CN109715507A - 用于制造纤维基食品容器的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于制造纤维基食品容器的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109715507A CN109715507A CN201780057301.XA CN201780057301A CN109715507A CN 109715507 A CN109715507 A CN 109715507A CN 201780057301 A CN201780057301 A CN 201780057301A CN 109715507 A CN109715507 A CN 109715507A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- range
- fiber
- weight
- fiber base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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Abstract
用于利用纤维基浆体制造真空成形产品容器的方法和设备。该浆体包含水分阻隔剂,该水分阻隔剂包括按重量计在约4%的范围的烷基烯酮二聚体以及按重量计在1%至7%的范围内的阳离子液体淀粉组分。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及用于制造容器和包装材料的生态可持续方法和设备,并且更具体地,涉及用于在真空成形模制纤维产品中使用新颖浆体来替代塑料。
背景技术
由一次性塑料容器和包装材料造成的污染频发,破坏了全球景观并且威胁了生态系统以及居住在其中的各种生命形式的健康。垃圾以一片片泡沫塑料和膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)包装、外卖容器、瓶子、薄膜袋以及光降解塑料小球的形式与水路和海洋接触。
由于这种海洋垃圾累积,其形成了零星分布的、位于每个海洋环流处的高度集中的塑料岛。日光和波浪导致漂浮的塑料物分解成越来越小的颗粒,但是它们从未完全消失或生物降解。单个塑料微珠可能是其周围水的毒性的一百万倍。塑料颗粒起到了吸收水传播的污染物(例如杀虫剂)的作用。鱼、海龟、甚至鲸鱼食用塑料物体,这可能使它们生病或者死亡。更小的海洋生物摄入微小的塑料颗粒并且在我们食用海产品时将它们传递给我们。
用于减少塑料污染的可持续解决方案蓄势待发。然而,连续采用这些解决方案不仅需要它们有益于环境,而且从性能和成本角度来看可以与塑料竞争。本发明涉及无需折衷产品性能,在可竞争的成本结构范围内,通过利用模制纤维的革命性技术来替代塑料。
通过简要的背景技术,自20世纪30年代以来已经开始使用模制纸浆(模制纤维)来制作容器、托盘和其他包装,但是在引入塑料泡沫包装之后在20世纪70年代减少了对模制纸浆的使用。纸浆可以通过旧报纸、瓦楞箱和其他植物纤维来生产。如今,模制纸浆包装被广泛用于电子器件、家庭用品、汽车零件和医疗产品以及作为用于装运电子和其他易碎部件的边缘/拐角保护器或货板托盘。通过对呈成品包装的镜像的形状的金属工具进行机械加工来制造模具。通过工具钻孔并将筛网附接至其表面。通过孔抽真空与此同时筛网防止了纸浆堵塞孔。
两种最常见的模制纸浆被分类成1型和2型。1型通常被用于支持具有3/16英寸(4.7毫米)至1/2英寸(12.7毫米)壁的包装应用。1型模制纸浆制造,也被称为“干式”制造,使用由研磨的报纸、牛皮纸或溶解在水中的其他纤维制成的纤维浆体。将安装在台板上的模具浸入或浸没在浆体中,并将真空施加于大体凸面的背侧。真空将浆体牵拉到模具上以形成包装的形状。在仍然处于真空下的同时,从浆体池移除模具,从而允许水从纸浆排除。随后通过工具吹入空气以弹出模制的纤维件。零件通产被存放在移动通过干燥烘箱的传送装置上。
