CN107389793A - A kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389793A CN107389793A CN201710546179.4A CN201710546179A CN107389793A CN 107389793 A CN107389793 A CN 107389793A CN 201710546179 A CN201710546179 A CN 201710546179A CN 107389793 A CN107389793 A CN 107389793A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method based on algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm, and step is as follows：One：From porous Al alloy, piezoelectric transducer uses square array Column Layout；Two：Using sine wave exciting signal；Three：For piezoelectric transducer network topology and the signal characteristic quantity chosen, with ART tomoscan algorithm, damage is imaged；Four：Damage reason location imaging is carried out by the coefficient correlation for analyzing Lamb wave；Five：Mean filter processing is employed, the value of original pixel is substituted with the average of template, tries to achieve final pixel value；Pass through above step, the layout optimization and signal monitoring that the present invention passes through piezoelectric transducer, gather different piezoelectric transducers and characteristic parameter is extracted by signal transacting, energy quantitatively characterizing goes out the corrosion damage degree of porous Al alloy component, and solving can be to the function of the real-time monitoring of the corrosion damage of aluminium alloy structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method, and it is related to one kind and changed based on algebraically
For the aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method of algorithm for reconstructing, and in particular to one kind is calculated based on algebraically iterative approximation
The aluminium alloy loose structure corrosion damage monitoring method of method (ART), belongs to structural health monitoring technology field.
Background technology
Structural health monitoring technology integrated use sensor technology, signal processing and analyzing technology etc., to the reality of structure
Border situation is monitored in real time, and important references are provided for the security, reliability and durability of large-scale key structure.Based on orchid
The Non-Destructive Testing of nurse ripple is more and more used in monitoring structural health conditions because its economy has a wide range of applications.
Algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm (ART) has been widely used in medical computer tomoscan (CT), and this patent quotes it
In the hole side corrosion damage imaging of porous Al alloy plate.When porous Al alloy plate has hole side corrosion damage, needed for acquisition
Waveform, and Treatment Analysis is carried out to it with suitably Data Management Analysis method, so as to extract damage characteristic, and passes through generation
The positional information that number reconstruction method (Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques, ART) is damaged, realizes base
In the porous Al alloy structure hole side corrosion damage study on monitoring of CT principles.
The content of the invention
(1) purpose
The problem of this patent is difficult in real time effectively monitoring for aerolite loose structure hole side corrosion damage, it is proposed that
A kind of porous Al alloy structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method based on algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm, i.e., based on tomoscan
Porous Al alloy structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method.This patent in loose structure Peripheral-array, is entered using piezoelectric transducer
Row signal encourages and collection, and using advanced signal processing method and signal analysis method extraction signature of damage, it is final right
Hole marginal rot erosion is positioned and quantified.
(2) technical scheme
The present invention is directed to the monitoring of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage, mainly real by algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm
Now to the real-time monitoring of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage.
A kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side of the invention corrosion damage monitoring method, i.e., it is a kind of to be calculated based on algebraically iterative approximation
The aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method of method, specifically comprises the following steps to realize：
Step 1：
The selection of material aluminium alloy of the present invention, trade mark Al-2024-T3, there are 6 hole positions in aluminium alloy structure, its geometry
Size is as shown in Figure 2；The piezoelectric transducer of Steminc companies of the U.S., and using square array Column Layout；Wherein, in every side cloth
Four piezoelectric transducers are put, 16 piezoelectric transducers constitute 96 paths altogether, as shown in Figure 3.Present invention employs a hair
The one piezoelectric transducer transmitting-receiving mode received；Because it encourages and received the both sides that piezoelectric transducer is distributed in test zone, have
The interference of less border reflected signal, so the receipts layout of a hair one can be more sensitive to remote damage；
Step 2：
Present invention employs the sine wave exciting signal of 120kHz centre frequency, the Lamb wave received i.e. Lamb wave is
One kind of multiple simultaneous dispersion waves of pattern, analyze in the present invention for antisymmetry ripple (A0)；
Step 3：
For piezoelectric transducer network topology and the signal characteristic quantity chosen, with based on algebraic reconstruction iteration (ART)
