CN109770078B - Feed additive for preventing diarrhea of calves in lactation period and using method thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive for preventing diarrhea of calves in lactation period and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive for preventing diarrhea of calves in a lactation period and a using method thereof. The feed additive is prepared from natural astaxanthin, sodium humate, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, glutamine, xylo-oligosaccharide and Chinese herbal medicine additives (hairyvein agrimony, honeysuckle, Chinese pulsatilla root, hawthorn, pomegranate rind, talcum and liquorice), regulates the balance of gastrointestinal flora of the calves in the lactation period, promotes the development of gastrointestinal mucosa, reduces the damage influence of pathogeny and adverse factors on the gastrointestinal tract flora, increases the digestion and absorption of nutrient components, improves the immunity of organisms, relieves the suffered oxidative stress and oxidative damage, and improves the anti-stress capability, thereby achieving the purposes of preventing the diarrhea of the calves in the lactation period, promoting the absorption of nutrient substances of the feed and improving the health level and the production performance of the calves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed additive for preventing diarrhea of calves in a lactation period and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feeds.
Background
Calf diarrhea refers to a disease caused by various reasons and characterized by diarrhea in the calf in lactation period, and is manifested by loose stool, soft stool or watery stool, emesis, dehydration, weight loss and the like. The disease can occur all the year round, and especially, the newborn calves within 3 weeks after birth occur more frequently. When the calf diarrhea is raised in a large group, the incidence rate of the calf diarrhea is 90% -100%, the death rate can reach more than 50% at most, and the calf diarrhea is one of the main diseases causing the calf growth and development badness and death. Although the management, the building of animal houses and the vaccination of calves are continuously improved and perfected at present, the diarrhea of calves is still a common disease in a breeding farm, and the calves with diarrhea are also susceptible to respiratory diseases in the later growth process, which causes serious economic loss to the cattle industry. Therefore, how to prevent diarrhea in the calves in lactation is an important part in the production of cattle.
The calf diarrhea occurs and is summarized mainly by the following reasons: (1) the body structure and function of the calf are not completely developed after birth, and the calf has poor environmental adaptability, particularly to the gastrointestinal digestive system, and at the moment, if the temperature is greatly changed, the environment is poor, and the fed feed is not fresh or is deteriorated and moldy, the digestive system is easy to be disordered, and the conditions of dyspepsia and diarrhea are caused; (2) the environmental sanitation condition of the colony house is poor, pathogenic bacteria and viruses are easy to grow and propagate in the environment, and the calf after birth is weak in resistance and easy to infect the pathogenic bacteria and the viruses, so that symptoms such as inappetence, diarrhea and the like are caused; (3) in a large-scale breeding field, bacteria and microorganisms in a colony house are increased rapidly, and calves are easy to infect parasites such as common ascaris, nematodes and the like, and the symptoms of diarrhea, bloody feces, inappetence, dehydration and the like are presented.
Antibiotics are added into daily ration to play a certain role in preventing calf diarrhea, but antibiotic milk or antibiotic daily ration eating has negative effects on the health of calves, so that the problem to be solved at present is to develop a preparation capable of replacing antibiotics to prevent calf diarrhea.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a feed additive for preventing diarrhea of calves in lactation. The feed additive has effects of promoting calf gastrointestinal development, reducing pathogenic damage, increasing nutrient digestion and absorption, relieving suffered oxidative stress and oxidative damage, improving anti-stress capability, improving calf cellular immunity and humoral immunity, replacing antibiotics in daily ration, and effectively preventing calf diarrhea in lactation period.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the feed additive for preventing the diarrhea of the calves in the lactation period is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 10-15% of natural astaxanthin, 10-15% of sodium humate, 20-25% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10-12% of glutamine, 30-35% of xylo-oligosaccharide and 12-14% of a Chinese herbal medicine additive. The raw materials are dry powder with the granularity of less than 0.5 mm.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 15-20 parts of honeysuckle, 10-12 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 10-12 parts of hawthorn, 10-12 parts of pomegranate rind, 10-15 parts of talcum and 10-15 parts of liquorice, and the mixture is crushed into dry powder of 40-200 meshes.
The feed additive is preferably prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of natural astaxanthin, 12% of sodium humate, 22% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10% of glutamine, 32% of xylooligosaccharide and 12% of Chinese herbal medicine additive.