2型模制纸浆制造,也被称为“湿式”制造,通常用于利用具有0.02英寸(0.5毫米)至0.06英寸(1.5毫米)的壁的容器包装电子设备、蜂窝电话以及家用物品。2型模制纸浆使用和1型制造相同的材料并遵照相同的基本工艺,直到真空把浆体牵拉到模具上处。在该步骤之后,转移模具与纤维包装相匹配,转移模具将成形的“湿部件”移动到热压机,并压缩和干燥纤维材料以增大密度和提供光滑的外表面光洁度。例如,参见http:// www.stratasys.com/solutions/additive-manufacturing/tooling/molded-fiber;http:/www.keiding.com/molded-fiber/manufacturing/process/;2007年4月11日公布的标题为“改进的模制纤维制造(Improved Molded Fiber Manufacturing)”的欧洲专利EP1492926 B1,Grenidea Technologies PTE有限责任公司;以及http://afpackaging.com/thermoformed-fiber-molded-pulp/。以上所有的全部内容通过引用结合于此。
纤维基包装产品是生物可降解的、可堆肥的,且不像塑料,不会迁移到海洋中。然而,当前已知的纤维技术并不是非常适合于结合肉品及家禽肉容器、预加工食品、产品、可微波加热的食品容器以及用于如热咖啡的饮料容器的盖使用。
因此需要能够克服现有技术的限制的方法和设备。
通过随后的详细描述和所附权利要求书并结合附图和本背景技术,各种特征和特性也将变得显而易见。
发明内容
本发明的各种实施例涉及用于制造真空模制的纤维基包装和容器产品的方法、化学式和设备,尤其是包含:(i)体现了提高结构刚性的新几何特征的肉品、产品、园艺和实用容器;(ii)具有嵌入的和/或外用的水分/水汽阻隔剂的肉品、产品、园艺容器;(iii)被修改成使喷嘴重新定向从而增大产品和园艺容器中排气孔的大小的真空工具;(iv)体现嵌入的和/或外用的水分、油和/或水汽阻隔剂和/或用来改进化学键合的助留剂的可微波加热/烤箱加热的容器;(v)体现了在延长的保质期内保留结构刚性的水分/水汽阻隔剂的肉品容器;(vi)体现水分/水汽阻隔剂的用于热饮料容器的盖;以及(vii)被修改为包含用于从模具弹出具有负拔模的饮料盖的的活塞的真空工具。
应当注意的是,本文中所述的各种发明,尽管在常规的基于浆体的真空成形工艺的背景下进行例示说明,但是并不限于此。本领域技术人员可以理解,本文中所述的发明可以设想任意的纤维基制造模式,包含3D打印技术。
对各种其他实施例、方面和特征将在下文中更详细地进行描述。
附图说明
以下将结合附图描述示范性实施例,其中相同的附图标记指示相同的元件,并且:
图1是根据各种实施例的利用纤维基浆体的示范性真空成形工艺的示意性框图;
图2是根据各种实施例的用于控制浆体的化学组成的示范性闭环浆体系统的示意性框图;
图3是根据各种实施例的示出了卷边、外悬裙边以及用于增强环箍强度的肋条结构特征的示范性产品容器的透视图;
图4是根据各种实施例的图3中所示容器的端视图;
图5A是根据各种实施例的包含延伸的通气孔的示范性产品容器的透视图;
图5B是根据各种实施例的在图5A中所示容器的端视图;
图6A至图6C是根据各种实施例的示出各种搁架和肋条特征的食品容器的替代实施例;
图7是根据各种实施例的包含被配置为冲洗来自通气孔插入件的纸浆的喷嘴的示范性清洗工具的透视图;
图8是根据各种实施例的图7中所示喷嘴的近距离视图;
图9是根据各种实施例的通过图7中和图8中所示被定向以由喷嘴移除的过量纤维的透视图;
图10是根据各种实施例的示范性可微波加热的食品容器的透视图;
图11A是根据各种实施例的示范性肉品容器的透视图;
图11B是根据各种实施例的图11A中所示可微波加热的食品容器的端视图;
图12是根据各种实施例的示出具有偏置肋条的搁架的浅食品托盘的替代实施例;
图13是根据各种实施例的用于液体(例如,汤或饮料如咖啡或苏打水)容器的示范性盖的透视图;
图14是根据各种实施例的图13中所示盖的顶视图;
图15是根据各种实施例的图13和图14中所示盖的侧正视图;
图16是根据各种实施例的用于在制造图13至图15中所示盖的过程中使用的示范性模具的透视图;
图17是根据各种实施例的显示为处于缩回位置的图16的模具的侧正视图;
图18是根据各种实施例的显示为处于伸出位置的图17的模具的侧正视图;以及
图19是根据各种实施例的实用(非食品)容器的透视图。
具体实施方式
本发明的以下详细描述在本质上仅是示范性的,并且并不旨在限制本发明或者本发明的应用和使用。此外,并不存在被前述背景技术或以下详细描述中所提出的任何理论限制的意图。
