CN105973988B - A kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging detection method of lamellar defect distribution - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging detection method of lamellar defect distribution Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/0672—Imaging by acoustic tomography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging detection methods of lamellar defect distribution, first, it proposes to be layered C-scan method extract layer platelet defect ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging data using ultrasonic immersed focus, the focal zone of focused beam is measured by test method, and determine therefrom that layering C-scan interval, achieve the purpose that efficient, accurate acquisition data.Secondly, proposing three-dimensional imaging data reconstructing method, search window is set by demixing scan focal position and burnt area's range, pulse peak search is carried out in window ranges, determines the three-dimensional spatial distribution of defect.Finally, the three-dimensional imaging of programmed environment design and exploitation three-dimensional imaging software realization to internal lamellar defect based on virtual instrument.The advantage of the invention is that, it solves the acquisition of industrial components three-dimensional imaging data, processing, reconstruction, the problems such as visual calculation amount is larger, testing cost is high, achievees the purpose that accurately and rapidly nondestructive measurement inside workpiece lamellar defect distributed in three dimensions and size.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging methods of lamellar internal flaw, and in particular to a kind of material internal layer
The supersonic damage-free detection method of platelet defect distributed in three dimensions.This method give three dimensional data collection method, data three-dimensionals to reconstruct
Method, software realization and the implementation result to an exemplary special case.
Technical background
There are many lamellar defects in material processing, such as: folding, crackle, synusia type are mingled with, such defect pair
The service performance of material adversely affects.Accurate evaluation is carried out for improving material to the size of drawbacks described above, extension, distribution
Newly can, technological innovation be promoted to play a significant role.3-D supersonic imaging can provide stereochemical structure information abundant, in medical domain
It has been widely used.Theoretically, the defect distribution of the lossless measurement material internal of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging technology can be passed through.
However, due to the acquisition of three-dimensional data, processing, rebuilding and visual calculation amount is larger, testing cost is high, industrial components surpass
Sound 3 dimension imaging technology and application are but rarely reported.
Virtual instrument LabVIEW is a kind of virtual instrument platform that National Instruments are developed based on G language.It is mentioned
Data acquisition, analysis and storage library function abundant are supplied.Using the structural block diagram construction procedures code of graphic model, have straight
The features such as pattern development environment of sight, powerful data processing function, visual display function abundant.Based on LabVIEW
Platform development virtual instrument and analyzing software system have that short development cycle, beautiful interface, using flexible, scalability be strong, interface
The advantages that numerous, has been widely used in the teaching and scientific research and technical research of institution of higher learning, scientific research institutions.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of nondestructive measurement material internal lamellar defect
The supersonic damage-free detection method of three-dimensional spatial distribution.To reduce the development cycle of three-dimensional imaging data acquisition time, system and grinding
Cost is sent out, the invention proposes the three-dimensional imaging data acquisition method for being directed to material internal lamellar defect and data reconstruction sides
Method, and it is directed to based on Development of Virtual Instrument the three-dimensional imaging software of spring flat steel Inner Defect Testing.The software can
Seamless interfacing is carried out with the detection device developed based on virtual instrument, constitutes ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging equipment.Meanwhile the invention is also explained
The specific steps for implementing this method have been stated, and have been demonstrated with special case.
The present invention comprises the following specific steps that:
1. the ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging method of lamellar defect includes three dimensional data collection method and data reconstruction method.Including
Following specific steps:
1) demixing scan is carried out to test object using ultrasonic immersed focus C-scan method, extracts the Full wave shape of each scanning slice
Ultrasonic A sweep signal.Sweep spacing is configured by ultrasound detection sound beam focusing area height.
The measurement method of focal zone height is as follows:
2) adjustment probe makes bottom reflection wave amplitude highest, and focus is gathered in sample bottom surface at this time, can measure the reality of probe
Water mid-focal length.
3) adjustment probe moves down, and bottom reflection wave amplitude drops to the 90% of highest amplitude, if the upper end Jiao Qu at this time
Intersect with bottom surface, the depth L of record probe water distance and acoustic beam focus in the sampleU；Adjustment probe moves up, bottorm echo
The lower end 90%, Jiao Qu that amplitude drops to highest reflection wave amplitude is intersected with bottom surface, and record probe water distance and focus are in the sample
Depth LL.Then, LU-LLFor Jiao Qu height.
4) layering C-scan being carried out to test object, every layer height is equal to Jiao Qu height, and acoustic beam focus is gathered in the middle part of each layer,
Acquire the Full wave shape Ultrasonic C-Scan data of each layer.
