top view, a side view and a sectional image of an arbitrary depth with respect to the object, thereby obtaining the topographic information.
And (2) obtaining a defect topography characteristic parameter related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object.
Further, in the step (2), obtaining the defect topographic feature parameter related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object specifically includes obtaining ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo in the ultrasonic echo signal at different angles and different depths, and obtaining the defect topographic feature parameter according to the ultrasonic beam widths.
And (3) performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a defect qualitative evaluation result related to the target object.
Further, in the step (3), performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the object according to the defect morphological feature parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result on the defects of the object, specifically, the qualitative evaluation operation is performed according to a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image of any depth of the object, the defect morphological feature parameters, position information of the defects in the object, a welding groove structure corresponding to the defects in the object, and a welding method corresponding to the defects generated in the object, so as to obtain the qualitative evaluation result on the defects.
Preferably, the qualitative evaluation operation to obtain the defect qualitative evaluation result can be implemented according to the following calculation model:
the method comprises the steps of analyzing front view, top view, side view and section images with any depth, the defect appearance characteristic parameters, position information of defects in a target, welding groove structures corresponding to the defects in the high target, welding methods corresponding to the defects generated in the target and other different parameters to form a parameter matrix, considering the importance of each parameter in the whole target, and considering the qualification degree of each parameter under the corresponding standard, so as to obtain an integral qualitative evaluation score of the defects.
Wherein, in considering the importance of each parameter in the whole object, the importance is calculated by the following formula
In the above formula, IiIs the importance of the ith parameter in the overall object, kijIs the corresponding score when the relative importance of the ith parameter is the jth grade, j is the classification grade for evaluating each parameter, m is the total number of the parameters, n is the total number of the classification grades, rjThe number of the parameters with the importance degree of the jth level is the number of the parameters corresponding to the jth level;
in considering the pass level of each parameter under its corresponding standard, the pass level is calculated by the following formula
In the above formula, PiQualification of the i-th parameter, XilThe score corresponding to the ith parameter under the ith criterion is Y, since different parameters need different identification criterialThe number of parameters corresponding to the standard under the l-th standard is m, the total number of the parameters is m, and k is the total number of the standards.
Integrating the above two formulas to obtain corresponding overall qualitative evaluation score of defect
In the above formula, Q is the qualitative assessment score for the defect as a whole, XTThe corresponding highest score among all criteria. And finally, comparing a preset value with the integral qualitative defect evaluation score Q to obtain a qualitative defect evaluation result.
In addition, the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and the qualitative method are realized based on an ultrasonic defect detection qualitative technology, which can be called a phased array ultrasonic detection technology, and the phased array ultrasonic detection technology forms focusing, scanning and the like of a synthesized sound beam by controlling the delay time of receiving and transmitting of each array element of an array probe, thereby realizing various scanning effects of polarization, focusing and the like of an ultrasonic beam, and finally realizing high-resolution ultrasonic defect imaging in a scanning range. The specific implementation manner of the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative technology (or phased array ultrasonic detection technology) can include, but is not limited to, constructing an ultrasonic phased array detection system based on raw data, or a reflector morphology extraction system and extraction method based on sound field characteristics, and other practical operations. In the practical operation listed above, in the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative technology, in the phased array ultrasonic emission state, each array element in the array transducer is sequentially excited according to a certain delay rule, the generated ultrasonic emission sub-beams are spatially synthesized to form a corresponding focus point and directivity, and by changing the delay rule excited by each array element, the beam direction of the focus position can be changed to form scanning focusing within a certain spatial range.
