CN110609083A - Method for detecting internal defects of thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on ultrasonic phased array - Google Patents
Method for detecting internal defects of thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on ultrasonic phased array Download PDFInfo
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- CN110609083A CN110609083A CN201810618479.3A CN201810618479A CN110609083A CN 110609083 A CN110609083 A CN 110609083A CN 201810618479 A CN201810618479 A CN 201810618479A CN 110609083 A CN110609083 A CN 110609083A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting internal defects of a thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on an ultrasonic phased array, which comprises the following steps: 1) scanning the test piece by 100% to obtain an ultrasonic detection result graph of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece under the condition of simultaneously exciting 4, 8 and 16 wafers; 2) carrying out ultrasonic scanning on the thin woven laminated plate composite material in the transverse and longitudinal directions to obtain a detection diagram and obtain the optimal parameters of phased array setting; 3) obtaining an ultrasonic echo A scanning oscillogram, a B scanning image and a C scanning image under the optimal parameter setting condition; 4) quantitative analysis is carried out on the defect scanning image obtained by C scanning, and the result shows that the detection method can be used for nondestructive detection of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material and preliminary evaluation of the internal defects of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting internal defects of a sheet three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on an ultrasonic phased array, which is better than the prior art in the aspects of feasibility, specificity and accuracy, has better detection effect, and belongs to the field of nondestructive detection and mechanical engineering.
Background
The three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material is formed by laminating and pressing two or more layers of the same or different materials, has excellent interlayer performance, has obvious advantages in designability, integral formability and the like, has wide application in the aspects of aerospace, ships, automobiles, buildings, medical instruments and the like, has defects of products due to the existence of a plurality of human factors and instability of process quality in the forming process of the composite material, and has clear knowledge on the defects in the material in order to ensure the safety in the production and use processes. Therefore, in addition to using a rigorous process to avoid defects as much as possible, effective detection of defects is an important means to ensure reliable application of materials.
The problem of detecting the internal defects of the composite material is widely concerned in the field of nondestructive detection, and some difficulties exist at present: (1) for the special manufacturing process of the woven composite material, the anisotropy of the woven composite material has strong attenuation effect on ultrasonic detection, and different scanning results can be caused by different scanning directions; (2) for a thin test piece, a wedge block is needed during detection, and interference of secondary echoes of the bottom surface is easy to occur during scanning; (3) and when analyzing the defect detection result graph obtained by scanning, judging the true defect and the false defect correctly.
There are many methods for detecting internal defects of composite materials, but there are many disadvantages. Compared with automatic detection of an ultrasonic phased array, the traditional ultrasonic scanning detection is low in speed, inaccurate in defect positioning, low in detection sensitivity, complex in laser equipment, low in sensitivity and not suitable for light composite materials; acoustic emission requires a load to be applied to a test object, and the defect type is difficult to determine; x-ray equipment, low stability and unsafe radiation exposure.
In recent years, an automatic detection method of an ultrasonic phased array is widely applied to the aspect of detecting defects in a composite material, and an ultrasonic phased array transducer (probe) is developed based on the Wheatstone-Fresnel principle. It is composed of many independent array element wafers which can be excited individually, each wafer is called an array element, when they are excited by pulse signal with same frequency, the emitted sound wave is coherent wave, so that it can form stable ultrasonic field in space. The ultrasonic phased array detection method is to control the excitation sequence of each array element in the array sensor by using a computer technology, change the characteristics of ultrasonic beams, realize the focusing and deflection of the acoustic beams by controlling the synthesized acoustic beams, and complete the synthesis of phased array beams to form imaging scanning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for detecting internal defects of a sheet three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on an ultrasonic phased array.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector, a phased array probe, a wedge block, a 18m multiplied by 18m scanner and a coder to detect the defects of the test piece;
step 2: during detection, the wedge block is directly contacted with a test piece, water spraying coupling is carried out, and 100% scanning is carried out on the test piece. Moving a phased array probe on the surface of the three-dimensional woven composite material of the thin plate through a scanner to perform B scanning and C scanning, and firstly performing transverse and longitudinal scanning on a test piece to determine the setting parameters of the phased array;
and step 3: after obtaining the scanning image of the thin plate three-dimensional woven composite material under the optimal phased array parameter setting condition, displaying the obtained A, B, C scanning image through Tomoview 2.10 software and obtaining related information of the defect by moving a reference cursor and a measurement cursor.
And 4, step 4: in the ultrasonic nondestructive detection, the information such as the size, the property, the shape and the like of the defect is obtained by analyzing the waveform of an A scanning map obtained by scanning the ultrasonic phased array and the corresponding B scanning map and C scanning map.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can detect the defects in the test piece without damaging the structure of the test piece, thereby ensuring the integrity of the test piece. Compared with the prior art, the method is better in feasibility, specificity and accuracy, and can detect the defect of phi 2mm, which shows that the method has good detection effect.
In addition, for anisotropic test pieces, ultrasonic C-scan images can be well obtained; for thinner test pieces, interference of secondary echoes on the bottom surface can also be avoided by means of the wedge. The defect of phi 2mm can be detected, so that the invention has better detection result for the internal defect of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material of the thin plate.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the working principle of phased array ultrasound of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of defect detection;
FIG. 4(a) is a test piece of a three-dimensional woven laminate composite of the sheet of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a set up experimental platform of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a transverse scan of a test piece according to the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a longitudinal scan of a test piece according to the present invention;
table 1 shows the setting of the main detection parameters of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Firstly, an experimental platform is built, parameters of a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector are set, and 100% scanning is carried out on a sheet three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece.