Tomoscan algorithm；Tomoscan algorithm principle based on algebraic reconstruction iteration (ART) is that the region to be detected of plate is uniform
Divide network；The method that piezoelectric transducer is received using a hair one, each piezoelectric transducer is respectively as transmitting and receiving point；Pressure
The Lamb wave of electric transducer transmitting is passed through from each grid, the attenuation factor value imaging in each grid；When sheet material is intact
When falling into, the attenuation coefficient in each grid is essentially identical, and when existing defects, the attenuation coefficient in fault location grid is different from nothing
The attenuation coefficient of fault location, based on principles above, damage is imaged in this way；
It is ART algorithms, it is necessary to which the characteristics of being monitored according to corrosion damage, enters to iterative algorithm for algebraic reconstruction iterative algorithm
Row optimization, includes the selection of iterations, the end condition judged based on semiconvergent；
Step 4：
The present invention manufactures corrosion damage using the hole edge area of hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion porous Al alloy plate, when corrosion is damaged
When hindering on the path that Lamb wave is propagated, the phase and amplitude of signal direct wave is that coefficient correlation is changed；
The present invention carries out damage reason location imaging by analyzing the coefficient correlation of Lamb wave；The amplitude of Lamb wave is 5V, amplification
Multiple is that 10, ART algorithm iteration numbers elect 10 as；
Step 5：
In order that imaging results are more smooth, experiment employs mean filter processing, for each pending current
Grid, a template can be all selected, the template is formed by its several neighbouring grid, and preimage is substituted with the average of template
The value of element, its formula are
In formula, M is the grid and the grid sum around it, and f (x, y) is that s is all in the pixel value of xth row y row
Grid, g (x, y) is the final pixel value tried to achieve；
Experiment imaging damage reason location result is consistent with actual damage position, experiment results proved this damage positioning method energy
Accurately orient two damages.
Wherein, " piezoelectric transducer of Steminc companies of the U.S. " described in step 1, it refers to SMD07T05R412WL
Piezoceramic disc, its design parameter are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Wherein, " pumping signal " described in step 2, it refers to the selection for pumping signal, and piezoelectric transducer swashs
Encourage signal to be produced by arbitrarily signal generating device, signal can be described by following expression formula：
In formula, fcFor the centre frequency of signal, N is the crest number of signal, and A is the amplitude of signal, and H (t) is Heaviside
Step function.
Wherein, " the ART algorithms " described in step 3 refers to algebraically reconstruction iteration algorithm, and the ART algorithms are this technology necks
The algorithms most in use in domain；Its specific practice is as follows：
Whole imaging method is to solve the static indeterminacy equation shown in an equation below,
Ax=b
In formula, A represents to need the true form of detection zone, and x is detection imaging results, and b is A projection；
If biIt is pad value of i-th ray Jing Guo tested region, then has formula：
In formula, X (s) is attenuation coefficient；If X (s) is constant on j-th of grid, LijIt is i-th ray in j-th of net
Physical length in lattice；
The propagation path of Lamb wave is actual be exactly in each grid each bar ray it is actual walk length Lij；The LijSolve
Concrete thought：
(1) using the grid upper left corner as origin, reference axis is established, each grid point coordinates and piezoelectric transducer coordinate are, it is known that pressure
Electric transducer number is m；
(2) linear equation of the ray is established according to the coordinate for launching and receiving piezoelectric transducer, obtain straight line with it is each
The intersection point of grid；
(3) latter point and the distance of previous point are solved, you can obtain Lij；
Then there is formula：
bi=ΣjLijxj
In formula, LijThe matrix of composition turns into A matrixes；The equation finally solved：
M is the bar number of ray in formula, and n is the quantity of grid；Algebraic reconstruction iterative algorithm
Above equation is solved using ART algebraic reconstructions iterative algorithm, basic thought is first to provide an initial estimateThen basisObtain first approximation projection valueFurther according toTry to achieve reprojection's valueSuch as
This continues, and stops after meeting preparatory condition, formula is as follows：
xK, 0=xk,
xk+1=xK, m
In formula, λkFor coefficient of relaxation, it act as controlling the change of each iteration of variable, the main convergence for influenceing iteration
Speed；λkBetween zero and one, it is worth, and smaller representative iteration change twice is smaller, and so calculating is stable, but calculates for general value
Speed is slow；Fig. 4 is illustrated in coefficient of relaxation λkAn iteration of x when=1；
By above step, for porous Al alloy harden structure, pass through the layout optimization and signal of multiple piezoelectric transducers
Monitoring, gather different piezoelectric transducers and characteristic parameter is extracted by signal transacting, energy quantitatively characterizing goes out porous Al alloy component
Corrosion damage degree, solving can be to the function of the real-time monitoring of the corrosion damage of aluminium alloy structure.
