CN105699492B - A kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN105699492B CN105699492B CN201410708232.2A CN201410708232A CN105699492B CN 105699492 B CN105699492 B CN 105699492B CN 201410708232 A CN201410708232 A CN 201410708232A CN 105699492 B CN105699492 B CN 105699492B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic imaging methods for weld seam detection, the ultrasonic imaging method of the present invention detects situation for welding line ultrasonic phased array, individually emit the echo data of ultrasonic wave successively using full array acquisition each array element, and carry out pixel point-by-point focusing imaging, to obtain the echo strength corresponding to each pixel, improve the image quality of weld seam detection and the sensitivity to the small-sized defects detection in weld seam, it is further ensured that the Performance And Reliability of the Ultrasonic NDT of weld seam, avoids the accident brought because weld seam welding quality is unqualified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ultrasonic non-destructive inspection techniques field of weld seam more particularly to it is a kind of for weld seam detection ultrasound at
Image space method.
Background technology
In recent years, application of the ultrasound in the field non-destructive testing (NDT) is more and more extensive, for weld seam, is generally divided into and is based on
The traditional detection method of single-chip energy converter and ultrasonic imaging method based on array.The former includes diffraction time difference method and pulse again
Bounce technique etc..
Ultrasonic wave diffraction time difference method is a kind of by the diffraction obtained at weld seam internal structure " end angle " and " endpoint "
Energy is come the method for detecting defect, detecting, quantify and positioning for defect.Using diffraction time difference of arrival technique to defect in the middle part of weld seam
Quantitative, quantitative accuracy is significantly larger than pulse reflection method ultrasound examination.And based on the Ultrasonic NDT of array relative to biography
The main advantage of the Ultrasonic NDT using single-chip energy converter of system is：The inclined of acoustic beam can be controlled by electronic system
Turn and focus, and then acoustic beam can be controlled and be scanned along specific region, to improve detection speed and image quality, finally
Keep the quantitative and positioning of defect more intuitive, quick and accurate.
Traditional array ultrasonic is imaged on the coupled modes between phased array probe and measurand interface, generally comprises
It is coupled using couplant direct-coupling or by placing voussoir.The former is mainly detected using longitudinal wave；And works as and adopt
When with voussoir being that tapered wedges are coupled, cross can may be used in this way to change the direction of propagation and the conversion wave mode of acoustic beam
Wave, which detects those, directly to place the weld seam of phased array probe on surface or surface, and Beamforming Method is superimposed by delay
Defect area is imaged.In imaging process, the method using focus transmitting and reception point-by-point focusing main at present, with
Improve imaging effect.But the transmitting that focuses often causes imaging resolution to decline.Ultrasonic phase array detection for weld seam, by
Especially close in imaging region, the acoustic wave diffraction problem that the transmitting band that focuses has been further exacerbated by the decline of imaging resolution, from
And reduce the sensitivity of small-sized defects detection.
As shown in the above, for the phased array ultrasonic detection of weld seam, image quality is required further improvement, to ensure
The reliability of ultrasonic phase array weld seam non-destructive testing is reduced because of the unqualified accident brought of weld seam welding quality.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention in order to solve quantitative existing for above-mentioned existing weld joint ultrasound detection method and position not
Accurately, detection speed is not high, or the technical problem low to the imaging resolution of defect area, and the present invention provides a kind of for weld seam
The ultrasonic imaging method of detection, is different from above-mentioned traditional ultrasonic imaging method, and the present invention is directed to the particularity of weld seam detection, adopts
Involve multiple reflection joint-detection with through, uses and emitted successively with single array element, full aperture gathered data, to each imaging point
All realize that transmitting-receiving focuses.And it for the situation for generating shear wave using tapered wedges, is precisely calculated each array element and is passed by tapered wedges
The delay of test point is cast to, and is imaged point by point, the physical size in conjunction with weld seam and position carry out automatic identification and mark,
To improve sensitivity and the efficiency to the small-sized defects detection in weld seam.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection, including it is following
Step：
Position of the step 1) according to the shape, size and weld seam of workpiece for measurement on workpiece is popped one's head in conjunction with ultrasonic phase array
Geometric dimension, determine ultrasonic phase array probe position, the wave mode of ultrasonic wave, the echo times of detection and object detection area
Areas imaging；
Step 2) by step 1) determine areas imaging by mesh generation at several pixels, with the center of each pixel
Position coordinates of the coordinate as focus point；
Step 3) is placed according to the position of the ultrasound phase-control probe determined in step 1) and is popped one's head in, every in excitation ultrasound phased array
