CN117191948A - Ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on virtual source - Google Patents
Ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on virtual source Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on a virtual source. The invention has the technical effects that the invention can improve the amplitude of imaging signals, improve the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio and defect omission in surface leakage wave long-distance detection, reduce the total matrix data volume, improve the detection efficiency and resolution, realize the high-efficiency and high-quality defect imaging of the surface or near-surface defects of parts, and provide a non-contact and high-quality nondestructive detection means for the surface or near-surface defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on a virtual source.
Background
In the manufacturing and service processes of the mechanical parts, defects may be generated on the surfaces or near surfaces of the mechanical parts, if the defects cannot be detected in time and measures are taken, the parts are invalid, the working stability and reliability of the mechanical equipment are seriously affected, and even safety accidents are caused. The surface leakage wave can adopt non-contact detection, is easier to realize automatic and high-precision defect nondestructive detection, and is widely applied to surface defect detection and material performance evaluation, but the energy of the traditional surface leakage wave detection method is reduced when the propagation distance of a sound beam is increased, so that the detection resolution is reduced, and even the energy is missed.
The invention provides an ultrasonic surface leakage wave full-focusing imaging method based on a virtual source, which adopts a phased array virtual source array technology to reduce the emission data quantity of sound beams and improve the energy of sound sources, improves the signal to noise ratio of imaging, and combines the surface leakage wave full-focusing imaging method to obtain a high-efficiency surface defect image. Aiming at noise appearing in an imaging result, based on a coherent summation principle, an amplitude coherence factor is obtained, self-adaptive weighting is carried out on the sound field amplitude, imaging noise is reduced, imaging resolution is further improved, and efficient high-quality defect imaging on the surface or near-surface defects of a part is realized. Provides a high-efficiency and accurate water immersion ultrasonic detection method for detecting surface or near-surface defects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of poor imaging quality, large attenuation of acoustic beam energy and the like existing in the traditional surface leakage wave detection using a single-chip transducer, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic surface leakage wave full-focusing imaging method based on a virtual source, and has the advantages of high imaging signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on the virtual source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: constructing the virtual source array generates a phased array leaky surface wave.
Step 2: and scanning the surface of the test block by using a virtual source full matrix capturing method and collecting full matrix data.
Step 3: and (3) superposing and calculating the full matrix data by adopting a full-focus imaging algorithm to obtain the full-focus imaging signal amplitude.
Step 4: and adding a coherence factor to weight the amplitude of the full-focus imaging signal, so as to realize ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focus imaging based on a virtual source.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, taking a plane where an imaging point P (X, Z) of a target of a tested block is located as a reference, establishing a coordinate system Oxz, wherein a coordinate origin is positioned at the center of an acoustic wave incidence array, taking a scanning direction during detection as an X axis and a detection direction as a Z axis, and simulating a single virtual source by applying certain delay to each array element of a phased array transducer; the transmission array element i (x) can be calculated by combining the velocity relation i 0) to virtual source v (x) v ,z v ) The time delay between them can be expressed as a delay time calculation formula.
Where c is the propagation medium sound velocity, (x v ,z v ) Representing the position of the virtual source, the position of the transmitting element is (x i ,0)；
S12, exciting a plurality of groups of related array elements through the delay method, and simulating a plurality of virtual sources below the actual array to form a virtual source array.
S13, generating a phased array leaky surface wave based on the virtual source array; placing the tested block in a water tank of a four-axis motion controlled water immersion ultrasonic detection device, exciting a phased array probe according to the delay time, radiating sound waves into water at a certain angle, and when the angle of incidence theta of the sound waves is based on virtual source delay time excitation p1 Greater than secondAnd when the critical angle is reached, the transmitted longitudinal wave and transverse wave are mixed and overlapped on the surface of the workpiece, the mode conversion is carried out to form a surface leakage wave, and each virtual source in the virtual source array sequentially radiates sound waves to generate the surface leakage wave to scan the surface of the test block.
The specific process of the step 2 is as follows:
combining n array elements and applying the delay, focusing a virtual source which is positioned in the normal direction of the array element surface and is at a position which is 2d half of the effective aperture of the transducer face array, after each group of array element combination is excited, all 64 array elements receive echo data and store, and exciting the next group of array element combination until the 64 th array element is finally excited; if 1-n array elements are excited to simulate a virtual source, all array elements are received, and then 2-n+1 array elements are excited to be combined until the last array element is excited, executing (64-n+1) transmission sequences in total, collecting (64-n+1) x 64A wave signals in total, and using the A wave signals as matrix S 11 、S 12 、S 13 ...S vj ...S NN Storing the form of the data to obtain full matrix data; wherein the signal S vj Representing the signal received by the array element j transmitted by the virtual source v.
The specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
s31, calculating the transmission and receiving flight time required by the sound wave to propagate to the imaging point P (x, z) of the target on the surface of the tested block based on the Fermat theorem.
According to the Fermat's theorem, the beam always propagates along the path of least time, and it can be determined that the beam propagates from the v-th virtual source to the refractive point x t 、x r The propagation distance to the target imaging point P (x, z) is then propagated to obtain the time of flight.
Specifically, the acoustic wave is generated by a virtual source v (x v ,z v ) The time of flight to the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the time of flight of the acoustic wave reflected back to the phased array element j by the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the total propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is thus obtained as follows:
wherein the virtual source position coordinates are (x v D), the actual array receiving array element coordinates are (x j ,0)。c p1 And c r2 Respectively, the sound velocity of longitudinal wave in water and the sound velocity of surface leakage wave of the test block, wherein H represents the inclination distance from the center of an energy array element to the surface of the test block, and x t 、x r Representing the abscissa of the refraction point of the transmitted and received beams at the interface, respectively.
S32, performing superposition calculation by adopting a full-focusing algorithm aiming at the acquired full-matrix data to obtain full-focusing imaging signal amplitude values as follows:
t is in v Representing the time of flight, t, of an acoustic wave propagating from a v-th virtual source to an imaging point P (x, z) j For the time of flight received by the sound wave from the reflection of the target imaging point to the jth actual array element, V represents the number of virtual sources and N is the total number of phased array elements.
The specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
and (3) performing coherent weighting on the drain surface wave full focusing imaging signal amplitude based on the virtual source finally obtained in the step (3) by applying a weighting function based on a Coherence Factor (CF), wherein the coherence factor is expressed as:
wherein, the numerator represents the coherent energy in the full focus imaging, and the denominator represents the total energy of the delay signal; obtaining a new imaging signal amplitude I' (x, z);
I'(x,z)＝I(x,z)CF(x,z)
in summary, the defect signal can be effectively extracted from the echo signal by adopting the method, and the image reconstruction is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides an ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on a virtual source, which realizes detection imaging of surface or near-surface defects of a part, combines the virtual source and the full-focusing method to enable a detection echo to have higher amplitude information, solves the problems of energy attenuation, diffusion and the like existing in leaky surface wave detection, carries out coherent weighting on imaging signals, can reduce imaging errors and improves imaging signal to noise ratio. The whole scheme of the invention improves the detection efficiency and imaging resolution, and provides a high-efficiency and accurate water immersion ultrasonic detection method for detecting surface or near-surface defects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic leaky surface wave full focus detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection region;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a virtual source delay simulation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of virtual source full matrix data capture;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the result of ultrasonic leaky surface wave full focusing imaging based on a virtual source.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The ultrasonic detection experimental system of the invention comprises: the device comprises a computer, a phased array detection device, a water immersion phased array probe, a motion control device and a detected test block, and is shown in fig. 1. 45 steel is adopted as a test block material, and a detection target area is 27 multiplied by 20mm 2 The defects were diagonally aligned holes of 1mm diameter as shown in FIG. 2. Performing ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging based on a virtual source on a target imaging area, comprising the following steps of:
step 1: constructing the virtual source array generates a phased array leaky surface wave. As shown in fig. 4, a coordinate system Oxz is established with reference to a plane where an imaging point P (X, Z) of a target of a block to be tested is located, and a coordinate origin is located at the center of an acoustic wave incident array, and a scanning direction during detection is taken as an X axis and a detection direction is taken as a Z axis. As shown in fig. 3, 8 array element combinations are selected to simulate a virtual source, and a delay is applied to each array element so that the virtual source is located below the array, and the delay time calculation formula can be expressed as follows:
where c is the propagation medium sound velocity, (x v ,z v ) Representing the position of the virtual source, the position of the transmitting element is (x i ,0). And exciting a plurality of groups of related array elements through the delay rule, and simulating a plurality of virtual sources below the actual array to form a virtual source array. Propagation velocity c of longitudinal wave in water p1 Propagation velocity c of surface wave leaking in 45 steel of 1480m/s r2 For 2956m/s, the second critical angles of 45 steel are calculated to be 29.68 degrees respectively, longitudinal waves are radiated into water at an incident angle of 31 degrees, and when the incident angle theta of the sound wave is excited based on the virtual source delay time p1 When the angle is larger than the second critical angle, the transmitted longitudinal wave and transverse wave are mixed and overlapped on the surface of the workpiece, modal conversion is carried out to form surface leakage wave, and each virtual source in the virtual source array sequentially radiates sound waves to generate surface leakage wave to scan the surface of the test block.
