CN109781671B - Transmission rate on-line test method and device - Google Patents
Transmission rate on-line test method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for on-line testing of transmissivity, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the transmissivity of a test sample is inconvenient to measure in a high-temperature state. The method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a conjugate reflecting surface, and respectively placing the sample and the detection assembly at a focus A and a focus B of the conjugate reflecting surface; 2) the detection light enters the sample at a set angle, reaches the conjugate reflecting surface after being transmitted by the sample, is reflected and converged to a focus B by the conjugate reflecting surface, and then enters the detection assembly; 3) measuring the transmission luminous flux and comparing with a blank experiment to obtain the transmissivity of the sample; 4) adjusting the temperature of the sample to realize different temperature/temperature rise rate conditions; and 3) repeating the step 3), and finally obtaining the transmissivity of the sample under different temperature/temperature rising rate conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material physical property testing, and relates to a method and a device for testing transmissivity on line.
Background
The transmittance of a material to light is one of the important parameters of interest in the study of the interaction of light with matter. At present, the measurement of the light transmittance of a material is mainly based on the principle of an integrating sphere. When the integrating sphere principle is used for measuring the light transmittance, in order to reduce the uncertainty of measurement, a sample should be as close to a test port as possible, especially for a material with internal reflection so that the transmitted light is seriously diverged, such as a honeycomb interlayer and the like. In addition, when the material is measured in a high-temperature state, the problem of temperature rise of the integrating sphere caused by heat transfer needs to be solved; when the material is measured under the ablation condition, the problem of the pollution of an ablated object to the integrating sphere needs to be solved.
Chinese patent ZL201210244377 reports a transmittance measuring device and method based on a non-integrating sphere principle, which performs convergence detection on transmitted light based on the conjugate characteristics of a far focus and a near focus of a rotating ellipsoidal reflector to suppress errors caused by internal reflected light. The device method has complex light path, and the near focus is positioned between the reflecting surface and the far focus (detection system), thereby limiting the measurement application of the transmissivity of the device in a high-temperature state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the transmissivity of a sample is inconvenient to measure in a high-temperature state in the prior art, the invention provides a novel online transmissivity measuring method and a novel online transmissivity measuring device.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: by utilizing the conjugate convergence characteristic of a non-rotating semi-ellipsoid reflecting surface (not limited to a semi-ellipsoid), namely, light emitted from one focus is converged on the other focus after being reflected by the inner wall, the focus is far away from the reflecting surface and is equidistant to the section of the ellipsoid, an optical system (the reflecting surface and a detection assembly) can be far away from a heat source (a sample), the temperature of the sample is adjusted to realize different temperature/temperature rise conditions, and the transmissivity of the sample under different temperature/temperature rise conditions at different incident angles is finally obtained.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
an in-line transmittance testing method comprising the steps of:
1) establishing a conjugate reflecting surface, and respectively placing the sample and the detection assembly at a focus A and a focus B of the conjugate reflecting surface;
2) the detection light enters the sample at a set angle, reaches the conjugate reflecting surface after being transmitted by the sample, is reflected and converged to a focus B by the conjugate reflecting surface, and then enters the detection assembly;
3) measuring the transmission luminous flux and comparing with a blank experiment to obtain the transmissivity of the sample;
4) adjusting the temperature of the sample to realize different temperature/temperature rise rate conditions; and 3) repeating the step 3), and finally obtaining the transmissivity of the sample under different temperature/temperature rising rate conditions.
Further, the incidence angle of the detection light can be adjusted, and the steps 2) and 3) are repeated, so that the transmissivity of the sample under different incidence angles is finally obtained.
Correspondingly, the device for realizing the online testing method of the transmissivity comprises a non-rotating ellipsoid conjugate reflector, a heating mechanism, a temperature measuring instrument, a detection light source, a detection assembly and a data acquisition instrument; the heating mechanism is used for heating or cooling the sample to realize different temperature/temperature rise rate conditions; the temperature measuring instrument is used for measuring the current temperature of the sample; the non-rotating ellipsoid conjugate imaging device is used for providing a conjugate reflecting surface; the sample and the detection assembly are respectively arranged at a focus A and a focus B of the conjugate reflecting surface; the detection light output by the detection light source enters a sample at a set angle, reaches a conjugate reflecting surface after being transmitted by the sample, is reflected and converged to a focus B by the conjugate reflecting surface, and then enters a detection assembly; the detection assembly comprises an integrating sphere and a detector; the focus B corresponds to an entrance port of the integrating sphere, and an integrating sphere baffle is arranged in the integrating sphere and used for preventing primary reflected light from directly entering the detector; the detector is arranged at a detection port of the integrating sphere and used for detecting a transmitted light signal; the data acquisition instrument is used for synchronously recording the real-time change of the temperature of the sample and the transmission light signal, comparing with a blank experiment, and calculating to obtain the real-time change of the transmissivity of the sample.