本发明的各种实施例涉及纤维基或纸浆基产品以用于兼在食品和饮料工业内和外使用。作为非限制性示例,本公开涉及适合于解决食品工业所面临的特定挑战的浆体的特定化学配方,包括油阻隔剂、水分阻隔剂和水蒸汽阻隔剂以及助留剂,迄今为止它们的缺失妨碍了纤维基产品在食品工业中替代一次性塑料容器和部件。本公开进一步构思了具有用于增强刚性的几何结构和结构特征的纤维基容器。将这些特征与新颖的化学成分结合使得纤维基产品能够在多种多样的应用中替代它们的塑料对应部分,所述应用诸如例如“冷冻、冷藏和非冷藏食品;医疗、制药和生物应用;微波食品容器;饮料;可食用和不可食用液体;在存储、装运和制备(例如,烹调)期间释放水、油和/或水蒸汽的物质;园艺应用,包括消耗型和景观/园林植物、花卉、草本植物、灌木和树木;化学存储和配料设备(例如,颜料盘);产品(包括人类和动物食品,例如水果和蔬菜);沙拉;预加工食品;用于肉品、家禽肉和鱼肉的包装;盖;杯子;瓶子;用于处理和展示以上各项的引导件和隔板;用于包装、存储和装运电子器件、镜子、艺术品以及其他易碎部件的边缘和拐角件;水桶;管子;工业、汽车、海运、航空航天和军事部件,例如垫圈、垫片、密封件、垫子等;以及相关的模具、丝网形式、配方、工艺、化学式、工装、浆体分配、化学监测、化学输注,以及用于制造前述部件的相关系统、设备、方法和技术。
现在参考图1,利用纤维基浆体的示范性真空成形系统和工艺100包括第一阶段101,其中呈将要制造的产品的镜像的形式的模具(为清楚起见未示出)以匹配模具轮廓的薄丝网结构102覆设。以压力(P1)106(通常是环境压力)输入纤维基浆体104的供应流104。通过在模具内保持较低的压力(P2)108,浆体被抽过该网结构,从而捕获呈模具形状的纤维颗粒,与此同时排出过量的浆体110以再循环回到系统内。
继续参考图1,第二阶段103涉及在呈模具形状的丝网周围累积纤维层130。当层130达到期望厚度时,模具进入第三阶段105以用于湿式或干式固化。在湿式固化过程中,成形的部件被转移到热压型机(未示出)并且层130被压缩和干燥到期望厚度,从而得到用于成品部件的光滑外表面成品。在干式固化过程中,使经加热的空气在层130正上方经过以从其去除水分,从而得到很像常规蛋品包装纸盒的更多纹理的成品。
根据各种实施例,真空模具工艺被操作为闭环系统,在其中未使用的浆体被再循环回其中形成产品的盆(bath)内。如此,(以下更为详细进行讨论的)化学添加剂中的一些被吸收到各个纤维中,而一些添加剂留在水基溶液中。在真空成形期间,仅(已经吸收了一些添加剂)的纤维被捕获到该结构内,而其余的添加剂被再循环回到罐内。因此,仅需要补充捕获在成形部件中的添加剂,因为其余的添加剂和浆体一起再循环到溶液中。如以下所述,系统以预定体积比的包括浆体的构成组分在真空罐内保持了稳态化学性。
现在参考图2,其为用于控制浆体的化学组成的闭环浆体系统200。在所示实施例中,罐202填充有具有特定期望化学成分的纤维基浆体204,借此真空模具206被浸没在浆体浴中以形成模制件。在模制件被成形为期望厚度之后,移除模具206以用于后续处理208(例如,成形、加热、干燥、顶部涂覆等)。
在典型的湿压工艺中,热压温度范围为大约150至250摄氏度,同时热压压力范围大约140至170kg/cm2。最终产品的密度应当是大约0.5至1.5g/cm3,并且最可能是大约0.9至1.1g/cm3。最终产品的厚度是约0.3至1.5mm,并且优选地是约0.5至0.8mm。
继续参考图2,包括纸浆和水的纤维基浆体在浆体输入部210处被输入到罐202内。在各种实施例中,可以使用研磨机来研磨纸浆纤维以形成额外的结合位置。可以在相应的输入部212至214处供应一种或多种额外的组分或化学添加剂。浆体可以利用闭环导管218被再循环,根据需要添加额外的纸浆和/或水。为了保持所需化学添加剂的的稳态平衡,采样模块216被配置为测量或以其他方式监测浆体的构成组分,并通过控制相应的输入部212至214来动态地或周期地调节相应的添加剂水平。通常浆体浓度为大约0.1%至1%,最理想为大约0.3%至0.4%。在一个实施例中,各种化学成分被保持在预定期望体积百分比;替代地,化学成分可以基于重量百分比或任何其他的期望控制模式来保持。
在202中使用的纸浆纤维还可以被机械地研磨以改进纤维和纤维的结合并改进化学品和纤维的结合。以此方式,浆体经受了精细加工工艺,其改变了纤维材料的游离度或排放速率。精细加工将纤维物理改性以原纤化并使它们更柔性以实现更好的接合。此外,精细加工工艺可增加最终产品的拉伸强度和爆裂强度。在各种实施例中,游离度和纤维的表面条件和溶胀有关。游离度(csf)适当地在200至700的范围内,并且对本文所述的许多工艺和产品而言优选地为约220至250。
对用于各种纤维基包装和容器的化学式(在本文中有时被称为“化学成分”)和产品配置以及其制造方法,现在将结合图3至19进行描述。
产品容器