The using method comprises the following steps: directly adding into milk, and administering together with milk at the amount of 1.0-1.5%; the feeding period is from day 1 of calf postnatal to the end of weaning.
The functions of the raw materials are as follows:
natural astaxanthin: the antioxidant is one of the strongest and most efficient natural antioxidants discovered at present, has the antioxidant activity 10 times that of beta-carotene and 1000 times that of vitamin E, can effectively remove oxygen free radicals in cells of an organism, enhances the antioxidant stress capability of the organism, and protects the organism from the influence of adverse factors.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid: is an important energy source for the growth of the intestinal epithelium, promotes the proliferation of epithelial cells and the growth of mucous membranes, increases the blood flow of the mesentery and the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, promotes the proliferation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestinal tract, has the function of inhibiting escherichia coli, and plays a good role in maintaining the internal environment stability of the intestinal tract, preventing calf diarrhea and the like.
Sodium humate: has colloid property and adsorption capacity, and has good ion exchange and catalysis effects, so as to decompose various nutrients in feed, combine with good organic components, improve gastrointestinal function, and promote protein assimilation. The absorption action makes the feed nutrient pass through the intestinal tract more slowly, thereby enhancing the absorption and digestion time and improving the absorption rate of the nutrient components. Improving gastrointestinal function, promoting gastric secretion, stimulating appetite, stimulating growth of beneficial bacteria in stomach and intestine, and inhibiting proliferation of putrefying bacteria.
Glutamine (b): is a nutrient substance necessary for the metabolism of intestinal mucosal cells and plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal epithelial structure. The glutamine can effectively prevent the atrophy of intestinal mucosa, maintain the weight, the structure and the protein content of normal intestinal mucosa, enhance the activity of intestinal cells, improve the immunologic function of intestinal tract, and reduce the translocation of intestinal bacteria and endotoxin, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient components in daily ration by calves and improving the health level and the growth performance of the calves.
And (3) xylo-oligosaccharide: inducing and generating various immune factors, promoting the generation of interferon, activating macrophage and T, B lymphocyte, improving the activity of natural killer cell, promoting the generation of antibody, and enhancing the immune function of organism.
Chinese herbal medicine additive: is prepared from herba et Gemma Agrimoniae, flos Lonicerae, radix Pulsatillae, fructus crataegi, pericarpium Granati, pulvis Talci, and Glycyrrhrizae radix, wherein herba et Gemma Agrimoniae has effects of astringing, stopping bleeding, stopping dysentery, and killing parasite as principal drug; honeysuckle and Chinese pulsatilla root are used as ministerial drugs for clearing heat and removing toxicity, cooling blood and stopping dysentery; the hawthorn fruit is an adjuvant drug for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, astringing and stopping dysentery, promoting digestion and invigorating stomach, the pomegranate bark is used for relieving diarrhea with astringents and astringing to stop bleeding, the talc is used for clearing away heat and relieving summer-heat, promoting urination and relieving diarrhea, and sterilizing and diminishing inflammation, and the liquorice is used for regulating the functions of the other drugs as a guiding drug. The above materials have effects of astringing, relieving dysentery, resisting bacteria, relieving inflammation, and coordinating intestine and stomach, can be used for preventing and treating calf diarrhea, enhancing organism immunity and digestion function, antagonizing and killing various bacteria and viruses, and improving organism anti-stress capability.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses natural astaxanthin, sodium humate, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, glutamine, xylo-oligosaccharide and Chinese herbal medicine additive to carry out prescription, starts from multiple angles of promoting the function of intestinal tract, enhancing the absorption and digestion time of nutrition in the intestinal tract, improving the immunity of organism, oxidation resistance, stress resistance, virus resistance, dysentery stopping and the like, wherein the beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid promotes the proliferation of epithelial cells and the growth of mucous membrane, and maintains the stability of gastrointestinal tract flora; glutamine can supplement intestinal mucosa metabolic nutrient substances, promote the repair and regeneration of a mucosa structure and improve the intestinal immunity; the sodium humate promotes the assimilation of protein, and enhances the absorption and digestion time of intestinal tracts; the natural astaxanthin has stronger oxidation resistance; xylo-oligosaccharide improves the immunity, anti-stress, antibacterial and antiviral abilities of the organism; the Chinese herbal medicine additive has the therapeutic functions of astringing and stopping dysentery, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation. The raw materials act together to condition the balance of gastrointestinal flora of the calves in the lactation period, promote the development of gastrointestinal mucosa, reduce the damage influence of pathogeny and adverse factors, increase the digestion and absorption of nutrient components, improve the immunity of organisms, relieve the suffered oxidative stress and oxidative damage, and improve the anti-stress capability, thereby achieving the purposes of preventing the diarrhea of the calves in the lactation period, promoting the absorption of nutrient substances of the feed and improving the health level and the production performance of the calves. Also has antibacterial and antiviral effects, and can be used to replace antibiotics in daily ration.