Further, an incident angle adjusting mechanism for adjusting the incident angle of the probe light to the sample may be added.
One optimized structure of the incident angle adjusting mechanism is as follows: the device comprises a full-reflecting mirror, a rotating table and a two-dimensional displacement table, wherein the full-reflecting mirror and a mirror frame thereof are arranged on the rotating table, the rotating table is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement table, and the angle of a reflecting mirror is adjusted through the rotating table, and the spatial position of the reflecting mirror is changed through the displacement table, so that the angle adjustment of incident detection light is realized; establishing a coordinate system x-0-y by taking a focus A of a sample as an origin, setting coordinates of an incident light position C on a total reflection mirror as (x, y), setting an angle of probe light incident on the sample as beta, an angle of probe light incident on the total reflection mirror as alpha and a position angle theta of a rotating table, and then according to the geometrical relationship: tg β is x/y, α is 45 ° - β/2, θ is 45 ° + β/2.
Further, the heating mechanism can adopt a laser heating mode; the probe light source discriminates the heating laser light and the probe light by modulating the frequency of the probe light.
The detection light source can modulate the frequency of the detection light by using a chopper.
Further, the heating mechanism may employ other non-contact heaters, such as a quartz lamp array disposed near the front surface of the sample (with a gap therebetween), the quartz lamp array being left empty corresponding to the incidence area of the probe light to the sample (to avoid interference with the incident light).
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the focus is far away from the reflecting surface and is equidistant to the section of the ellipsoid, namely the optical system is far away from the heat source, the protection treatment is not needed, the online measurement of the transmissivity in a high-temperature state can be realized, and the system is simple to build.
2. The transmitted light reaches the detection assembly through one-time reflection of the inner wall, so that the pollution of material ablation on an optical system is greatly reduced, and the measurement precision is improved.
3. The method can be used for measuring the light transmittance of the material at a larger incident angle on line, can adjust the incident angle at will, and is particularly suitable for the material with a larger transmitted light divergence angle, such as a honeycomb sandwich material.
4. The temperature range of the transmissivity measuring sample is wide, and the testing environment is adjustable (such as normal state, vacuum and air flow conditions).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an online transmittance measurement based on the non-rotational ellipsoid conjugate convergence principle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an online measurement of non-rotational ellipsoid conjugate convergence transmittance in a laser heating mode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the principle of adjusting the incident angle of probe light;
fig. 4 is a stroke curve of the electrically controlled displacement stage of the detecting light incidence angle adjusting mechanism.
The device comprises a sample 1, a detection light 2, a transmission light 3, a reflection surface 4, an integrating sphere 5, an integrating sphere entrance port 6, an integrating sphere detection port 7, a detector 8, an integrating sphere baffle 9, a detection light entrance angle adjusting mechanism 10, a heating laser 11, a chopper 12, a total reflection mirror 13, an electric control rotating table 14, an electric control displacement table 15-X and an electric control displacement table 16-Y.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein it is to be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not restrictive thereof.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a transmissivity testing device based on a non-rotation ellipsoid conjugate convergence principle comprises a sample 1, detection light 2, transmission light 3, a conjugate reflecting surface 4, an integrating sphere 5, an integrating sphere entrance port 6, an integrating sphere detection port 7, a detector 8, an integrating sphere blocking piece 9, a detection light entrance angle adjusting mechanism 10, heating laser 11, a chopper 12, a data acquisition instrument, a temperature measuring instrument and the like. Wherein, the detection component comprises integrating sphere 5, detector 8, and integrating sphere 5 plays the effect of collecting, homogenizing and converging light. The detecting light incidence angle adjusting mechanism is composed of a total reflection mirror 13, an electric control rotating platform 14 and a two-dimensional electric control displacement platform, the total reflection mirror angle is adjusted through the rotating platform, the spatial position of the total reflection mirror is changed through the displacement platform, and the incident detecting light angle adjustment is achieved.