图3是示出了卷边302、悬裙边304以及包括用于增强环箍强度的外弓、测肋条306和底部肋条308的各种结构特征的示范性产品容器(例如,蘑菇屉(mushroom till))300的透视图。在该背景下,术语环箍强度指的是沿相对的矢量310施加的侧向力相对于所引起的挠曲的量度。尽管容器的初始环箍强度主要是几何结构的函数,但是随着容器吸收从其内含物(例如,蘑菇)浸出的水分,环箍强度趋向于劣化。本发明人已经确定,将各种几何特征与针对各种应用优化的浆体化学成分结合可以在延长的保质期保持环箍强度。也就是说,通过将防潮阻隔剂合并到浆体内(和/或涂覆防潮表面涂层),即使容器内含物渗出水分,环箍强度也可以保持更长的时间段。
图4是容器400的端视图,其大体上类似于图3中所示的容器,并且示出了宽度尺寸402、高度尺寸404以及在0.1至5毫米的范围内且优选为约1.5mm的裙边长度408。在所示实施例中,裙边向下延伸;替代地,裙边可以以相对于竖直平面的倾斜角或钝角延伸。宽度尺寸402和高度尺寸404可以是任何期望值,例如在20至400mm的范围内,并且优选为约60至200mm。
如以上所简要提到的,用于根据本发明的真空模具容器的各种浆体包括纸浆和水的纤维基混合物,其具有添加的化学组分以赋予适用于各种特定产品应用的期望性能特性。基纤维可以包含至少以下材料的任一种或组合:软木(SW)、蔗渣、竹子、旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC)以及报纸(NP)。替代地,基纤维可根据以下资源来选择,其整体内容通过本引用结合于此:“木质纤维素纤维和木材手册:用于当今环境的可再生材料(LignocellulosicFibers and Wood Handbook:Renewable Materials for Today's Environment)”,Mohamed Naceur Belgacem和Antonio Pizzi编辑(Scrivener出版有限责任公司2016年版权),且可在https://books.google.com/books?id=jTL8CwAAQBAJ&printsec= frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false获得;“在白纸和板的生产过程中高效使用荧光增白剂和阴影着色剂(Efficient Use of Flourescent Whitening Agents and ShadingColorants in the Production of White Paper and Board)”,Liisa Ohlsson和RobertFedere,《非洲纸浆和纸周刊(African Pulp and Paper Week)》,2002年10月8日公开,可以在http//:www.tappsa.co.za/archive/APPW2002/Title/Efficient use of fluorescent w/efficient use of fluorescent w.html获得;纤维素纸浆、纤维和材料:Cellucon'98记录,J F Kennedy、G O Phillips、P A Williams编辑,Woodhead出版有限责任公司版权200,可以在https://books.google.com/books?id=xO2iAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v =onepage&q&f=false获得;以及1992年12月8日发布的标题为“应用酶和絮凝剂以增强造纸浆的游离度”(“Application of Enzymes and Flocculants for Enhancing theFreeness of Paper Making Pulp”)的美国专利第5,169,497 A号。
对于利用湿压或干压任一种制造的真空模制产品容器,可以使用具有OCC和NP的纤维基,其中OCC组分在50%至100%之间,并且优选具有约70%的OCC和30%的NP,还有添加的水分/水排斥剂,其按重量计在1%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1.5%至4%,以及最优选为约4%。在优选实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂可以包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)(例如,AKD8o)和/或长链双烯酮,可以在http://www.fobchem.com/html_products/Alkyl-Ketene- Dimer%EF%BC%88AKD-WAX%EF%BC%89.html#.VozozvkrKUk上从FOBCHEM获得;以及在http://www.yztianchengchem.com/en/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid =38&id=124&gclid=CPbn65aUg8oCFRCOaQodoJUGRg上从兖州天成化工有限公司(Yanzhou Tiancheng Chemical Co.,Ltd.)获得。