One array element individually emits ultrasonic wave successively, and receives the echo-signal of the ultrasonic wave simultaneously using whole array elements；
Step 4) is gathered the echo-signal obtained in step 3) according to the relative position of each array element and pixel point by point
Burnt imaging obtains the echo strength corresponding to each pixel；
Step 5) is normalized, log-compressed, dynamic according to the corresponding echo strength of each pixel obtained in step 4)
Ultrasound detection image is obtained after scope limitation processing；
Step 6) is according to the position of the ultrasonic phase array probe determined in step 1), the wave mode of ultrasonic wave and target detection area
The areas imaging in domain is located at the welded seam area in the ultrasound detection image obtained in step 5), with true by geometric position label
Determine the defects of welded seam area image and shows.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the point-by-point focusing imaging process in the step 4) specifically wraps
Include following steps：
The echo-signal is filtered by step 401)；
Step 402) records the transmission path for the ultrasonic wave that each array element individually emits successively, and is individually connect by each array element
Receive the RX path of the echo-signal of the ultrasonic wave；
Step 403) according to the transmission path for obtaining the ultrasonic wave that each array element individually emits successively in step 402), and
The RX path of its corresponding echo-signal calculates transmission delay；
Step 404), will be corresponding with the transmission delay through step according to the transmission delay being calculated in step 403)
401) filtered echo-signal carries out coherent superposition, and obtains the corresponding echo strength of each pixel after taking envelope.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the wave mode of the ultrasonic wave is shear wave or longitudinal wave.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, ultrasonic phase array probe is attached at the workpiece close to weld seam
Surface, or it is attached at the side for the tapered wedges for ultrasonic transmission being equipped with, the other side of the tapered wedges is contacted with workpiece surface,
The tapered wedges realize shape transformation for changing the direction of propagation of ultrasonic wave and by interfacial refraction.
A kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection of the present invention is：
The present invention detects situation for welding line ultrasonic phased array, and using full array acquisition, each array element individually emits successively
The echo data of ultrasonic wave, and carry out pixel point-by-point focusing imaging and carried to obtain the echo strength corresponding to each pixel
The high image quality of weld seam detection and the sensitivity to the small-sized defects detection in weld seam, are further ensured that the ultrasonic nothing of weld seam
The Performance And Reliability for damaging detection, avoids because of the accident that weld seam welding quality is unqualified and brings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic imaging method flow chart for weld seam detection in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the geometric representation for docking V-weld detection into andante plate using tapered wedges.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the plate plate docking V-weld in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the imaging geometry schematic diagram that weld seam detection is carried out using tapered wedges.
Fig. 5 is full array acquisition each array element independent correspondence figure of the echo-signal of transmitting ultrasonic wave successively.
Fig. 6 is the imaging that defects detection is carried out using the ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection in the embodiment of the present invention
As a result.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection of the present invention is carried out with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
It is described in detail.
A kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection of the present invention, the ultrasonic imaging method include：
Position of the step 1) according to the shape, size and weld seam of workpiece for measurement on workpiece is popped one's head in conjunction with ultrasonic phase array
Geometric dimension, determine ultrasonic phase array probe position, the wave mode of ultrasonic wave, the echo times of detection and object detection area
Areas imaging；When being detected to workpiece weld seam using ultrasonic phase array, due to wide by workpiece shapes and size, acoustic beam
The influence of degree, near-field interference, the detection many factors such as environment is needed to select the popping one's head in of supersonic sounding according to actual conditions, be determined
Detect the order of reflection of the geometry back wave of the wave mode, detecting location, scanning mode and the use that use.And according to workpiece shapes and
The relative position of size, probe detection position and weld seam is may further determine that again using direct wave or using back wave several times
Carry out ultrasonic imaging.
Step 2) by step 1) determine areas imaging by mesh generation at several pixels, with the center of each pixel
Position coordinates of the coordinate as focus point；
Step 3) is placed according to the position of the ultrasonic phase array probe determined in step 1) and is popped one's head in, in excitation ultrasound phased array
Each array element individually emits ultrasonic wave successively, and receives the echo-signal of the ultrasonic wave simultaneously using whole array elements.