Further, in the actual operation of the ultrasonic phased array detection system based on the raw data, specifically, based on the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative technology, after an ultrasonic echo signal from a detected object is received, the ultrasonic echo signal is directly subjected to analog-to-digital conversion processing and beam forming processing to generate raw data information, and the raw data information is directly subjected to imaging processing based on the raw data information and is directly stored for source data of subsequent analysis and calculation; in addition, in the practical operation of the reflector profile extraction system and the reflector profile extraction method based on the sound field characteristics, specifically, based on the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative technology, ultrasonic waves are projected to a reflector, ultrasonic echoes about different receiving angles and different depths formed by detecting the reflection of the ultrasonic waves by the reflector are adopted, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic echoes are subjected to targeted signal processing operation so as to extract the profile characteristics about the reflector and calculate corresponding profile characteristic parameters. Although the two different types of actual operations have different ultrasonic wave transmitting, receiving and processing programs respectively, and the detection objects aimed at by the two different types of actual operations are also different, the two types of actual operations are both detection technologies based on an ultrasonic detection defect qualitative technology, and both the two types of actual operations are adaptive system adjustment based on the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative technology; it can be seen that the qualitative system and qualitative method for ultrasonic defect detection of the present invention essentially belong to the basic technology of ultrasonic defect detection, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide the ultrasonic defect detection principle and data processing basis based on the ultrasonic phased array P scanning mode, and on the basis of this, under the condition that the specific defect detection object or detection data is different, the qualitative technology for ultrasonic defect detection is converted into different implementation modes, so as to obtain the above mentioned different implementation modes of the ultrasonic phased array detection system based on original data, or the reflector morphology extraction system and extraction method based on sound field characteristics, etc.
It can be seen from the foregoing embodiments that the system and the method for qualitative detection of ultrasonic detection defects are implemented based on an ultrasonic phased array P-scan imaging device, which can implement a conventional ultrasonic detection equivalent method, and can also qualitatively evaluate structural defects, such as object welding joint defects, by using a P-scan imaging technique, for example, for object welding joint defects, the P-scan imaging technique can determine the defect properties by using a weld groove structure, a welding method, a defect position, and the like, according to the morphological characteristics of the defects, so as to reconstruct the morphology of the object defects to achieve the corresponding purpose of qualitative detection by ultrasonic.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic flaw detection and characterization system, the ultrasonic flaw detection and characterization system comprising:
the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used for carrying out scanning imaging operation on a target object so as to generate appearance information about the target object;
the defect appearance characteristic extraction module is used for obtaining defect appearance characteristic parameters related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object;
a defect qualitative module, configured to perform qualitative evaluation operation on the defects in the target object according to the defect morphological feature parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result of the defects of the target object, and implement the qualitative evaluation operation according to the following calculation model:
according to a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image with any depth, the defect appearance characteristic parameters, the position information of the defect in the target, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the high target and the welding method corresponding to the defect generated in the target, forming a parameter matrix by the different parameters, then considering the importance of each parameter in the whole target first, and then considering the two aspects of the qualification degree of each parameter under the corresponding standard to analyze, thereby obtaining an overall defect qualitative evaluation score:
wherein, in considering the importance of each parameter in the whole object, the importance is calculated by the following formula
In the above-mentioned formula,
the importance of the ith parameter in the overall object,
is the corresponding score when the relative importance of the ith parameter is the jth grade, j is the classification grade for evaluating each parameter, m is the total number of the parameters, n is the total number of the classification grades,
the number of the parameters with the importance degree of the jth level is the number of the parameters corresponding to the jth level;
in considering the acceptability of each parameter under its corresponding criteria, the acceptability is calculated by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned formula,
as the qualification degree of the ith parameter,
for the ith parameter in
The corresponding score under each standard is determined according to different parameters and needs different determination standards
Is as follows
The number of parameters corresponding to the standard under each standard, m is the total number of the parameters, and k is the total number of the standards;
integrating the two formulas to obtain corresponding overall qualitative evaluation score of the defect:
in the above-mentioned formula,
for the qualitative assessment score of the defect as a whole,
the highest score corresponding to all the standards, and finally, a preset value and the overall defect qualitative evaluation score are used
And comparing to obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect.
2. The ultrasonic detection defect characterization system of claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module also comprises an ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule and a computer tomography submodule; the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves in an array form to scan and detect the target object, so that section scanning information about the target object is obtained; and the computer tomography sub-module is used for performing three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target object according to the section scanning information so as to obtain the appearance information.
3. The ultrasonic detection defect characterization system of claim 2, wherein: the ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule comprises array ultrasonic transmitters, and each ultrasonic transmitter of the array ultrasonic transmitters sequentially transmits ultrasonic waves according to a specific sequence to change the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves in the target object, so that the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles are used for carrying out scanning imaging operation on different areas in the target object.