为了针对模制的纸浆产品得到特定的颜色,可以向纸浆添加阳离子染料或纤维活性染料。纤维活性染料,如Procion MX,在分子水平上与纤维键合从而化学地变成纤维的一部分。同样,添加盐、苏打灰和/或升高纸浆温度将有助于吸收的染料被进一步锁定在纤维中以防止颜色渗出并增强颜色深度。
为了增强结构刚性,可以向浆体添加淀粉组分,例如,可以商购的液体淀粉,例如L98阳离子添加剂、Hercobond以及L95阳离子添加剂(可以从爱荷华州锡达拉皮兹市的Penford产品公司得到)。替代地,液体淀粉还可以与低电荷的液体阳离子淀粉组合,如那些可以得到的,如阳离子添加剂和PAF 9137 BR阳离子添加剂(同样可以从爱荷华州锡达拉皮兹市的Penford产品公司得到)。
对于干压工艺,可以添加Topcat L95,其重量百分比在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至7%,并且特别对于需要在高湿度环境中保持强度的产品,最优选为约6.5%;否则,最优选为约1.5%至2.0%。对于湿压工艺,由改性的聚胺制成的诸如TopcatL95或Hercobond的干性强度添加剂与纤维和细料形成氢键和离子键两者。干性强度添加剂有助于增强干性强度以及排水和驻留,并且在将阴离子、疏水物和上浆剂固定到纤维产品内的过程中也是有效的。可以添加这些添加剂,其重量百分比在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至6%,以及最优选为约3.5%。此外,湿式和干式工艺均可受益于湿强度添加剂的添加,例如,利用聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂(例如,Kymene 577)或类似组分配制的溶液,它们可以通过在http://www.ashland.com/products上的亚什兰(Ashland)特种化学品获得。在优选实施例中,可以添加Kymene 577,其体积百分比范围为0.5%至10%,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约2%,或者等量于干燥添加剂的剂量。Kymene 577是一类聚阳离子材料,其每个分子含有平均两个或更多个氨基和/或季铵盐基团。此类氨基趋向于在酸性溶液中质子化以产生阳离子物质。聚阳离子材料的其他示例包含通过利用环氧氯丙烷改性含有聚酰胺(如那些由冷凝己二酸和二亚甲基三胺制备的)的氨基得到的聚合物,它们可以商购为来自Hercules的Hercosett 57和来自Ciba-Geigy的催化剂3774。
在一些包装应用中,希望允许空气流过容器,例如,为了利于内含物(例如,番茄)的熟化或避免损坏。然而,常规的真空工具通常利用向下引导的水喷雾来冲洗来自模具的过量纤维,从而限制了成品产品中所得到的通气孔的大小。本发明人已经确定,重新定向喷雾利于在冲洗循环期间更大程度的去除纤维、针对给定模具配置在成品产品中产生更大的通风孔。
更具体地,图5A是包含延长的排料孔502的示范性产品容器500的透视图。图5B是示出延长的通气孔506的容器504的端视图。在该背景下,术语“延长的通气孔”指的是利用以下所讨论的图9至图7中所示的经修改的工具制造的孔。
现在参考图6A至6C,可以采用几何特征的各种组合来增强食品容器的结构刚性/一体性。通过非限制性示例,可以在侧壁的上部区域和下部区域之间设置一个或多个水平延伸的搁架602、604。对于包含单个搁架的侧壁,搁架可以设置在距离托盘的顶部在壁高度的30%至50%的范围内,并且优选约35%。搁架可以通过压痕加工侧面板和/或改变拔模角度来形成。例如,在图6C中所示的实施例中,下部区域606呈现出在约4°至6°的范围内(并且优选为约5°)的拔模角,而上部区域608呈现出在约6°至8°的范围内(并且优选为约7°)的拔模角。