Step 4) is gathered the echo-signal obtained in step 3) according to the relative position of each array element and pixel point by point
Burnt imaging obtains the echo strength corresponding to each pixel；
Step 5) is normalized, log-compressed and dynamic according to the corresponding echo strength of each pixel obtained in step 4)
Ultrasound detection image is obtained after the processing of state scope limitation.
Step 6) is according to the position of the ultrasonic phase array probe determined in step 1), the wave mode of ultrasonic wave and target detection area
The areas imaging in domain is located at the welded seam area in the ultrasound detection image obtained in step 5), with true by geometric position label
Determine the defects of welded seam area image and shows.
Based on above-mentioned ultrasonic imaging method, as shown in Figure 1, to be a kind of for the super of weld seam detection in the embodiment of the present invention
Acoustic array imaging method flow, the ultrasonic imaging method include the following steps：
Step 1) is popped one's head according to the position of the shape, size and weld seam of workpiece for measurement on workpiece in conjunction with ultrasonic phase array
Geometric dimension, determine ultrasound phase-control probe placement location, for detection ultrasonic wave characteristic and object detection area
Areas imaging.Order of reflection of the characteristic of the ultrasonic wave comprising wave mode (shear wave or longitudinal wave), ultrasonic wave.
Due to the limitation of detectable position, sometimes can by directly by phased array probe using being detected in the way of longitudinal wave,
Ultrasonic phase array probe is often placed on face of weld nearby or surface and or is positioned over the workpiece surface of weld seam offside at this time
Equal positions；Sometimes shear wave mode may be used to be detected, need to put between ultrasonic phase array probe and measurand at this time
Tapered wedges are set, to change the direction of propagation of acoustic beam and realize shape transformation by interfacial refraction, shear wave detection may be used in this way
Those can not place the weld seam that ultrasonic phase array probe is detected directly on workpiece.
When upper and lower surface all out-of-flatnesses of weld seam or directly on workpiece, placement ultrasonic phase array probe can not be to weld seam
When being detected, tapered wedges can be selected and carry out weld seam detection using ultrasonic transverse wave.According to the shape of workpiece, geometric dimension and
The relative position of weld seam and ultrasound phase-control probe clearly uses direct wave or multiple reflection, and hard objectives detection zone
Areas imaging.As shown in Fig. 2, the upper and lower surface due to weld seam is all uneven, probe cannot be directly placed；And in weld seam side
When directly placing probe on workpiece surface, due to the limitation of acoustic beam scanning angle, possibly entire section of weld joint can not be swept
It looks into, therefore selects to place tapered wedges between ultrasonic phase array probe and measured workpiece here, to change the direction of propagation of acoustic beam
Shear wave is converted to by the longitudinal wave of probe transmitting.Since direct wave cannot still be welded to entire plate plate docking V-butt in scanning completely
Section is stitched, therefore selection is used in combination direct wave and primary reflection and carries out scanning to weld seam.Wherein, plate plate docks V-butt
The structure of weld seam is as shown in Figure 3.
Step 2), by the areas imaging of the object detection area determined in step 1) by mesh generation at several pixels,
As shown in Figure 4.The centre coordinate of each pixel is by the position coordinates as focus point.
Step 3) is placed tapered wedges and probe according to the position of the ultrasound phase-control probe determined in step 1), is recorded any
Transmitting --- it is g to corresponding echo-signal to receive array element combinationi,j(t), specific operation process is as shown in Figure 5.I.e. excitation is super
Each array element individually emits ultrasonic wave successively in sound phased array, and with whole array elements while receiving returning for the ultrasonic wave when receiving
Wave signal obtains all transmittings --- array element combination is received to corresponding echo-signal.
Step 4), in the areas imaging of object detection area, according to the position of array element and pixel, to the hair
Penetrate --- it receives array element combination and point-by-point focusing imaging is carried out to corresponding echo-signal, obtain returning corresponding to each pixel
Intensity of wave.