4. The ultrasonic detection defect characterization system of claim 2, wherein: and the computer tomography sub-module is used for carrying out parallel scanning along the normal direction of the section of the target object according to the section scanning information and simultaneously recording the section image information of the target object at different positions so as to reconstruct a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image with any depth of the target object, thereby realizing the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtaining real morphology information.
5. The ultrasonic detection defect characterization system of claim 1, wherein: the defect morphology extraction feature module comprises an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, the ultrasonic echo sensor is used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals formed by array ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module after the array ultrasonic waves reach the target object, and the signal processor is used for acquiring ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo signals at different angles and different depths and obtaining defect morphology feature parameters according to the ultrasonic beam widths.
6. The ultrasonic detection defect characterization system of claim 1, wherein: the defect qualitative module is further used for performing the qualitative evaluation operation and obtaining a defect qualitative evaluation result according to the front view, the top view, the side view and the section image with any depth of the target object, the defect appearance characteristic parameters, the position information of the defect in the target object, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target object and the welding method corresponding to the defect in the target object, which are obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module.
7. An ultrasonic defect characterization method using the ultrasonic defect characterization system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the ultrasonic defect characterization method comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out scanning imaging operation on a target object so as to generate morphological information about the target object;
step (2), obtaining a defect topography characteristic parameter related to the target object according to an ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object;
and (3) performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters to obtain a qualitative evaluation result of the defects of the target object, wherein the qualitative evaluation result is realized according to the following calculation model:
according to a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image with any depth, the defect appearance characteristic parameters, the position information of the defect in the target object, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the high target object and the welding method corresponding to the defect generated in the target object, forming a parameter matrix by the different parameters, then considering the importance of each parameter in the whole target object, and then considering the two aspects of the qualification degree of each parameter under the corresponding standard to analyze, thereby obtaining an integral defect qualitative evaluation score;
wherein, in considering the importance of each parameter in the whole object, the importance is calculated by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned formula,
the importance of the ith parameter in the overall object,
is the corresponding score when the relative importance of the ith parameter is the jth grade, j is the classification grade for evaluating each parameter,m is the total number of parameters, n is the total number of classification levels,
the number of the parameters with the importance degree of the jth level is the number of the parameters corresponding to the jth level;
in considering the acceptability of each parameter under its corresponding criteria, the acceptability is calculated by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned formula,
as the qualification degree of the ith parameter,
for the ith parameter in
The corresponding score under each standard is determined according to different parameters and needs different determination standards
Is as follows
The number of parameters corresponding to the standard under each standard, m is the total number of the parameters, and k is the total number of the standards;
integrating the two formulas to obtain corresponding overall qualitative evaluation score of the defect:
in the above-mentioned formula,
for the qualitative assessment score of the defect as a whole,
the highest score corresponding to all the standards, and finally, a preset value and the overall defect qualitative evaluation score are used
And comparing to obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining the defect comprises: in the step (1), generating the topographic information specifically includes obtaining profile scanning information about the target object by performing scanning detection on the target object by using ultrasonic waves in an array form, and performing a three-dimensional reconstruction operation about the target object according to the profile scanning information, thereby obtaining the topographic information; the scanning detection of the array-form ultrasonic waves on the target object specifically comprises the steps of driving each ultrasonic transmitter in the array-form ultrasonic transmitters to transmit the ultrasonic waves to the target object in sequence according to a specific sequence, so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves in the target object is changed, and the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles scan, detect and image different areas in the target object; the performing of the three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the object specifically includes recording sectional image information of the object at different positions, so as to reconstruct a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image of any depth of the object, thereby obtaining the topographic information.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining the defect comprises: in the step (2), obtaining the defect topography characteristic parameters related to the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object specifically includes obtaining ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo in the ultrasonic echo signal at different angles and different depths, and obtaining the defect topography characteristic parameters according to the ultrasonic beam widths.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining the defect comprises: in the step (3), performing qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphological feature parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result on the defects of the target object, specifically, the qualitative evaluation result on the defects includes performing the qualitative evaluation operation and obtaining the qualitative evaluation result on the defects according to a front view, a top view, a side view and a section image with any depth of the target object, the defect morphological feature parameters, position information of the defects in the target object, a welding groove structure corresponding to the defects in the target object, and a welding method corresponding to the defects generated in the target object.
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