Step 2: and scanning the surface of the test block and collecting full matrix data by using a phased array leaky surface wave full matrix capturing method based on a virtual source. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a phased array virtual source full matrix data capture, wherein the phased array probe has array elements of 64, a center frequency of 5MHz, an array element width of 1.2mm, a center distance of 1.5mm, an array element spacing of 0.5mm, a sampling point number of 2688, a sampling frequency of 62.5MHz, n array elements combined and the delay applied, a virtual source focused, positioned in the array surface normal direction and 2mm from the transducer face array, is first excited by 1-n array elements to simulate the virtual source, all array elements are received, and then excited by 2-n+1 array elements are combined until finally the array elements are combinedThe excitation is carried out for (64-n+1) transmission sequences, and (64-n+1) x 64A wave signals are collected in total and are arranged in a matrix S 11 、S 12 、S 13 ...S vj ...S NN Storing the form of the data to obtain full matrix data; wherein the signal S vj Representing the signal received by the array element j transmitted by the virtual source v.
Step 3: and (3) superposing and calculating the full matrix data by adopting a full-focus imaging algorithm to obtain the full-focus imaging signal amplitude. Calculating the transmission and reception flight time required by the sound wave to propagate to the imaging point P (x, z) of the target on the surface of the tested block based on the Fermat theorem;
according to the Fermat's theorem, the beam always propagates along the path of least time, and it can be determined that the beam propagates from the v-th virtual source to the refractive point x t 、x r The propagation distance to the target imaging point P (x, z) is then propagated to obtain the time of flight.
Specifically, the acoustic wave is generated by a virtual source v (x v ,z v ) The time of flight to the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the time of flight of the acoustic wave reflected back to the phased array element j by the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the total propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is thus obtained as follows:
wherein the virtual source position coordinates are (x v D), the actual array receiving array element coordinates are (x j ,0). H represents the inclination distance from the center of the energy element to the surface of the test block, and x t 、x r Representing refraction of transmitted and received beams at the interface, respectivelyAnd the abscissa of the point.
S32, performing superposition calculation by adopting a full-focusing algorithm aiming at the acquired full-matrix data to obtain full-focusing imaging signal amplitude values as follows:
t is in v Representing the time of flight, t, of an acoustic wave propagating from a v-th virtual source to an imaging point P (x, z) j For the time of flight received by the sound wave from the reflection of the target imaging point to the jth actual array element, V represents the number of virtual sources and N is the total number of phased array elements.
Step 4: and (3) performing coherent weighting on the drain surface wave full focusing imaging signal amplitude based on the virtual source finally obtained in the step (3) by applying a weighting function based on a Coherence Factor (CF), wherein the coherence factor is expressed as:
wherein, the numerator represents the coherent energy in the full focus imaging, and the denominator represents the total energy of the delay signal; obtaining a new imaging signal amplitude I' (x, z);
I'(x,z)＝I(x,z)CF(x,z)
in summary, the defect signal can be effectively extracted from the echo signal by adopting the method, and the image reconstruction is realized.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result of a surface acoustic wave leakage perfect focusing algorithm based on a virtual source, and from the schematic diagram of the imaging result, the imaging resolution and the defect identification capability are strong, and the outline shape of the defect is accurate.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any person skilled in the art may make several changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments using the method and the technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the present invention, and it is intended that such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. The ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focusing imaging method based on the virtual source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: constructing a virtual source array to generate a phased array surface leakage wave;
step 2: scanning the surface of the test block by using a virtual source full matrix capturing method and collecting full matrix data;
step 3: overlapping and calculating the full matrix data by adopting a full-focus imaging algorithm to obtain a full-focus imaging signal amplitude;
step 4: and adding a coherence factor to weight the amplitude of the full-focus imaging signal, so as to realize ultrasonic leaky surface wave full-focus imaging based on a virtual source.