Data reconstruction method, it is characterised in that the all-wave graphic data windowing process to acquisition, the arteries and veins within the scope of search window
Wave crest is rushed, and calculates its three-dimensional coordinate as defective locations, the three-dimensional coordinate of the pulse wave crest is defect three-dimensional coordinate.Specifically
Steps are as follows:
5) window width is set by focal position and burnt area's range, window height slightly above detects signal noise amplitude.Only
Have in window width and the signal beyond window height participates in the search of pulse wave crest.
6) the pulse wave crest for including in above-mentioned window is searched for, pulse wave crest is defect reflection pulse.According to pulse wave crest
It is depth of defect that arrival time, which calculates pulse wave crest depth, calculates the position in detection faces of popping one's head at this time according to sweep parameter, it may be assumed that
Position of the defect on the face x-y.
7) three-dimensional location coordinates of all defect position are reassembled as three-dimensional array, three-dimensional array is projected to three-dimensional space
Coordinate is the 3-D image for obtaining defect.
8) based on the above-mentioned data reconstruction method of virtual instrument technology three-dimensional imaging software realization.Three-dimensional imaging software
Interface includes: that data importing is imaged with window setting area, sweep parameter setting area, defect three-dimensional imaging area, layering two dimension C-scan
Area.
2. three-dimensional imaging software described in is designed exploitation based on the LabVIEW exploitation environment of virtual instrument, the software
Specific steps are as follows:
1) it is imported in data and area is set with window, setting three-dimensional data storage path imports three-dimensional data and reference wave；It presses
Window is arranged to determine the effective range of individual-layer data, window width and position and demixing scan position and thickness one in reference wave
It causes, window height should be slightly above detection noise average amplitude.
2) area is arranged in sweep parameter, and the stepping length and sampling interval, signal sampling rate, material sound of scanning motion is arranged
Speed.
3) 3-D image viewing area, the distributed in three dimensions of display defect, compatible various visual angles.
4) it is layered two-dimentional C-scan imaging area, shows the chromatography C-scan image of any depth so as to precise measurement target defect
Size.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 three dimensional data collection method
The area Tu2Jiao height measurement method
Fig. 3 three-dimensional data reconstructing method
Fig. 4 three-dimensional imaging software front panel
The three-dimensional imaging figure of Fig. 5 natural flaw sample；
Fig. 6 natural flaw sample chromatographs C-scan figure in the depths 7mm；
The section metallographic microscope of defect f in Fig. 7 natural flaw sample
Specific implementation method:
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and implementation special case, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further described.
(1) three-dimensional imaging data acquisition method
Ultrasonic immersed focus method can make probe move freely above test object and keep uniform good acoustical coupling
Can, it is the key data acquisition mode of automatically scanning imaging.It is influenced by acoustic beam interference and acoustic lens spherical aberration, focused beam energy
It not focuses on a bit, but forms the higher focal zone of energy near focal point, can keep preferable in the focal zone
Detection accuracy and detection sensitivity.The present invention is based on water immersion focusing methods to carry out layering C-scan data acquisition to test block.Fig. 1 is aobvious
Show: setting and be divided into d between demixing scan, when probe is located at position 1,2,3, focal zone be covered each by test object a layer region,
B layer region and c layer region；Probe does C-scan movement in position 1,2,3 respectively and acquires data point by point, can be realized to inspection
Survey being completely covered for object.Demixing scan interval d can determine that demixing scan interval is three dimensional data collection according to focal zone
Critical issue, be spaced it is excessive will lead to missing inspection, too small, cause efficiency too low.
The present invention measures focal zone by test method, and setting layering C-scan interval d accordingly.Adjustment probe height
So that bottom reflection wave amplitude highest, focus is gathered in sample bottom surface at this time.It can measure and be popped one's head at this time away from sample upper surface distance (water
Away from: H), focus is away from sample upper surface distance L (depth of focus), it is known that: longitudinal wave velocity C in water1, longitudinal wave velocity C in sample2, then
The practical water mid-focal length F of probe can be measured according to formula (1).