The following describes a specific implementation process of the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Experimental Material
The invention adopts Omni Scan MX2 phased array ultrasonic flaw detector (32: 128 channels) and 5L64-NW1 phased array probe provided by Beijing Olympus Limited, vertical wedge blocks of SNM1-OL-WP5, a scanner of 18m multiplied by 18m and an encoder to detect the defects of a test piece. The number of probes is 64, the frequency is 5MHz, in order to realize good coupling, a coupling agent is uniformly smeared between the probe and a wedge block, a thin plate three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece is prepared in the research of composite materials of Tianjin university of industry, the size of the test piece is 344mm multiplied by 153mm multiplied by 2mm, the test piece and a built experimental platform are shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), parameter setting is completed in one step according to guide indication, and the setting of main detection parameters is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
2. Procedure of experiment
During detection, the wedge block is directly contacted with a test piece, water spraying coupling is carried out, and 100% scanning is carried out on the test piece. And moving the phased array probe on the surface of the three-dimensional woven composite material of the thin plate through a scanner to perform B scanning and C scanning, roughly scanning to determine the approximate position of the defect, and analyzing the size, the shape and the position of the defect according to the obtained image. In the scanning process, the test piece is scanned transversely (fig. 5(a)), then scanned longitudinally (fig. 5(b)), and the defect display images under the two conditions are compared according to the scanning result, so that the defect display at the same position is analyzed. In the detection process, a gate, a gain, a TCG curve and the like are also required to be adjusted according to specific conditions, the gate is arranged between an initial wave and a bottom wave in A scanning display, so that signals acquired by the gate are converted into corresponding C scanning images, and a scanning device is used for scanning 100% of a test piece to obtain a relatively clear detection image. After obtaining the scanned image of the three-dimensional woven composite material of the thin plate, the obtained A, B, C scanning image is displayed through Tomoview 2.10 software, and the related information of the defect is obtained by moving a reference cursor and a measuring cursor. In the ultrasonic nondestructive detection, the information such as the size, the property, the shape and the like of the defect is obtained by analyzing the waveform of an A scanning map obtained by scanning the ultrasonic phased array and the corresponding B scanning map and C scanning map.
In the experimental process, the factors influencing the phenomenon are judged by adjusting the setting parameters (the number of the primary excitation array elements, the focusing depth and the like) of the phased array equipment. The general composite material is isotropic in the plane direction, and in the manufacturing process of the woven composite material, the reinforcing fibers are distributed in the composite material in a spatial multi-direction mode, so that the fibers are made to have the characteristics of anisotropy and the like. The test pieces selected herein are therefore anisotropic in their state of appearance due to the difference in the weaving process during weaving. The scanning direction of the moving probe can change the waveform of the bottom wave, the transverse scanning image at the same position can see that the bottom wave is continuous when the probe is transversely placed for scanning, the bottom wave obtained by longitudinally placing for scanning is discrete, and the downward convex point of the surface wave just corresponds to the broken point of the bottom wave. Considering the working principle of the probe and the weaving process of the selected test piece, the main influence factors can be classified into two types: the focusing is realized by the arrangement of the probes; the second is the anisotropy of the material.
Through experimental analysis, when the ultrasonic phased array scanning is carried out on the tested test piece, a good imaging effect can be realized when 8 array elements of the probe are simultaneously excited, and finally, the defects are determined and quantitatively analyzed. Whether the defect exists can be judged by observing the obtained scanning image, the ultrasonic A scanning echo image, the ultrasonic C scanning image and the corresponding B scanning image, the position of a cursor in the C scanning image is moved in Tomoview software, and whether the defect is a true defect or a false defect can be determined by comprehensively referring to the change of the A scanning waveform and the amplitude.
The method for detecting the internal defects of the thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array is feasible, and can be used for better detecting the internal defects.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are described to assist those skilled in the art in practicing the invention. Further modifications and improvements may readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that the invention be limited only by the terms and scope of the appended claims, as including all alternatives and equivalents which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for detecting the internal defects of the thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array comprises the following steps:
step 1: scanning the test piece by 100% to obtain an ultrasonic detection result graph of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece under the condition of simultaneously exciting 4, 8 and 16 wafers;
step 2: carrying out ultrasonic scanning on the thin woven laminated plate composite material in the transverse and longitudinal directions to obtain a detection diagram and obtain the optimal parameters of phased array setting;
and step 3: obtaining an ultrasonic echo A scanning oscillogram, a B scanning image and a C scanning image under the optimal parameter setting condition;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out quantitative analysis on the defect scanning image obtained by C scanning.
2. The method for detecting the internal defects of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array is characterized in that in the step 1, when the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material is subjected to ultrasonic detection, 4, 8 and 16 wafers are respectively arranged to obtain an ultrasonic detection result image, and ultrasonic echo A scanning images, ultrasonic echo B scanning images and ultrasonic echo C scanning images obtained by scanning under different wafers are analyzed.
3. The method for detecting the internal defects of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array is characterized in that in the step 2, according to the anisotropy of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material, 100% ultrasonic scanning is carried out on the thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to obtain a detection graph, and the optimal setting parameters of the phased array in the detection are obtained by analyzing the comparison result graph.
4. The method for detecting the internal defects of the thin three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the test piece is scanned 100% transversely under the optimal conditions of parameters of phased array setting material sound velocity, rule configuration, focusing depth, wafer step pitch, sound wave type, scanning speed, encoder resolution, gate, gain and TCG curve, so as to obtain an ultrasonic echo A scanning waveform image, a B scanning image and a C scanning image.
5. The method for detecting the internal defects of the three-dimensional woven laminated plate composite material test piece based on the ultrasonic phased array is characterized in that in the step 4, C-scan images obtained by scanning are analyzed, the C-scan images with the defects are subjected to quantitative defect analysis, and the shape, size and property information of the defects are determined.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114594157A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-06-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method and device for electric fusion joint of polyethylene steel skeleton pipe |
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