(3) advantages of the present invention
The invention provides a kind of monitoring side of the aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage of algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm
Method.This method selects piezoelectric transducer network topology, pumping signal is chosen, after final development experiment by choice experiment material
Be imaged by algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm, corrosion damage be monitored with this, corrosion area is carried out positioning and
Quantitative, quantitative result is more accurate, and corrosion damage area relative error is no more than 20%.And by being contrasted with experiment original image
Confirm the validity of the method.This patent has the features such as accuracy is high, and analyze speed is fast.This patent is by the calculation of tomoscan
Method uses innovative point of the aerolite loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring for this patent.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a)：Piezoelectric transducer left view schematic diagram
Fig. 1 (b)：Piezoelectric transducer front view schematic diagram
Fig. 2：Aluminium alloy loose structure dimensional drawing
Fig. 3：Piezo-electric sensor signals path profile
Fig. 4：Monitoring method figure
Fig. 5：ART algorithm schematic diagrames
Fig. 6：Corrosion health signal and damage signal based on hydrofluoric acid solution
Fig. 7：Piezoelectric transducer layout
Fig. 8：The method of the invention flow chart
Embodiment
A kind of aluminium alloy structure corrosion damage monitoring method based on algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8,
Its specific implementation step is as follows：
Step 1：
This patent the selection of material Al-2024-T3, its density, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are respectively 2.78g/cm3,
73.1GPa 0.33.It is dimensioned to 500mm*500mm*2mm.There is 6 a diameter of 10mm hole among aluminium alloy plate, its chi
It is very little as shown in Figure 2.
This patent selects the piezoelectric transducer of Steminc companies of the U.S..Size and outward appearance such as Fig. 1 institutes of piezoelectric transducer
Show.
This patent according to the geometric properties of aluminum alloy materials and piezoelectric transducer to be measured, from linear array, rectangular array,
Rectangular array is selected in circular array and parallel array.Fig. 7 is the square array Column Layout of piezoelectric transducer.Wherein, on every side
Four piezoelectric transducers are arranged, 16 piezoelectric transducers as shown in Figure 3 constitute 96 paths altogether.
Step 2：
Transmitting-receiving mode for piezoelectric transducer, can be divided into two classes at present：Pulse-echo (pulse-echo) be laid out and
One hair one receives (pitch-catch) layout.It is laid out for pulse-echo, excitation piezoelectric transducer and reception piezoelectric transducer must
Need be in the homonymy of test zone.Because the interference of the superposition of border reflected signal, this layout is not suitable for remote
Detection damage.And receive and be laid out for a hair one, because its excitation and reception piezoelectric transducer are distributed in the both sides of test zone, meeting
There is the interference of less border reflected signal, so the receipts layout of a hair one can be more sensitive to remote damage.This patent uses
The mode that one hair one is received.
The Lamb wave received is the simultaneous dispersion wave of one kind of multiple patterns.This patent analysis for antisymmetry ripple
(A0)。
Step 3：
For piezoelectric transducer network topology and the signal characteristic quantity chosen, with based on algebraic reconstruction iteration (ART)
Tomoscan algorithm.
Tomoscan algorithm principle based on algebraic reconstruction iterative algorithm (ART) is as shown in figure 5, be by the area to be detected of plate
Domain uniformly divides network, such as the grid in Fig. 4.Piezoelectric transducer is received using a hair one, and each piezoelectric transducer is made respectively
For transmitting and receiving point.The Lamb wave of piezoelectric transducer transmitting is passed through from each grid, according to the attenuation coefficient in each grid
Value imaging.When sheet material zero defect, the attenuation coefficient in each grid is essentially identical, when existing defects, in fault location grid
Attenuation coefficient be different from attenuation coefficient at zero defect, based on principles above, damage is imaged.
For ART algorithms, it is necessary to which the characteristics of being monitored according to corrosion damage, optimizes to iterative algorithm, including iteration time
Several selections, the end condition judged based on semiconvergent.
