CN109757527A - 一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂及其生产工艺,本发明利用藜芦等13种中药组方经科学配伍,研制成一款高效杀灭菜青虫水剂,该水剂可以灭杀不同龄的菜青虫,针对较大龄的菜青虫也可有效灭杀。该水剂对其他有益昆虫无影响,农作物中也无药液残留,吸收效果好,同时大大提高了农作物的产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杀虫剂技术领域,特别是涉及一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂及其生产工艺。
背景技术
菜青虫其成虫又称菜粉蝶、菜白蝶,分类上归鳞翅目、粉蝶科。菜白蝶主要危害十字花科蔬菜,甘蓝类蔬菜受害最重。1~2龄幼虫多在叶面咬食叶肉,残留表皮成透明斑,3龄后的幼虫咬食叶片成孔洞或缺刻,严重时可将叶片吃光,仅剩下叶脉和叶柄,幼虫排出的粪便污染菜叶,影响产品和品质。另外,幼虫危害造成的伤口还易感染细菌软腐病,损失更大。而目前常用的防治方法常采用化学防治,并且尽量选择在低龄幼虫期防治,并且化学防治易使其产生抗药性,对于大龄幼虫的防治效果相对较差。
在专利CN108541719A中公开了一种有机蔬菜菜青虫防治剂及其使用方法,该防治剂是由山胡椒鲜果、梓树鲜叶、雷公藤鲜茎叶、人尿配伍泡制而成,该防治剂可以杀灭3龄前菜青虫幼虫,还能补充有机蔬菜的氮素等营养,加快受害植株的恢复。该发明的杀虫剂仅适用于灭杀3龄前的菜青虫幼虫,对于较大龄的菜青虫的灭杀能力大大降低。
在专利CN105394098B中公开了一种防治菜青虫的方法,该方法是采用虎掌草母液、青蒿母液、黄花烟叶母液、石灰石、食盐及清水配制而成的菜青虫杀虫制剂,喷雾到正在发生菜青虫危害的蔬菜上,其防效达到82.4-91%。而该杀虫剂并不能实现完全灭杀,而菜青虫的繁殖能力极强,很容易造成再次危害农作物。
在专利CN104397053B中公开了一种专杀菜青虫的植物杀虫剂,包括苦参、川楝子、川楝皮、雷公藤、生草乌、狼毒、陈皮和烟草按比例经煎煮后浓缩制得,该发明的杀虫剂专杀菜青虫,渗透性强,且药效持久。该发明的杀虫剂采用水提获取提取液,无法完全提取出原料中药中的药物成分以及营养成分,造成资源的浪费,同时增加了生产成本。
为了进一步提高杀虫剂对菜青虫的灭杀能力,同时降低菜青虫对杀虫剂的耐药性,避免对其他有益昆虫灭杀,需要一款高效、专一的菜青虫杀虫剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
本发明的另一目的是提供了该杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺。
一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂,包括以下重量份的中药原料:
藜芦20-30份、断肠草10-15份、狼毒5-12份、苦参5-10份、楝树籽3-5份、百部3-5份、除虫菊2-5份、马钱子2-3份、川乌2-3份、草乌2-3份、土荆皮2-3份、泽漆1-3份、使君子1-3份。
其中藜芦的根或根茎可入药,能催吐、祛痰、杀虫,主治中风痰壅、癫痫、喉痹等;外用治疥癣、恶疮、杀虫蛆;
断肠草具有攻毒拔毒,散瘀止痛,杀虫止痒之功效。外用适用于皮肤湿疹,体癣,脚癣,跌打损伤,骨折,痔疮,疔疮,麻风。还适用于除四害,杀蛆虫,灭孑孓;
狼毒的毒性较大,可以杀虫;根还可提取工业用酒精,根及茎皮可造纸,根入药,有祛痰、消积、止痛之功能,外敷可治疥癣;
苦参根含苦参碱和金雀花碱等,入药有清热利湿,抗菌消炎,健胃驱虫之效,常用作治疗皮肤瘙痒,神经衰弱,消化不良及便秘等症;种子可作农药;茎皮纤维可织麻袋等;
楝树籽含有较多油脂,可榨油或炼制油漆,而楝树具有舒肝行气止痛,驱虫疗癣。用于蛔虫病,虫积腹痛,疥癣瘙痒的功效;
百部亦称婆妇草,药虱药,是百部科的植物,块根可入药,有毒性。外用可驱除蚊虫;
除虫菊的芳香头状花序研磨成粉末,可构成杀虫剂的活性成分,本发明利用除虫菊花叶制备灭虫剂;
马钱子含有马钱子碱和番木鳖碱等多种生物碱,可用于农业除害药,可毒杀鼠类、麻雀等;
川乌中总生物碱含量2、3%,酯1、0%,乌头碱0、3%。主要含乌头碱、中乌头碱、塔技乌头胺、杰斯乌头胺、苯甲酰乌头胺、苯甲酰中乌头胺和苯甲酰下乌头胺等。这类成分的分子结构中,因8位羟基的乙酰化和14位的羟基芳酰化,因而呈现强烈的毒性,是乌头中的主要毒性成分;
草乌用于风寒湿痹,关节疼痛,心腹冷痛,寒疝作痛及麻醉止痛;
土荆皮的有机酸、乙醇浸膏及苯浸膏,对中国常见的10种致病真菌均有一定的抗菌作用,利用土荆皮可有效杀虫的功效;
泽漆含槲皮素-5,3-二-D-半乳糖甙、泽漆皂甙、三萜、丁酸、泽漆醇、β-二氢岩藻甾醇、葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖等,具有利尿消肿,化痰散结,杀虫止痒。用于腹水、水肿、肺结核、颈淋巴结核、痰多喘咳、癣疮;
使君子可以用于驱除蛔虫,并对许多病菌都有抑制作用。
本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述中药原料清洗、晾干后按比例混合,粉碎成中药粉渣;
(2)在1吨所述中药粉渣中加入800L质量浓度为95%的乙醇和1200L木醋液,在80-100℃中加热回流4个小时进行第一次提取,过滤收集提取液;
(3)在第一次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和600L乙醇进行第二次提取,提取温度为80-100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(4)第二次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和700L乙醇进行第三次提取,提取温度为80-100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(5)将三次提取液混合,搅拌均匀并进行浓缩,直至中草药液提取物中藜芦碱的含量≥0.5%,即制得本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
优选的,所述步骤(5)的浓缩工艺是将提取液在温度45-55℃,真空度在-0.04~0.05MPa下进行加热浓缩。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明利用藜芦等13种中药组方经科学配伍,研制成一款高效灭杀菜青虫的水剂,该水剂可以灭杀不同龄的菜青虫,针对较大龄的菜青虫也可有效灭杀。该水剂对其他有益昆虫无影响,农作物中也无药液残留,吸收效果好,同时大大提高了农作物的产量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明的含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂,包括以下组分的原料:藜芦20份、断肠草10份、狼毒5份、苦参5份、楝树籽3份、百部3份、除虫菊2份、马钱子2份、川乌2份、草乌2份、土荆皮2份、泽漆1份、使君子1份。