继续参考图6A至6C,可以沿食品容器的底部面板和沿食品容器的侧面板向上设置各种肋条构造610。肋条可以被配置为在搁架处、在搁架上方(例如,在侧壁的上部区域中,例如,距离顶部边缘向下25%的距离)、在搁架下方(例如,在侧壁的下部区域中,例如距离搁架向下25%的距离)或者在侧壁的顶部边缘处终止。如图6C中所示,肋条612可以从容器的底部向上延伸并且在搁架处终止,由此后续的肋条614可以从肋条612偏移并从搁架向上延伸。肋条可以按照倒圆、正方形或其他期望的几何形状或构造来终止。
通气孔工具
图7是定向水喷射清洗系统700,其包含多个重新定向的喷嘴704,它们被配置为冲洗来自通气孔插入件706的过量纸浆。更具体地,模具(未示出)被丝网708覆盖,模具包含和成品产品中的通气孔相对应的插入件。供给导管702向歧管711分配冲洗水,该歧管包含多个喷嘴,每个喷嘴被配置为引导冲洗水以去除插入件附近的过量纤维。
暂时参考图8,歧管811的一部分的近距离视图800示出了喷嘴802,其被配置为在对应插入件706附近引导冲洗水。以此方式,在更大范围去除了插入件周围的残余纤维,从而相比于仅利用从上方喷洒的水冲洗模具的当前已知系统,在成品产品中得到了延长的通气孔。重要的是,可以在无需调节基础(underlying)模具或插入件的前提下实现延长的通气孔。
如图9中所见,经定向以由本发明的改进喷嘴去除的过量的纤维900,利用现有的模具和当前已知的插入件提供了延长的通气孔。
可微波加热的容器
基于通过开发前述产品容器所获得的知识,本发明人已经确定,通过优化浆体化学成分,可以使模制纤维容器适合作为适合于在微波、对流和常规烤箱中使用的一次性食品容器。特别地,浆体化学成分应当有利地适应以下三种性能度量中的一个或多个:i)水分阻隔剂;ii)油阻隔剂;以及iii)水蒸汽(冷凝)阻隔剂,用来避免由于将热容器放置在具有比容器更低的温度的表面上而引起的冷凝。在这种背景下,水蒸汽渗透过容器的程度和本发明寻求降低的容器的孔隙率有关。也就是说,即使容器有效地不透油和水,如果水蒸汽渗透过容器,特别是如果水蒸汽在较冷表面上冷凝从而留下水分环,其可能仍然损害用户体验。本发明人已经进一步确定,在纤维基应用中冷凝问题特别显著,因为水蒸汽通常不会渗透过塑性阻隔剂。
因此,对于可微波加热的容器,本发明构思了一种纤维或纸浆基的浆体,其包含水阻隔剂、油阻隔剂和水蒸汽阻隔剂,以及任选的助留剂。在一实施例中,可以使用具有比值在约10%至90%的范围内,并且优选为约7:3的软木(SW)/蔗渣的纤维基。可以使用AKD作为水分阻隔剂,其在0.5%至10%的范围内并且优选为约1.5%至4%,以及最优选为约3.5%。作为油阻隔剂,排斥油脂和油的添加剂通常是水基氟乳液,其含有氟碳树脂的组合物或其他含氟聚合物,如UNIDYNE TG 8111或UNIDYNE TG-8731,它们可以在http:// www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-properties/unidyne-tg8111.html上从Daikin或World of Chemicals获得。浆体(或外用涂层)的油阻隔剂组分可以包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的百分比,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约2.5%。作为助留剂,有机化合物,如可以从伊利诺伊州内伯威尔市的Nalco公司获得的Nalco 7527,可以在按体积计0.1%至1%的范围内采用,并且优选为约0.3%。最后,为了增强成品产品,可以采用诸如无机盐的干性强度添加剂(例如,Hercobond 6950,可以在http:// solenis.com/en/idustries/tissue-towel//innovations/hercobond-dry-strength- additives/上获得;还可以参见http://www.sfm.state.or.us/CR2K_SubDB/MSDS/HERCOBOND_6950.PDF),其按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1.5%至5%,以及最优选为约4%。
如以上所提到的,蒸汽阻隔剂性能直接受纤维托盘的孔隙率的影响。降低纤维托盘的孔隙率并且由此提高蒸汽阻隔剂性能可以利用至少两种方法来实现。一种是通过研磨纤维来提高托盘材料的游离度。第二种是通过利用例如Daikin S2066的局部用喷涂层,其为水基长链含氟聚合物。可以实施喷涂涂层,其为按重量计约0.1%至3%的范围,并且优选为约0.2%至1.5%,以及最优选为约1%。
