CN105901038A - 防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂及其制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的原料：大蒜汁20‑30份、石榴皮15‑25份、蛇床子15‑25份、胡黄连10‑20份、洋葱汁5‑10份、苦楝叶2‑5份、辣廖2‑5份。该植物杀虫剂采用多种天然化合活性物质，对蔬菜根线虫具有杀虫、驱虫、抑制幼虫生长发育、杀菌以及抗菌的功效，而且还起到防病消毒的效果。杀虫驱虫效果好、选择性强、对人和畜安全稳定、无药物残留、对环境无污染、对作物无损坏等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蔬菜虫害用杀虫剂技术领域，具体涉及一种防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
蔬菜，是指可以做菜、烹饪成为食品的一类植物或菌类，蔬菜是人们日常饮食中必不可少的食物之一，是一种绿色食品。蔬菜的营养物质主要包含矿物质、维生素、纤维等，这些物质的含量越高，蔬菜的营养价值也越高。此外，蔬菜中的水分和膳食纤维的含量也是重要的营养品质指标。通常，水分含量高、膳食纤维少的蔬菜鲜嫩度较好，其食用价值也较高。但从保健的角度来看，膳食纤维也是一种必不可少的营养素。蔬菜的营养素不可低估，1990年国际粮农组织统计人体必需的维生素C的90%、维生素A的60%均来自蔬菜，可见蔬菜对人类健康的贡献之巨大。此外，蔬菜中还有多种植物化学物质是被公认的对人体健康有益的成分，如类胡萝卜素、二丙烯化合物、甲基硫化合物等，许多蔬菜还含有独特的微量元素，对人体具有特殊的保健功效，如西红柿中的番茄红素、洋葱中的前列腺素等。
蔬菜种类多，栽培制度复杂，作物营养条件好，病虫种类繁多，发生规律复杂，危害猖獗。其中根线虫是蔬菜主要虫害之一。根线虫又名根结线虫，雌雄异体。幼虫呈细长蠕虫状，危害蔬菜，寄主范围广泛，在无寄主条件下可存活一年。被害株地上部生长矮小、缓慢、叶色异常，结果少，产量低，甚至造成植株提早死亡。
近年来，用于蔬菜的杀虫药品越来越引起人们的关注，国内的同类蔬菜虫害用杀虫剂产品多是仿冒国外产品而生产高毒性的蔬菜虫害用杀虫剂。这些现有技术中的蔬菜虫害用杀虫剂气味浓烈难闻，且容易危及人畜安全，严重影响了环境卫生和安全，从绿色、环保、生态来说，都非常不利。
传统农药多数为化学制剂，如何需用植物源作为农药成分，来降低污染是需要解决的技术问题。因此，需要出现一种配比简单，使用方便，以植物源材料为主料，制备蔬菜根线虫用植物杀虫剂，是目前急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术不足而提供一种防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂及其制备方法，该植物杀虫剂采用多种天然化合活性物质，对蔬菜根线虫具有杀虫、驱虫、抑制幼虫生长发育、杀菌以及抗菌的功效，而且还起到防病消毒的效果。杀虫驱虫效果好、选择性强、对人和畜安全稳定、无药物残留、对环境无污染、对作物无损坏等特点。
本发明是采用以下技术方案实现的：
本发明防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂，包括以下重量份数的原料：大蒜汁20-30份、石榴皮15-25份、蛇床子15-25份、胡黄连10-20份、洋葱汁5-10份、苦楝叶2-5份、辣廖2-5份。
以上所述的防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂，包括以下重量份数的原料：大蒜汁25-28份、石榴皮18-22份、蛇床子18-22份、胡黄连14-18份、洋葱汁6-8份、苦楝叶3-4份、辣廖3-4份。
以上所述的防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂配方的各药有效成份分析：
大蒜，【别名】蒜头、大蒜头、胡蒜、葫、独蒜、独头蒜；是蒜类植物的统称，半年生草本植物。【拉丁名】Allium
sativum L.大蒜营养丰富：每100克含水分69.8克，蛋白质4.4克，脂肪0.2克，碳水化合物23.6克，钙5毫克，磷44毫克，铁0.4毫克，维生素C3毫克。此外，还含有硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸、蒜素、柠檬醛以及硒和锗等微量元素。含挥发油约0.2%，油中主要成分为大蒜辣素，具有杀菌作用，是大蒜中所含的蒜氨酸受大蒜酶的作用水解产生；还含多种烯丙基、丙基和甲基组成的硫醚化合物等。大蒜中含硫化合物具有较强的抗菌消炎作用，对多种球菌、杆菌、真菌和病毒等均有抑制和杀灭作用。现代研究发现，大蒜的挥发油、汁、浸出液及蒜素对多种球菌、杆菌（如百日咳等）、霉菌、真菌（如隐球菌脑膜炎等）、病毒等均有抑制和杀灭作用。