During measurement, the sample 1 and the detection assembly are respectively arranged at two focuses A, B of the conjugate reflecting surface; the detection light 2 is incident to the sample 1 at different angles through the detection light incident angle adjusting mechanism 10, is transmitted by the sample 1, then is incident to the conjugated reflecting surface 4, is reflected by the conjugated reflecting surface 4, is converged to the focus B, then enters the detection assembly, measures the transmission light flux and compares with a blank experiment, and the transmissivity of the sample can be obtained.
The test procedure was as follows:
1) placing a sample 1 at a focus A, and placing an integrating sphere 5 and a detector 8 at a focus B;
2) the detection light 2 is incident to a sample 1 at a certain angle, and the sample transmission light 3 is incident to a conjugate reflecting surface 4, is reflected and converged to a focus B and enters an integrating sphere incident port 6;
3) at the detection port 7 of the integrating sphere, a detector 8 is installed for detecting the transmitted light signal ID；
4) The integrating sphere baffle plate 9 plays a role in preventing primary reflected light from directly entering the detector;
5) the data acquisition instrument synchronously records the real-time change of incident light penetrating through the sample signal, and compares 3) the measured signal intensity IDMeasurement of signal I compared with blank experiment (without sample)oCalculating to obtain real-time change of the transmissivity of the sample;
6) the sample is heated by the heating laser 11, so that the sample to be measured can be in different temperature states, the transmissivity of the sample is measured at different temperatures, and the relation of the transmissivity changing along with the temperature can be obtained. To distinguish between the heating light and the probe light, the probe light may be modulated using the chopper 12.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the incidence angle of the probe light is adjusted. As shown in fig. 3, the detecting incident angle adjusting mechanism is composed of a total reflection mirror 13, an electrically controlled rotary table 14, an X-direction electrically controlled displacement table 15, and a Y-direction electrically controlled displacement table 16. The total reflection mirror 13 and the mirror bracket thereof are arranged on an electric control rotary table 14, the electric control rotary table 14 is fixed on an X-direction electric control displacement table 15, and the X-direction electric control displacement table is fixed on a Y-direction electric control displacement table 16; establishing a coordinate system x-0-y by taking a focus A of a sample 1 as an origin, assuming that the coordinates of an incident light position C on a holophote are (x, y), the incident angle of probe light to the sample is beta, the incident angle to the holophote is alpha, and the position angle theta of a rotating table, and then according to the geometrical relationship, the following steps are carried out: tg β is x/y, α is 45 ° - β/2, θ is 45 ° + β/2.
In actual use, the position of the probe light incidence angle adjustment mechanism 10 is adjusted so that the turntable and the displacement table are in the zero state corresponding to the case where the probe light is normally incident (β is 0), and the coordinates of the mirror incident light position C are (0, L). According to fig. 4, the angle adjustment can be achieved only by controlling the movement of the X-direction displacement table and the rotation table within the range of the incident angle β of 0 to 45 °, wherein the X-direction displacement range is 0 to L; when the incident angle β is 45 ° to 90 °, the incident angle is increased by increasing the y-direction displacement, so that the requirement for the x-direction stroke is reduced by increasing the y-direction displacement. According to the displacement trajectory shown in fig. 4, β is 0-45 °, and the minimum step size in the x direction is 0.01746L/°; the minimum step length of beta is 45-90 degrees x, and the minimum step length of y is 0.00792L/° and 0.01083L/° respectively; and selecting a proper L as the maximum stroke of the displacement table, wherein the maximum stroke is 50cm, for example, the minimum step length required by increasing beta by 1 degree is 3.96mm, and the conventional electric control displacement table on the market can easily meet the requirement. In addition, the angle alpha of the probe light entering the reflector is always less than 45 degrees, and the requirement on the reflector is not high.
The heating laser 11 may be spatially offset from the incidence angle adjusting mechanism 10, and is typically incident at a small angle. The heating laser can not only realize temperature rise, but also generate destruction effect due to the action of strong laser, thereby obtaining the transmissivity of the destruction process on line.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the sample heating method, the detection light incidence angle adjusting mechanism, and the like may be embodied in other ways.