Detailed Description
In this example, the manufacturer of natural astaxanthin is astaxanthin biotechnology limited Yunnan aeel, and the content of active ingredients is 5%. The xylo-oligosaccharide is produced by Shandong Longli biological science and technology limited company, and the content of effective components is more than or equal to 35 percent. The sodium humate is feed grade, and the content (dry basis) of water-soluble humic acid is required to be more than or equal to 65 percent.
Example 1:
the proportioning (weight ratio) is as follows: 12% of natural astaxanthin, 12% of sodium humate, 22% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10% of glutamine, 32% of xylooligosaccharide and 12% of Chinese herbal medicine additive. The particle sizes of the raw materials are all dry powder less than 0.5 mm.
Chinese herbal medicine additive (parts by weight): 23 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 17 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 10 parts of hawthorn, 10 parts of pomegranate bark, 15 parts of talcum and 15 parts of liquorice, and the mixture is ground into dry powder of 100 meshes.
And (3) experimental design:
the breeding test was carried out in Oks zoo breed of Shandong limited in 2017 for 10-12 months. 20 calves of fresh birth Holstein are selected and divided into test group and control group, each group has 10 calves. The initial weight difference of two groups of calves is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), and the environment and feeding management conditions of 30-day-old weaning, illumination and ventilation and the like are consistent. Wherein the control group is not added with any additive, and the test group is added with 1.2 percent of the feed additive prepared by the invention in milk. Each group was fed with the same concentrate supplement (starter feed) and coarse feed, fed with free feed and water, and fed until weaning was completed for 30 days. The feed additive prepared by the invention is dissolved in milk before feeding every day, and is fed uniformly 3 times in the morning, in the middle and at night. And observing the feces discharge condition of calves every day, recording diarrhea individuals and duration, and finally calculating a diarrhea index by dividing the number of days of each group of calves suffering from diarrhea by the total number of feeding days so as to evaluate the influence of the feed additive on the diarrhea of the calves in the lactation period. Collecting blood from the anterior vena cava at the end of the test period, and detecting serum immune indexes to evaluate the influence of the feed additive on the immune function of calves; detecting serum oxidative stress indexes to evaluate the influence of the feed additive on the anti-stress capability of calves. The test results are shown in tables 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of Complex additives on Calf diarrhea index
| Group of | Number of heads | Diarrhea index (%) |
| Control group | 10 | 7.4a |
| Test group | 10 | 0.3b |
Note: the difference is significant (p <0.05) for those with the same column marked with lower case letters, and the following are the same.
TABLE 2 influence of Complex additives on calf immune function (g/L)
| Group of | IgA | IgG | IgM | Complement C3 | Complement C4 |
| Control group | 2.12±0.05a | 1.43±0.07a | 8.62±0.09a | 0.38±0.02a | 0.37±0.01a |
| Test group | 3.25±0.03b | 2.18±0.04b | 11.51±0.11b | 0.44±0.01b | 0.43±0.02b |
TABLE 3 Effect of Complex additives on anti-stress ability of Calves
| Group of | MDA(nmol/Ml) | SOD(U/mL) | GSH-Px(U/mL) |
| Control group | 4.73±0.03a | 139.62±8.45a | 271.36±10.73b |
| Test group | 3.94±0.08b | 167.20±1.68b | 368.07±8.73a |
The result shows that the 1.2 percent of the compound additive added into the milk can not only effectively prevent the diarrhea of the calf in the lactation period, but also improve the whole immunity level and the anti-stress capability of the calf. As can be seen from Table 1, the calf diarrhea index is 0.3 by adding 1.2% of the compound additive into the milk of the test group, and is remarkably reduced by 7.1 compared with the control group. As can be seen from Table 2, the overall immune level of the lactating calf is significantly increased by adding 1.2% of the compound additive to the milk of the test group, and the IgA, IgG, IgM, complement C3 and complement C4 levels in the blood are respectively increased by 53.3%, 52.4%, 33.5%, 15.8% and 16.2% compared with the control group. As can be seen from Table 3, when 1.2% of the complex additive is added into milk, the MDA level in blood is reduced by 16.7%, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px are respectively improved by 19.8% and 35.6%.