石榴皮，【别名】石榴壳、酸石榴皮、酸榴皮，【拉丁名】Pomegranate Rind，是石榴科植物石榴的果皮在我国大部分地区都有分布，是一种资源十分丰富的植物；【性味】酸涩，温，【功能主治】涩肠，止血，驱虫；治久泻、久痢、便血、脱肛、滑精、崩漏、带下、虫积腹痛、疥癣。石榴皮煎剂有驱肠虫作用。其机理系作用于寄生虫的肌肉，使其陷于持续收缩，而具驱虫之效。另外，石榴皮含多含糅质，当它们与粘膜、创面等接触后，能沉淀或凝固局部的蛋白质，使在表面形成较为致密的保护层，有助于局部创面愈合或保护局部免受刺激。
蛇床子，【别名】野茴香、蛇床实、蛇床仁、蛇珠、野萝卜碗子、蛇米、野芫荽；【拉丁文】Cnidium
monnieri(L.)Cuss.为伞形科植物蛇床的干燥成熟果实。【性味】：性温、味苦。【功能主治】：温肾壮阳，燥湿，祛风，杀虫。用于阳痿、宫冷、寒湿带下、湿痹腰痛；外治外阴湿疹、妇人阴痒、滴虫性阴道炎。
胡黄连，【别名】割孤露泽、胡连、西藏胡黄连；【拉丁文】Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora
Pennell. 为玄参科植物胡黄连的干燥根茎，分布于四川、云南、西藏、喜马拉雅山区醅等地。【性味】苦，寒。【功能主治】清热，凉血，燥湿。治疳疾，惊痫，泻痢，劳热骨蒸，自汗，盗汗，吐血，衄血，火眼，痔瘘，疮疡。
洋葱，【别名】球葱、圆葱、玉葱、葱头、荷兰葱、番葱；【拉丁名】Allium cepa.为百合科、葱属二年生草本植物。洋葱中含有植物杀菌素如大蒜素、硫化合物、葱蒜辣素等，有很强的杀菌能力，能有效驱虫、杀菌、抑菌，对蔬菜根线虫具有良好的防治作用。
苦楝叶，【别名】楝、楝树、紫花树、森树；【拉丁名】Melia azedarach Linn.为楝科植物楝（ Melia azedarach L ）和川楝（ M.toosendan Sieb ． Et Zucc ）的叶，全年均可采收，鲜用或晒干，是我国的一种传统中草药，在我国大部分地区都有分布，是一种资源十分丰富的植物；辣蓼用于清热燥湿；杀虫止痒；行气止痛、行气止痛、湿疹瘙痒、疮癣疥癞、蛇虫咬伤、滴虫性阴道炎、疝气疼痛、跌打肿痛。
辣蓼，【别名】班焦草、红辣蓼、辣马蓼，辣椒草；【拉丁文】Polygonum flaccidum Meissn属蓼科蓼属一年生草本植物，是我国的一种传统中草药，在我国大部分地区都有分布，是一种资源十分丰富的植物。【性味归经】辛，温；作为中药使用的时候，辣蓼用于祛风利湿，散瘀止痛，解毒消肿，杀虫止痒。
本发明防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂的制备方法为：将石榴皮、蛇床子、胡黄连、苦楝叶和辣廖切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入大蒜汁和洋葱汁搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
本发明防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂的使用方法为：用河泥或高山黄土改良蔬菜种植地局部泥土，用本发明植物杀虫剂与水按照1:100-150的比例兑成水剂，先将蔬菜种植地局部土挖出一个坑，将水剂喷洒到坑里，晒土3-5天再填河土或高山黄土，即可种植蔬菜。种植一个月后如果蔬菜根部有线虫，再用上述水剂喷洒蔬菜根部和土壤，可灭虫，杀虫效果达80-90%。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明植物杀虫剂采用大蒜、石榴皮、蛇床子、胡黄连、洋葱汁、苦楝叶和辣廖等草本植物精制而成，原材料丰富易得，生产过程简单，成本低，对人、畜、农作物安全，低毒甚至无毒，对环境无污染，无药物残留。还具有明显的增肥、增产作用，同时在调节作物生长、提高植物免疫以及抗逆方面亦有明显功效。
2、本发明植物杀虫剂，能够克服现植物农药所存在的难题；采用多种天然化合活性物质，对蔬菜的线虫具有杀虫、驱虫、抑制虫卵或幼虫生长发育、杀菌以及抗菌的功效，而且还起到防病消毒的效果。杀虫驱虫效果好、选择性强、对人和畜安全稳定、无药物残留、对环境无污染、对作物无损坏等特点，
3、本发明植物杀虫剂是从多种植物中提取多种物质的混合物，成分复杂，其作用位点（靶点）多，能够作用于虫害的多个生理系统，有利于克服虫害的抗药性。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
将大蒜汁20份、石榴皮15份、蛇床子15份、胡黄连10份、苦楝叶2份和辣廖2份切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入洋葱汁5份搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
实施例2：