Step 4：
This patent corrodes aluminium alloy plate to manufacture corrosion damage using hydrofluoric acid solution.Fig. 6 gives two groups of typical hydrogen
The test result that fluoric acid corrosion damage influences on Lamb wave transmitting signal.The contrast of health and damage signal can from Fig. 6
Go out, when corrosion damage is on the path that Lamb wave is propagated, the phase of signal direct wave is changed.
The piezoelectric transducer layout of experiment is as shown in fig. 7, be square layout, totally 16 piezoelectric transducers.Sample and pressure
Electric transducer is consistent with the material that this research is intended using.Signal phase change of this patent by analyzing Lamb wave, which damage, to be determined
Position imaging.Lamb is the sinusoidal modulation wave in five cycles, and centre frequency is respectively 100kHz, amplitude 5V, multiplication factor 10,
ART algorithm iteration numbers elect 10 as.
Step 5：
In order that imaging results are more smooth, experiment employs mean filter processing, for each pending current
Grid, a template can be all selected, the template is formed by its several neighbouring grid, and preimage is substituted with the average of template
The value of element.Its formula is
In formula, M is the grid and the grid sum around it, and f (x, y) is that s is all in the pixel value of xth row y row
Grid, g (x, y) is the final pixel value tried to achieve.
Damage is placed in during experiment the hole side of the lower right in surveyed region.Experiment imaging damage reason location result and actual damage
Position is consistent.
Damaged for two holes side, this damage positioning method of experiment results proved can accurately orient two damages.
By Analytical Laboratory Results, the effective of the aluminium alloy monitoring method based on tomoscan that is proposed is demonstrated
Property.
The application verification of aluminium alloy structure corrosion damage monitoring based on tomoscan is to be directed to aluminium alloy plate structure, is passed through
The layout optimization and signal monitoring of multiple piezoelectric transducers, gather different piezoelectric transducers and feature is extracted by signal transacting and join
Number, quantitatively characterizing go out the hole side corrosion damage degree of porous Al alloy component, with reference to the analysis result of this patent corrosion damage, tested
Demonstrate,prove the efficiency and applicability of proposed method.
Wherein, " piezoelectric transducer of Steminc companies of the U.S. " described in step 1, it refers to SMD07T05R412WL
Piezoceramic disc, its design parameter are as shown in table 1.
Table 2
Wherein, " pumping signal " described in step 2, it refers to the selection for pumping signal, and piezoelectric transducer swashs
Encourage signal to be produced by arbitrarily signal generating device, signal can be described by following expression formula：
In formula, fcFor the centre frequency of signal, N is the crest number of signal, and A is the amplitude of signal, and H (t) is Heaviside
Step function.
Wherein, " the ART algorithms " described in step 3 refers to algebraically reconstruction iteration algorithm,
Whole imaging method is to solve the static indeterminacy equation shown in an equation below,
Ax=b
In formula, A represents to need the true form of detection zone, and x is detection imaging results, and b is A projection.
If biIt is pad value of i-th ray Jing Guo tested region, then has formula：
In formula, X (s) is attenuation coefficient.If X (s) is constant on j-th of grid, LijIt is i-th ray in j-th of net
Physical length in lattice.
The propagation path of Lamb wave is actual be exactly in each grid each bar ray it is actual walk length Lij.The specific think of solved
Road：
(1) using the grid upper left corner as origin, reference axis is established, each grid point coordinates and piezoelectric transducer coordinate are, it is known that pressure
Electric transducer number is m.
(2) linear equation of the ray is established according to the coordinate for launching and receiving piezoelectric transducer, obtain straight line with it is each
The intersection point of grid.
(3) latter point and the distance of previous point are solved, you can obtain Lij。
Then there is formula：
bi=ΣjLijxj
In formula, LijThe matrix of composition turns into A matrixes.The equation finally solved：
M is the bar number of ray in formula, and n is the quantity of grid.
Above equation is solved using ART algebraic reconstruction techniques, basic thought is first to provide an initial estimate
Then basisObtain first approximation projection valueFurther according toTry to achieve reprojection's valueSo continue, until meeting
Stop after preparatory condition.Formula is as follows：
xK, 0=xk,
xk+1=xK, m
In formula, λkFor coefficient of relaxation, it act as controlling the change of each iteration of variable, the main convergence for influenceing iteration
Speed.λkBetween zero and one, it is worth, and smaller representative iteration change twice is smaller, and so calculating is stable, but calculates for general value
Speed is slow.Fig. 4 is illustrated in coefficient of relaxation λkAn iteration of x when=1.