As shown in Fig. 2, adjustment probe height makes to reflect wave amplitude highest, sound beam focusing is detected at this time in test object bottom
Face, when probe moves down, bottom reflection wave amplitude drops to the 90% of highest amplitude, if the upper end Jiao Qu and bottom surface phase at this time
It hands over, records water distance H at this timeUAnd depth of focus L is calculated according to formula (1)U(such as position Fig. 1 2)；When probe moves up, bottom reflection
Wave amplitude drops to the 90% of highest reflection wave amplitude, if the lower end Jiao Qu is intersected with bottom surface at this time, records water distance HLAnd according to formula (1)
Calculate depth of focus L at this timeL, (such as position Fig. 1 3).Then focal zone height and demixing scan thickness d are expressed as follows:
D=LU-LL (2)
(2) three-dimensional imaging data reconstructs
Windowing process is carried out to the C-scan data of each layer, to interior in window width range (time domain scale) and amplitude is more than
The time-domain signal of window height carries out pulse peak search, and the pulse wave crest searched is considered as defect reflection pulse.Pass through
Pulse wave crest depth can be calculated in pulse wave crest time-domain position, it may be assumed that the z-axis coordinate (depth coordinate) of defect；Joined according to C-scan
Number calculates the position (x, y-axis coordinate) of detection probe when collecting the pulse wave crest, as position of the defect in detection faces (face x, y)
Set coordinate.Distributed in three dimensions position (x, y, z) coordinate of defect can be obtained according to the above method, data reconstruction process is as shown in Figure 3.
Window setting is the precondition of pulse wave crest (defect) search, therefore should be specifically noted that the width and height of window
It is whether suitable.Since the reflected impulse in every layer of scan data only in focal zone (with a thickness of in the stratification range of d) is effective, because
This window's position must, window width consistent with focal position should with layering interval d it is consistent.In addition, window height should be set as omiting
It is judged by accident higher than noise signal amplitude to avoid the interference of noise and defect, but window height is excessively high and will lead to defect missing inspection.
(3) programming of three-dimensional imaging data reconstruct is realized
The present invention is based on LabVIEW platform design and the software systems suitable for three-dimensional data reconstruct imaging are developed, it is soft
Part operation interface is as shown in the figure.Fig. 4 is the operation interface of three-dimensional imaging software, is divided into four major function areas, comprising: data are led
Enter and window setting area, sweep parameter setting area, three-dimensional imaging area, layering two-dimentional C-scan imaging area, each area's function and setting side
Details are as follows for formula:
1 --- data, which are imported, is arranged area with window, comprising: data importing (storage) path setting, reference wave is shown and window
Mouth setting.Waveform display window shows reference waveform, and the window's position, width is arranged with yellow reference line by the red on reference wave
Degree, window height then pass through the corresponding amplitude of input and are configured, and only the impulse waveform in window ranges can just be used for three-dimensional
Imaging.
2 --- sweep parameter setting area is for being arranged scanning information (stepping length and sampling interval), signal sampling rate, material
Expect the velocity of sound.Defect can be calculated in the position coordinates of x-y plane (plane of scanning motion) by scanning information, and the position in the direction z is then by believing
Number sample rate and acoustic velocity of material calculate.
3 --- defect three-dimensional imaging area is used for the distributed in three dimensions image of display defect, and three-dimensional coordinate is provided that x-y is flat
Face is C-scan plane, and the direction z is depth (thickness) direction of test object.In addition, various visual angles and projection is arranged, so as to complete
Observe internal flaw in orientation.
4 --- two-dimentional C-scan imaging area is layered for display defect in the distribution of test object different depth, is actually
The C-scan image of each deep defects can accurately measure defect in the size of x-y plane by the image.
Special case implements and verifying
An implementation special case is given to verify to the above method and software, in invention, to the layer in spring flat steel
Sheet is mingled with carry out 3-D supersonic imaging.Alloy spring steel is widely used in automobile, railway, heavy-duty machinery, military project, waits each
Field is one of important rolling shapes of the development of the national economy.The main harm for influencing spring flat steel mechanical property is lamellar
Inclusion defect, such defect is in flat lamellar and is parallel to band steel surface, therefore can use three-dimensional proposed by the present invention
Ultrasonic imaging method measures the distribution of such inclusion defect.
Spring flat steel sample is having a size of 22*22*16mm.By burnt region measurement method measurement Jiao Qu height and layering interval d=
5.9mm, therefore need to only carry out C-scan three times for the sample of 16mm thickness and can be obtained the three-dimensional imaging data of through thickness range；
That is: focus is set to spring flat steel internal depth respectively is that the position 3mm, 9mm, 15mm carries out layering water immersion focusing C-scan number
According to acquisition.