将大蒜汁30份、石榴皮25份、蛇床子25份、胡黄连20份、苦楝叶5份和辣廖5份切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入洋葱汁10份搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
实施例3：
将大蒜汁25份、石榴皮18份、蛇床子18份、胡黄连14份、苦楝叶3份和辣廖3份切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入洋葱汁6份搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
实施例4：
将大蒜汁28份、石榴皮22份、蛇床子22份、胡黄连18份、苦楝叶4份和辣廖4份切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入洋葱汁8份搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
应用实例
将本发明的产品在广西南宁市横县蔬菜基地进行了试验，与山东省青岛好利特生物农药有限公司生产的蔬菜杀虫剂，有效成分：高效氯氰菊酯4.5%，农药登记证：PD20096127，进行了试验效果对比，以下为试验结果：
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对照组 | |
| 药剂浓度（倍） | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1000 |
| 线虫杀灭率（%） | 85 | 87 | 90 | 82 | 87 |
从表中可以看出，本发明实施例1-4对线虫的整体防治与山东省青岛好利特生物农药有限公司生产的蔬菜杀虫剂相比效果相差不大，但是由于本发明产品没有毒害和不污染，不残留，具有可替代现有化学杀菌剂的功效，如果一次没有消灭害虫，可以喷 2-3次，就会有较好效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的原料：大蒜汁20-30份、石榴皮15-25份、蛇床子15-25份、胡黄连10-20份、洋葱汁5-10份、苦楝叶2-5份、辣廖2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的原料：大蒜汁25-28份、石榴皮18-22份、蛇床子18-22份、胡黄连14-18份、洋葱汁6-8份、苦楝叶3-4份、辣廖3-4份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂的制备方法为：将石榴皮、蛇床子、胡黄连、苦楝叶和辣廖切碎或粉碎，杀菌后烘干，然后按配方比将各粉碎物混合均匀后倒入陶缸中浸泡20分钟，加入水量为药物总重量的5-10倍，加热至90-100℃熬煮50-60分钟，待药液温度降至30-35℃时，过滤，再加入大蒜汁和洋葱汁搅拌均匀，微波杀菌后瓶装，即得防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂，其特征在于，所述防治蔬菜根线虫的植物杀虫剂的使用方法为：用河泥或高山黄土改良蔬菜种植地局部泥土，用本发明植物杀虫剂与水按照1:100-150的比例兑成水剂，先将蔬菜种植地局部土挖出一个坑，将水剂喷洒到坑里，晒土3-5天再填河土或高山黄土，即可种植蔬菜；种植一个月后如果蔬菜根部有线虫，再用上述水剂喷洒蔬菜根部和土壤，可灭根线虫。
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| CN109699692A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-03 | 郑州昊天化工产品有限公司 | 防治根线虫的中草药混合液及其制备工艺 |
| CN109997882A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-07-12 | 郑州昊天化工产品有限公司 | 中草药喷雾防治根线虫的方法 |
| CN114931152A (zh) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-23 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | 一种分蘖洋葱根系提取物的制备方法及其应用 |
| CN114931152B (zh) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-04-21 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | 一种分蘖洋葱根系提取物的制备方法及其应用 |
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