By above step, the application verification of the aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring based on tomoscan is
For aluminium alloy plate loose structure, by the layout optimization and signal monitoring of multiple piezoelectric transducers, different piezoelectric sensings are gathered
Device simultaneously extracts characteristic parameter by signal transacting, and quantitatively characterizing goes out the hole side corrosion damage degree of porous Al alloy component, with reference to
The analysis result of this patent corrosion damage, verify the efficiency and applicability of proposed method.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method, i.e., a kind of aluminium based on algebraically iterative reconstruction algorithm closes
Golden loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method, it is characterised in that：Following steps are realized：
Step 1：
The selection of material aluminium alloy of the present invention, there are 6 hole positions in aluminium alloy structure, piezoelectric transducer uses quadrate array cloth
Office；Wherein, four piezoelectric transducers are arranged on every side, 16 piezoelectric transducers constitute 96 paths altogether, using a hair one
The piezoelectric transducer transmitting-receiving mode of receipts；
Step 2：
Present invention employs the sine wave exciting signal of 120kHz centre frequency, the Lamb wave received i.e. Lamb wave is a kind of
The simultaneous dispersion wave of various modes, analyze in the present invention for antisymmetry ripple i.e. A0；
Step 3：
For piezoelectric transducer network topology and the signal characteristic quantity chosen, with the tomography for based on algebraic reconstruction iteration being ART
Scanning algorithm；It is uniformly to divide in the region to be detected of plate based on the tomoscan algorithm principle that algebraic reconstruction iteration is ART
Network；The method that piezoelectric transducer is received using a hair one, each piezoelectric transducer is respectively as transmitting and receiving point；Piezoelectricity passes
The Lamb wave of sensor transmitting is passed through from each grid, the attenuation factor value imaging in each grid；When sheet material zero defect,
Attenuation coefficient in each grid is identical, and when existing defects, the attenuation coefficient in fault location grid is different from zero defect
Attenuation coefficient, damage is imaged in this way；
It is ART algorithms for algebraic reconstruction iterative algorithm, it is necessary to which the characteristics of being monitored according to corrosion damage, is carried out excellent to iterative algorithm
Change, include the selection of iterations, the end condition judged based on semiconvergent；
Step 4：
The present invention manufactures corrosion damage using the hole edge area of hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion porous Al alloy plate, when corrosion damage exists
When on the path that Lamb wave is propagated, the phase and amplitude of signal direct wave is that coefficient correlation is changed；
The present invention carries out damage reason location imaging by analyzing the coefficient correlation of Lamb wave；The amplitude of Lamb wave is 5V, multiplication factor
10 are elected as 10, ART algorithm iteration numbers；
Step 5：
In order that imaging results are more smooth, experiment employs mean filter processing, for each pending current grid,
A template will be selected, the template is formed by its neighbouring predetermined grid, and original pixel is substituted with the average of template
Value, its formula are
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In formula, M is the grid and the grid sum around it, and f (x, y) is that s is all nets in the pixel value of xth row y row
Lattice, g (x, y) are the final pixel value tried to achieve；
Experiment imaging damage reason location result is consistent with actual damage position, and this damage positioning method of experiment results proved can be accurate
Orient two damages；
By above step, for porous Al alloy harden structure, supervised by the layout optimization and signal of a plurality of piezoelectric transducers
Survey, gather different piezoelectric transducers and characteristic parameter is extracted by signal transacting, energy quantitatively characterizing goes out porous Al alloy component
Corrosion damage degree, solving can be to the function of the real-time monitoring of the corrosion damage of aluminium alloy structure.
2. a kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method according to claim 1, i.e., a kind of to be based on generation
The aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method of number iterative reconstruction algorithm, it is characterised in that：
" piezoelectric transducer " described in step 1, it refers to the SMD07T05R412WL piezoelectricity pottery of Steminc companies of the U.S.
Porcelain disk, its design parameter are as shown in table 1；
Table 1
3. a kind of aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method according to claim 1, i.e., a kind of to be based on generation
The aluminium alloy loose structure hole side corrosion damage monitoring method of number iterative reconstruction algorithm, it is characterised in that：
" pumping signal " described in step 2, it refers to the selection for pumping signal, the pumping signal of piezoelectric transducer
Produced by arbitrarily signal generating device, signal is described by following expression formula：
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Function.
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