It will test data and import imaging software progress three-dimensional imaging.Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional imaging figure of natural flaw sample, three-dimensional
Several main defects are denoted as a~h in image, and each depth of defect is as shown in table 1.Defect is also shown in Fig. 5 in x-y plane
Projection, g defect can be clearly indicated from the perspective view of x-y plane and is made of several discontinuous small defects such as g1, g2；Figure
6 for natural flaw sample 7mm depth chromatography C-scan figure, can clear display defect f C-scan image, by cutting white in figure
It is 1.2mm (measuring from the blue border of defect image) that line, which measures flaw size,；Since defect c depth is 7.5mm, absciss layer analysis is deep
Spend it is close, therefore in Fig. 6 also can obscure show the defect.In addition, C-scan precision is chromatographed for further analysis, by white line in Fig. 6
The section metallographic microscope (Fig. 7) of defect f in natural flaw sample can be obtained in cutting sample；Fig. 7 metallographic microscope display defect f is that length is
The flat defect of 1.15mm has preferable consistency with the measurement result of two dimension chromatography C-scan image.This method can be realized
The lossless three-dimension distribution and detection of band steel middle layer platelet defect.
1 each depth of defect (mm) of table
| Defect number | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |
| Depth | 7.74 | 7.88 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 7.7 |
Claims (2)
1. a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging detection method of lamellar defect distribution, which is characterized in that including three dimensional data collection side
Method and data reconstruction method；Three dimensional data collection method comprises the following specific steps that:
(1) demixing scan is carried out to test object using ultrasonic immersed focus C-scan method, extracts the Full wave shape ultrasound of each scanning slice
A sweep signal, sweep spacing are configured by ultrasound detection sound beam focusing area height；
The measurement method of focal zone height is as follows:
(2) adjustment probe makes bottom reflection wave amplitude highest, and focus is gathered in sample bottom surface at this time, can be measured in the practical water of probe
Focal length；
(3) adjustment probe moves down, and bottom reflection wave amplitude drops to the 90% of highest amplitude, if the upper end Jiao Qu and bottom at this time
Face intersection, the depth L of record probe water distance and acoustic beam focus in the sampleU；Adjustment probe moves up, bottom reflection wave amplitude
The lower end 90%, Jiao Qu for dropping to highest reflection wave amplitude is intersected with bottom surface, the depth of record probe water distance and focus in the sample
Spend LL；Then, LU-LLFor Jiao Qu height；
(4) layering C-scan is carried out to test object, every layer height is equal to Jiao Qu height, and acoustic beam focus is gathered in the middle part of each layer, acquisition
The Full wave shape Ultrasonic C-Scan data of each layer；
Data reconstruction method, the Full wave shape Ultrasonic C-Scan data windowing process to acquisition, the impulse wave within the scope of search window
Peak, and its three-dimensional coordinate is calculated as defective locations, the three-dimensional coordinate of the pulse wave crest is defect three-dimensional coordinate；Specific steps
It is as follows:
(5) window width is set by focal position and burnt area's range, window height slightly above detects signal noise amplitude, only exists
In window width and the signal beyond window height participates in the search of pulse wave crest；
(6) the pulse wave crest for including in above-mentioned window is searched for, pulse wave crest is defect reflection pulse, is reached according to pulse wave crest
It is depth of defect that time, which calculates pulse wave crest depth z, calculates the position on the face detection faces x-y of popping one's head at this time according to sweep parameter,
That is: position of the defect on the face x-y；
(7) all defect position coordinates (x, y, z) are reassembled as three-dimensional array, three-dimensional array is projected to three dimensional space coordinate i.e.
Obtain the 3-D image of defect；
(8) based on the above-mentioned data reconstruction method of virtual instrument technology three-dimensional imaging software realization, three-dimensional imaging software circle
Face includes: that data importing is imaged with window setting area, sweep parameter setting area, defect three-dimensional imaging area, layering two dimension C-scan
Area.
2. a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging detection method of lamellar defect distribution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The three-dimensional imaging software is designed exploitation, the concrete operations of the software based on the LabVIEW exploitation environment of virtual instrument
Steps are as follows:
(1) it is imported in data and area is set with window, setting three-dimensional data storage path imports three-dimensional data and reference wave；By base
Window is arranged to determine the effective range of individual-layer data in quasi wave, and window width and position are consistent with demixing scan position and thickness,
Window height should be slightly above detection noise average amplitude；
(2) area is arranged in sweep parameter, and the stepping length and sampling interval, signal sampling rate, acoustic velocity of material of scanning motion is arranged；
(3) 3-D image viewing area, the distributed in three dimensions of display defect, compatible various visual angles；
(4) it is layered two-dimentional C-scan imaging area, shows the chromatography C-scan image of any depth so as to precise measurement target defect ruler
It is very little.
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