Point-by-point focusing imaging process in the step 4) specifically includes following steps：
Step 401) is to any transmitting --- array element combination is received to corresponding echo-signal gi,j(t) it carries out
It is filtered, obtains filtered echo-signal hi,j(t)；
Step 402) determines that ultrasonic wave by array element i transmittings as shown in Figure 4, occurs in tapered wedges and measurand interface
Refraction, then it is scattered source P (xpn,zpn) scattering, finally by the array element j transmission paths received and RX path；
Step 403) calculates transmission according to the transmission path and RX path by array element i to j obtained in step 402) and prolongs
When tij；
Step 404) is as shown in figure 4, according to any pixel point P (x in the target area to weld seam to be detectedpn,zpn) institute
The transmission delay being calculated, will be corresponding with the transmission delay through the filtered echo-signal coherent superposition of step 401), and
The echo strength corresponding to the pixel is obtained after taking envelope.
In above-mentioned steps 403, determines and ultrasonic wave is to determine by the transmission path of array element i to j and the key of RX path
Tapered wedges and the incidence point Q on measurand interface in such as Fig. 4ti(xbi,zbi) and Qrj(xbj,zbj) location parameter.Enter
The position of exit point, from ray acoustics angle, can be established equation according to snell law and carry out in conjunction with the coordinate system established
It solves.For incidence point Qti(xbi,zbi), solution procedure is as follows：
Establish equation：
Wherein, c1And c2The velocity of sound that ultrasonic wave is propagated in tapered wedges and measurand, x are indicated respectivelyiAnd ziIndicate array element
The position coordinates of i, xpnAnd zpnIndicate the position coordinates of any pixel point P.Since the interface of voussoir and measurand is known
Curved surface, if surface equation is：Z=f (x, y), since the corresponding equivalent incidence point of each array element is located in xoz planes,
It can be obtained according to the surface equation of actual voussoir and measurand：
zbi=f (xbi,0) (2)
(2) formula is substituted into (1) formula, only x in (1) formulabiFor unknown parameter, other are known parameters.
When voussoir and the interface of measurand are plane, and establish coordinate system, interface is located exactly in xoz planes
When, zbi=0, i.e., situation as shown in Figure 4.Aforesaid equation (1) can be asked using analytic method, numerical method or iterative method
Solution, by x after solutionbi(2) formula of substitution determines point Qti(xbi,zbi) specific location coordinate.Incidence can similarly be calculated
Point Qrj(xbj,zbi) position coordinates.
The incidence point Q obtained using aforesaid equation (1)ti(xbi,zbi) and Qrj(xbj,zbj) position coordinates, further
Calculate transmission delay tij, specific as follows：
tij=ti+tj (3)
Utilize the above-mentioned any pixel point P (x being calculatedpn,zpn) corresponding to transmission delay tij, will prolong with the transmission
When the corresponding analytic signal coherent superposition through the filtered echo-signal of step 401), and take envelope, following formula can be passed through
(6) the echo strength result corresponding to the pixel is calculated：
Step 5) is post-processed and is shown to the echo strength I of each pixel, i.e., according to each picture obtained in step 4)
The corresponding echo strength of element is normalized, obtains ultrasound detection image after log-compressed and dynamic range limitation processing.
Step 6), the wave mode and target detection of the placement location, ultrasonic wave popped one's head according to the ultrasound phase-control that step 1) determines
The areas imaging in region, the weld seam correlation zone being located at by geometric position label in the ultrasound detection image obtained in step 5)
Domain, to which the defects of detection zone image be identified, to recognize the corresponding image-region of defect image.As shown in fig. 6,
Marked in figure weld seam range and a mirror image (multiple mirror image can be marked), in detection zone and its neighbouring image
It is identified and handles, the direct wave and primary reflection that can obtain the detection zone internal flaw are imaged, by face of weld
Primary reflection imaging caused by rough and " chevron echo " imaging results caused by welding angle, to effectively
The defect imaging inside the false defect imaging and weld seam of various weld seams is distinguished.