Therefore, the natural astaxanthin, the sodium humate, the beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, the glutamine, the xylooligosaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicine additive are compatible, so that the advantages of the natural astaxanthin, the sodium humate, the beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, the glutamine, the xylooligosaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicine additive can be fully exerted, the synergistic effect is achieved, the effect of obviously improving the diarrhea of the calf in the lactation period is achieved, and the overall immunity level and the anti-stress capability of the calf are obviously improved.
Example 2:
the proportioning (weight ratio) is as follows: 13% of natural astaxanthin, 13% of sodium humate, 24% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10% of glutamine, 30% of xylooligosaccharide and 10% of Chinese herbal medicine additive. The particle sizes of the raw materials are all dry powder less than 0.5 mm.
Chinese herbal medicine additive (parts by weight): 25 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 20 parts of honeysuckle, 12 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 12 parts of hawthorn, 12 parts of pomegranate bark, 12 parts of talcum and 10 parts of liquorice, and the mixture is ground into dry powder of 80 meshes.
The using method comprises the following steps: directly adding into milk, and administering together with milk at the amount of 1.0-1.5%; the feeding period is from day 1 of calf postnatal to the end of weaning.
Example 3:
the proportioning (weight ratio) is as follows: 11% of natural astaxanthin, 11% of sodium humate, 21% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 12% of glutamine, 35% of xylooligosaccharide and 10% of Chinese herbal medicine additive. The particle sizes of the raw materials are all dry powder less than 0.5 mm.
Chinese herbal medicine additive (parts by weight): 20 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 15 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 10 parts of hawthorn, 10 parts of pomegranate bark, 15 parts of talcum and 10 parts of liquorice, and the mixture is ground into dry powder of 200 meshes.
The using method comprises the following steps: directly adding into milk, and administering together with milk at the amount of 1.0-1.5%; the feeding period is from day 1 of calf postnatal to the end of weaning.
Claims (5)
1. The feed additive for preventing the diarrhea of the calves in the lactation period is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 10-15% of natural astaxanthin, 10-15% of sodium humate, 20-25% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10-12% of glutamine, 30-35% of xylo-oligosaccharide and 12-14% of a Chinese herbal medicine additive;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of hairyvein agrimony, 15-20 parts of honeysuckle, 10-12 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 10-12 parts of hawthorn, 10-12 parts of pomegranate rind, 10-15 parts of talc and 10-15 parts of liquorice.
2. The feed additive for preventing diarrhea in lactating calves according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of natural astaxanthin, 12% of sodium humate, 22% of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid, 10% of glutamine, 32% of xylooligosaccharide and 12% of Chinese herbal medicine additive.
3. The feed additive for preventing diarrhea in a lactating calf as in claim 1 or 2, wherein the components are dry powders having a particle size of less than 0.5 mm.
4. The use of the feed additive for preventing diarrhea in a lactating calf as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed additive is directly added to milk and administered together with the milk at the time of feeding, and the amount of the feed additive added is 1.0-1.5%.
5. Use according to claim 4, wherein the feeding period is from day 1 after birth to the end of weaning of the calves.
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| CN110973376B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-05-17 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Feed additive for reducing calf diarrhea rate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110973380A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 广州美瑞泰科生物工程技术有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing calf diarrhea and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111280316A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-16 | 黑龙江省三禾饲料有限公司 | Concentrate supplement feed for preventing early weaning calf diarrhea and preparation method thereof |
| JP2023519170A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2023-05-10 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | Methods of Treating Diarrhea or Intestinal Inflammatory Conditions |
| CN111387356A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-10 | 贵州省畜牧兽医研究所 | Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for preventing diarrhea of young ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114041533A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-15 | 哈尔滨金绿达农牧科技有限公司 | Antibiotic-free feed additive for preventing and controlling calf diarrhea and preparation method and using method thereof |
| CN115176903A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-10-14 | 延边大学 | Antibiotic-free feed additive for preventing calf diarrhea |
| CN116326689B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-06-14 | 宁夏博瑞科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing calf diarrhea by combining mother and child and application thereof |
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