现在参考图10,一种示范性的可微波加热的食品容器1000示出了两个隔室;替代地,该容器可以包括任何期望的形状(例如,圆形碗状、椭圆形、矩形等)。如上所述,可以将各种水、油和蒸气阻隔添加剂混合到浆体内,局部涂覆作为涂层上的喷雾,或者两者兼有。
肉品容器
当前已知的肉品托盘,如那些用于在杂货店展示家禽、牛肉、猪肉以及海鲜的托盘,通常由基于塑料的材料制成,如聚苯乙烯和泡沫塑料,主要是因为它们有优异的水分阻隔特性。本发明人已经确定,用于可微波加热的容器的前述化学成分的变型可以适合于在肉品托盘中使用,特别是针对水分阻隔剂而言(油和孔隙阻隔剂在肉品托盘中通常并不那么重要,因为它们在微波容器中)。
因此,对于肉品容器,本发明构思了一种纤维或纸浆基的浆体,其包含水阻隔剂和任选的油阻隔剂。在一实施例中,可以使用具有比值在约10%至90%的范围内、并且优选为约7:3的软木(SW)/蔗渣和/或竹子/蔗渣的纤维基。可以使用AKD作为水分/水阻隔剂,其在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约4%。可以采用水基乳液作为油阻隔剂,如UNIDYNE TG 8111或UNIDYNE TG-8731。浆体(或局部用涂层)的油阻隔剂组分可以包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的百分比,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约1.5%。最后,为了增强成品产品,可以采用诸如Hercobond 6950的干性强度添加剂,按重量计其在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1.5%至4%,以及最优选为约4%。
如以上结合产品容器所讨论的,浆体化学成分可以与结构特征相组合以通过防止水分/水渗入到托盘内而提供随时间延长了的刚性。
图11A是示范性肉品容器1100的透视图,而图11B是图11A中所示包含侧壁肋条1102和底部肋条1104的肉品容器的端视图。
图12是包含肋条1202的示范性浅肉品容器1200的透视图,该肋条沿底部并沿侧壁向上延伸、在搁架1204处终止。从第一肋条1202偏移的第二肋条1206从搁架向上延伸。
饮料盖
尽管纤维和纸浆基的纸杯广为人知,但是饮料工业仍然需要可持续的纤维基盖解决方案。对广泛采用纤维基盖的显著阻碍与按照允许将盖方便地从模具移除的方式将零拔模或负拔模包含到盖内的能力密切相关。此外,纤维基化学成分必须适合于提供适当的水分/水阻隔性,使得在存在液体的情况下不会损害盖的刚性。由本发明构思的方法、化学式以及工具按照一定方式解决了现有技术迄今未解决的这些问题。
特别地,用于盖的化学成分类似于以上所讨论的肉品托盘和微波碗。具体地,对于饮料容器盖,本发明构思了一种纤维或纸浆基浆体,其包含水/水分阻隔剂和任选的助留剂。在一实施例中,可以使用具有比值在约10%至90%的范围内、并且优选为约7:3的软木(SW)/蔗渣和/或竹子/蔗渣的纤维基。可以使用AKD作为水分/水阻隔剂,其在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约4%。刚性可以通过Hercobond 6950来增强,其按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约2%,或者替代地,和系统中所使用的干性强度添加剂等同的量。还可以添加Kymene,其在0.5%至10%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至4%,以及最优选为约3%。在各种实施例中,可以在添加AKD之前向浆体添加Hercobond和/或Kymene(或功能类似的添加剂)。
现在参考图13,示范性的盖1300包含被保持壁1303围绕的倾斜平台1302,该保持壁被设计为促使离开容器内部的液体朝向啜饮孔1304。可以在平台1302上设置小通气孔1310。冠部1306限定了在杯子的顶部(未示出)与平台1302之间的体积空间,并且锁定环1308被配置为牢固地卡在杯子的顶部周围。图14是图13中所示的盖的顶视图,其包含平台1402、通气孔1410以及啜饮孔1404,以用于对比。