Claims (4)
1. An online transmittance testing method is characterized in that the method is suitable for materials with larger transmitted light divergence angles, and comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a conjugate reflecting surface, and respectively placing the sample and the detection assembly at a focus A and a focus B of the conjugate reflecting surface;
2) the detection light enters the sample at a set angle, reaches the conjugate reflecting surface after being transmitted by the sample, is reflected and converged to a focus B by the conjugate reflecting surface, and then enters the detection assembly; the transmitted light reaches the detection assembly through one-time reflection of the inner wall, so that the pollution of material ablation on an optical system is reduced;
3) measuring the transmission luminous flux and comparing with a blank experiment to obtain the transmissivity of the sample;
4) adjusting the temperature of the sample to realize different temperature/temperature rise rate conditions; repeating the step 3), and finally obtaining the transmissivity of the sample under different temperature/temperature rising rate conditions;
5) adjusting the incidence angle of the detection light by using an incidence angle adjusting mechanism, and repeating the steps 2) and 3), thereby finally obtaining the transmissivity of the sample under different incidence angles;
the incident angle adjusting mechanism comprises a total reflection mirror, a rotating table and a two-dimensional displacement table, the total reflection mirror and a mirror frame thereof are arranged on the rotating table, the rotating table is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement table, the angle of the reflecting mirror is adjusted through the rotating table, and the spatial position of the reflecting mirror is changed through the displacement table, so that the angle adjustment of incident detection light is realized; establishing a coordinate system x-0-y by taking a focus A of a sample as an origin, setting coordinates of an incident light position C on a total reflection mirror as (x, y), setting an angle of probe light incident on the sample as beta, an angle of probe light incident on the total reflection mirror as alpha and a position angle theta of a rotating table, and then according to the geometrical relationship: tg β is x/y, α is 45 ° - β/2, θ is 45 ° + β/2;
the heating mechanism adopts a laser heating mode; the heating laser can not only realize temperature rise, but also generate destruction effect due to the action of strong laser, thereby obtaining the transmissivity of the destruction process on line.
2. An online transmissivity testing device, characterized in that: the device is suitable for materials with larger divergence angles of transmitted light, and comprises a non-rotating ellipsoid conjugate reflector, a heating mechanism, a temperature measuring instrument, a detection light source, a detection assembly and a data acquisition instrument;
the heating mechanism is used for heating or cooling the sample to realize different temperature/temperature rise rate conditions;
the temperature measuring instrument is used for measuring the current temperature of the sample;
the non-rotating ellipsoid conjugate reflection device is used for providing a conjugate reflection surface;
the sample and the detection assembly are respectively arranged at a focus A and a focus B of the conjugate reflecting surface;
the detection light output by the detection light source enters a sample at a set angle, reaches a conjugate reflecting surface after being transmitted by the sample, is reflected and converged to a focus B by the conjugate reflecting surface, and then enters a detection assembly;
the detection assembly comprises an integrating sphere and a detector; the focus B corresponds to an entrance port of the integrating sphere, and an integrating sphere baffle is arranged in the integrating sphere and used for preventing primary reflected light from directly entering the detector; the detector is arranged at a detection port of the integrating sphere and used for detecting a transmitted light signal;
the data acquisition instrument is used for synchronously recording the temperature of the sample and the real-time change of the transmission light signal, comparing with a blank experiment, and calculating to obtain the real-time change of the transmissivity of the sample;
the device also comprises an incident angle adjusting mechanism which is used for adjusting the incident angle of the detection light to the sample; the incident angle adjusting mechanism comprises a total reflection mirror, a rotating table and a two-dimensional displacement table, the total reflection mirror and a mirror frame thereof are arranged on the rotating table, the rotating table is arranged on the two-dimensional displacement table, the angle of the reflecting mirror is adjusted through the rotating table, and the spatial position of the reflecting mirror is changed through the displacement table, so that the angle adjustment of incident detection light is realized; establishing a coordinate system x-0-y by taking a focus A of a sample as an origin, setting coordinates of an incident light position C on a total reflection mirror as (x, y), setting an angle of probe light incident on the sample as beta, an angle of probe light incident on the total reflection mirror as alpha and a position angle theta of a rotating table, and then according to the geometrical relationship: tg β is x/y, α is 45 ° - β/2, θ is 45 ° + β/2;
the heating mechanism adopts a laser heating mode; the detection light source distinguishes heating laser and detection light by modulating the frequency of the detection light, the heating laser can realize temperature rise, and a damage effect can be generated due to the action of strong laser, so that the transmissivity of a damage process can be acquired on line.
3. The transmittance in-line testing device according to claim 2, wherein: the probe light source modulates the frequency of the probe light with a chopper.
4. The transmittance in-line testing device according to claim 2, wherein: the heating mechanism is a quartz lamp array, the quartz lamp array is close to the front face of the sample, and the quartz lamp array is reserved corresponding to the incidence area of the detection light to the sample.
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