Situation is detected for welding line ultrasonic phased array, each array element individually emits ultrasonic wave successively using full array acquisition
Echo-signal, and carry out pixel point-by-point focusing imaging through tapered wedges, it is strong to obtain echo corresponding to each pixel
Degree, using the present invention imaging method the weld defect of weld seam is detected, relative to traditional use focus transmitting and
For the detection for receiving the method for point-by-point focusing, image quality is improved, improve the resolution ratio of detection and small-sized defect is examined
The sensitivity of survey.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, to the technical side of the present invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Right in.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ultrasonic imaging method for weld seam detection, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic imaging method includes：
Position of the step 1) according to the shape, size and weld seam of workpiece for measurement on workpiece is popped one's head in several in conjunction with ultrasonic phase array
What size, determine the position of ultrasonic phase array probe, the wave mode of ultrasonic wave, the echo times of detection and object detection area at
As range；
Step 2) by step 1) determine areas imaging by mesh generation at several pixels, with the centre coordinate of each pixel
Position coordinates as focus point；
Step 3) is placed according to the position of the ultrasonic phase array probe determined in step 1) and is popped one's head in, each in excitation ultrasound phased array
A array element individually emits ultrasonic wave successively, and receives the echo-signal of the ultrasonic wave simultaneously using whole array elements；
Step 4) according to the relative position of each array element and pixel, by the echo-signal obtained in step 3) carry out point-by-point focusing at
As processing, the echo strength corresponding to each pixel is obtained；
Step 5) is normalized, log-compressed and dynamic model according to the corresponding echo strength of each pixel obtained in step 4)
Ultrasound detection image is obtained after enclosing limitation processing；
Step 6) is according to the position of the ultrasonic phase array probe determined in step 1), the wave mode of ultrasonic wave and object detection area
Areas imaging is located at the welded seam area in the ultrasound detection image obtained in step 5) by geometric position label, is welded with determining
The defects of seam region image is simultaneously shown.
2. the ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 1 for weld seam detection, which is characterized in that in the step 4)
Point-by-point focusing imaging includes：
The echo-signal is filtered by step 401)；
Step 402) determines the transmission path for the ultrasonic wave that each array element individually emits successively, and individually being received by each array element should
The RX path of the echo-signal of ultrasonic wave；
Step 403) is according to the transmission path that obtains the ultrasonic wave that each array element individually emits successively in step 402) and its right
The RX path for the echo-signal answered calculates transmission delay；
Step 404) corresponding with the transmission delay will be filtered according to the transmission delay being calculated in step 403) through step 401)
Echo-signal coherent superposition after wave, and obtain the echo strength corresponding to each pixel after taking envelope.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wave mode of the ultrasonic wave is shear wave or longitudinal wave.
4. the ultrasonic imaging method according to claim 1 for weld seam detection, which is characterized in that the ultrasound phase-control
Battle array probe is attached at the workpiece surface close to weld seam, or is attached at the side for the tapered wedges for ultrasonic transmission being equipped with, this is tiltedly
The other side of voussoir is contacted with workpiece surface, the tapered wedges for changing ultrasonic wave the direction of propagation and pass through interfacial refraction
Realize shape transformation.
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| CN106383171A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 广东汕头超声电子股份有限公司 | Transverse wave full-focus ultrasonic imaging detection method for crack defect of steel plate weld |
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| CN109283250B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-12-01 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Quantitative evaluation method for well wall defects based on cylindrical surface ultrasonic phased array |
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| CN108931575A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-12-04 | 李志国 | A kind of the three-D ultrasonic nondestructive detection system and method for automatic positioning imaging |
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| CN109142527B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Defect positioning method for ultrasonic phased array weld joint detection |
| CN109212032B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-11-26 | 福州大学 | Interface type defect detection method based on improved multi-reflection full-focus imaging algorithm |
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| CN109828028B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-30 | 烟台中凯检测科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system and qualitative method |
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| CN110554089B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2022-04-01 | 西安特种设备检验检测院 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for detecting welding joint |
| CN110988143A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第二工程有限公司 | Tunnel concrete segment defect detection method and device |
| CN111044569B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-01-24 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第二工程有限公司 | Tunnel concrete structure defect detection method |
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| CN1136663A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-27 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Reflectoscope and method for gear weld seam |
| CN101832973A (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-15 | 上海船舶工艺研究所 | Ultrasonic testing process of marine steel-welding joint phased array |
| JP5732807B2 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2015-06-10 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Manufacturing method of high carbon ERW steel pipe |
| CN103018334B (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2015-06-10 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Ultrasonic imaging detecting method of mushroom type root part of blades of steam turbine and phased array energy transduction device |
| CN103175900B (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of phased-array non-destructive inspection device and system |
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