该含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述中药原料清洗、晾干后按比例混合,粉碎成中药粉渣;
(2)在1吨所述中药粉渣中加入800L质量浓度为95%的乙醇和1200L木醋液,在100℃中加热回流4个小时进行第一次提取,过滤收集提取液;
(3)在第一次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和600L乙醇进行第二次提取,提取温度为100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(4)第二次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和700L乙醇进行第三次提取,提取温度为90℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(5)将三次提取液混合,搅拌均匀并在温度45℃,真空度在0.01MPa下进行加热浓缩,直至中草药液提取物中藜芦碱的含量为0.5%,即制得本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
实施例2
一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂,包括以下组分的原料:藜芦30份、断肠草15份、狼毒12份、苦参10份、楝树籽5份、百部5份、除虫菊5份、马钱子3份、川乌3份、草乌3份、土荆皮3份、泽漆3份、使君子3份。
该含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述中药原料清洗、晾干后按比例混合,粉碎成中药粉渣;
(2)在1吨所述中药粉渣中加入800L质量浓度为95%的乙醇和1200L木醋液,在80℃中加热回流4个小时进行第一次提取,过滤收集提取液;
(3)在第一次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和600L乙醇进行第二次提取,提取温度为100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(4)第二次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和700L乙醇进行第三次提取,提取温度为100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(5)将三次提取液混合,搅拌均匀并在温度55℃,真空度在0.05MPa下进行加热浓缩,直至中草药液提取物中藜芦碱的含量为0.8%,即制得本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
实施例3
一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂,包括以下组分的原料:藜芦25份、断肠草12份、狼毒10份、苦参8份、楝树籽4份、百部4份、除虫菊3份、马钱子2份、川乌3份、草乌3份、土荆皮2份、泽漆3份、使君子2份。
该杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述中药原料清洗、晾干后按比例混合,粉碎成中药粉渣;
(2)在1吨所述中药粉渣中加入800L质量浓度为95%的乙醇和1200L木醋液,在90℃中加热回流4个小时进行第一次提取,过滤收集提取液;
(3)在第一次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和600L乙醇进行第二次提取,提取温度为80℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(4)第二次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和700L乙醇进行第三次提取,提取温度为100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(5)将三次提取液混合,搅拌均匀并在温度50℃,真空度在0.02MPa下进行加热浓缩,直至中草药液提取物中藜芦碱的含量为0.8%,即制得本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
将本发明实施例1-3制备的含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂对1-5龄的菜青虫进行试验,均可有效杀灭,经反复试验未发现菜青虫对其产生耐药性。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (3)
1.一种含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的中药原料:
2.根据权利要求1所述的含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述中药原料清洗、晾干后按比例混合,粉碎成中药粉渣;
(2)在1吨所述中药粉渣中加入800L质量浓度为95%的乙醇和1200L木醋液,在80-100℃中加热回流4个小时进行第一次提取,过滤收集提取液;
(3)在第一次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和600L乙醇进行第二次提取,提取温度为80-100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(4)第二次提取结束后,在剩余药渣中加入1000L木醋液和700L乙醇进行第三次提取,提取温度为80-100℃,回流时间为3小时,过滤收集提取液;
(5)将三次提取液混合,搅拌均匀并进行浓缩,直至中草药液提取物中藜芦碱的含量≥0.5%,即制得本发明含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含藜芦碱的杀菜青虫水剂的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)的浓缩工艺是将提取液在温度45-55℃,真空度在-0.04~0.05MPa下进行加热浓缩。
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