2. The method for ultrasonic leaky surface wave full focusing imaging based on virtual source as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 1 specifically comprises:
s11, taking a plane where an imaging point P (X, Z) of a target of a tested block is located as a reference, establishing a coordinate system Oxz, wherein a coordinate origin is positioned at the center of an acoustic wave incidence array, taking a scanning direction during detection as an X axis and a detection direction as a Z axis, and simulating a single virtual source by applying certain delay to each array element of a phased array transducer; the transmission array element i (x) can be calculated by combining the velocity relation i 0) to virtual source v (x) v ,z v ) The time delay between them can be expressed as:
where c is the propagation medium sound velocity, (x v ,z v ) Representing the position of the virtual source, the position of the transmitting element is (x i ,0)；
S12, exciting a plurality of groups of related array elements through the delay rule, and simulating a plurality of virtual sources below an actual array to form a virtual source array;
s13, baseGenerating a phased array leaky surface wave at the virtual source array; placing the tested block in a water tank of a four-axis motion controlled water immersion ultrasonic detection device, exciting a phased array probe according to the delay time, radiating sound waves into water at a certain angle, and when the angle of incidence theta of the sound waves is based on virtual source delay time excitation p1 When the angle is larger than the second critical angle, the transmitted longitudinal wave and transverse wave are mixed and overlapped on the surface of the workpiece, modal conversion is carried out to form surface leakage wave, and each virtual source in the virtual source array sequentially radiates sound waves to generate surface leakage wave to scan the surface of the test block.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 2 is specifically:
combining n array elements and applying the delay, focusing a virtual source which is positioned in the normal direction of the array element surface and is at a position which is 2d half of the effective aperture of the transducer face array, after each group of array element combination is excited, all 64 array elements receive echo data and store, and exciting the next group of array element combination until the 64 th array element is finally excited; if 1-n array elements are excited to simulate a virtual source, all array elements are received, and then 2-n+1 array elements are excited to be combined until the last array element is excited, executing (64-n+1) transmission sequences in total, collecting (64-n+1) x 64A wave signals in total, and using the A wave signals as matrix S 11 、S 12 、S 13 ...S vj ...S NN Storing the form of the data to obtain full matrix data; wherein the signal S vj Representing the signal received by the array element j transmitted by the virtual source v.
4. The method for ultrasonic leaky surface wave full focusing imaging based on virtual source as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 3 specifically comprises:
s31, calculating the transmission and reception flight time required by the sound wave to propagate to the imaging point P (x, z) of the target on the surface of the tested block based on the Fermat theorem;
according to the Fermat's theorem, the beam always follows the shortest path of time required to determine the propagation of the beam from the v-th virtual source to refractionPoint x t 、x r The propagation distance to the target imaging point P (x, z) is propagated again, and the flight time is obtained;
specifically, the acoustic wave is generated by a virtual source v (x v ,z v ) The time of flight to the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the time of flight of the acoustic wave reflected back to the phased array element j by the target imaging point can be expressed as:
the total propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is thus obtained as follows:
wherein the virtual source position coordinates are (x v D), the actual array receiving array element coordinates are (x j ,0)，c p1 And c r2 Respectively, the sound velocity of longitudinal wave in water and the sound velocity of surface leakage wave of the test block, wherein H represents the inclination distance from the center of an energy array element to the surface of the test block, and x t 、x r Respectively representing the abscissa of refraction points of the emitted and received sound beams at the interface;
s32, performing superposition calculation by adopting a full-focusing algorithm aiming at the acquired full-matrix data to obtain full-focusing imaging signal amplitude values as follows:
t is in v Representing the time of flight, t, of an acoustic wave propagating from a v-th virtual source to an imaging point P (x, z) j For the time of flight received by the j-th actual array element from reflection of the sound wave from the target imaging point, V tableThe number of virtual sources is shown, and N is the total number of phased array elements.
5. The method of virtual source-based ultrasonic leaky surface wave full focusing imaging as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 4 specifically comprises:
and (3) performing coherent weighting on the drain surface wave full focusing imaging signal amplitude based on the virtual source finally obtained in the step (3) by applying a weighting function based on a Coherence Factor (CF), wherein the coherence factor is expressed as:
wherein, the numerator represents the coherent energy in the full focus imaging, and the denominator represents the total energy of the delay signal; obtaining a new imaging signal amplitude I' (x, z);
I'(x,z)＝I(x,z)CF(x,z)
in summary, the defect signal can be effectively extracted from the echo signal by adopting the method, and the image reconstruction is realized.
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| CN117554493A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Method, equipment and medium for detecting near-surface defects of metal material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117554493A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Method, equipment and medium for detecting near-surface defects of metal material |
| CN117554493B (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-02 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Method, equipment and medium for detecting near-surface defects of metal material |
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