图15是盖1500的侧视图,突出显示了与锁定环相关联的负拔模1522。传统观点认为真空模制产品可以不体现零拔模或负拔模特征部,因为常规的真空模具工具不允许从工具上移除成品件,因为负拔模特征部将按照与成本件将其自身“锁定”到配合的部件(此处为饮料杯)相同的方式将成品件“锁定”到工具上。为了克服这种限制,本发明构思了一种尽管存在零拔模或负拔模锁定特征仍能从模具移除盖的真空模具工具,如以下结合图13至18更详细描述的。
盖工具
一种用于制作具有零拔模或负拔模的纤维基盖的工具,其包括可缩回活塞,该可缩回活塞具有大致于盖的镜像的形状,并且被配置为伸长以从模具锁定盖的部分解锁成品盖。
现在参考图16,其是根据各种实施例的用于在制造图13至15中所示盖的过程中使用的示范性模具组件的透视图。更具体地,模具组件1600包含支撑(对应于图13中的锁定环1308的)锁定环模具部分1608的模具块1620、包括具有(对应于图13的倾斜平台1302的)倾斜平台1602的冠部部分1630的可缩回活塞组件,以及轴部分1640。在操作中,盖在浆体浴(未示出)中真空形成并且随后被转移到图16中所示的热压机上。盖工具的内螺纹部分(female portion)随后利用热量和压力压缩湿式真空成形的盖。
图17是被显示为处于缩回位置的图16的模具的侧视图。具体地,当活塞处于图17中所示的缩回位置时,活塞的冠部部分1706和模具块1720的锁定环部分1708相邻。当盖被压制成形时,盖的负拔模部分1522(参见图15)锁定在模具的锁定环部分1708的对应负拔模部分1722周围。为了从模具移除成品件,向上延伸活塞,从而促使盖的锁定环暂时膨胀并从模具解锁。
图18示出了处于伸长位置的活塞。具体地,轴1840促使冠部部分1830远离锁定环部分1808,从而将盖从模具的负拔模特征部1822解锁。在一实施例中,活塞被气动地延伸,并且允许其在释放高压空气时通过其自身重量缩回。
实用和装运容器
图19是根据各种实施例的包含侧壁肋条1902和周边唇缘1904的实用(非食品)容器1900的透视图。取决于所含材料的性质,可以在构造容器的过程中使用上述化学成分中的任一种或组合。例如,如果所含液体包含水组分,则可以采用适当的水分/水阻隔剂;如果所含材料包含油组分,则可以采用适当的油阻隔剂,等等。
尽管已经在前述实施例的背景下描述了本发明,可以理解本发明并不限于此。例如,基于本发明的教导,可以调整各种几何特征和化学成分以涵盖其他应用。
由此提供了一种用于制造产品容器的方法。该方法包含:形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括产品容器的镜像;将丝网浸没在纤维基浆体浴中;遍布丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面处累积;以及从浆体浴移除丝网;其中浆体包括按重量计在1.5%至4%的范围内的水分/水阻隔剂组分。
在一实施例中,浆体包括在约4%范围的水分阻隔剂组分。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)80。
在一实施例中,浆体包括具有比值在0.5/9.5的范围的OCC/NP的纤维基。
在一实施例中,浆体进一步包括按重量计在1%至7%的范围内的干性强度组分。
在一实施例中,淀粉组分包括阳离子液体淀粉。
在一实施例中,浆体进一步包括按重量计在1%至4%的范围内的湿强度组分,如Kymene(例如,Kymene 577)。
在一实施例中,模具包括卷边,卷边包含竖直下降的裙边。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD,其中AKD可以添加到纸浆浆体作为稀释溶液(例如,1:10的ADK:水);浆体包括在1%至7%的范围内的阳离子液体淀粉组分;以及模具包括卷边,卷边包含竖直下降的裙边、至少一个底部肋条和至少一个侧壁肋条。
还提供了一种根据前述方法制造的产品容器。
在一种真空模具组件中提供了定向冲洗组件,该种类型的真空模具组件包含围绕模具结构的丝网,该模具结构具有基本上竖直的插入件,该插入件被配置为在成品容器中提供通气孔。定向冲洗组件包含:水供给导管;连接至水供给导管的歧管;以及连接至歧管并被配置为沿具有水平分量的矢量引导在插入件处水的喷雾的喷嘴。
在一实施例中,模具包含多个基本上竖直的插入件,并且定向冲洗组件进一步包括多个喷嘴,每个喷嘴被配置为沿各自具有水平分量的相应矢量引导在相应插入件处水的喷雾。
还提供了一种用于制造零孔隙率或者几乎零孔隙率的食品容器的方法。该方法包含湿压过程作为第一步骤,之后是额外的表面涂覆过程以用于涂覆水基长链含氟聚合物(如Dikin S 2066)的薄层,该水基长链含氟聚合物按重量计在约0.5%至6%的范围内,并且优选为约1%至5%,以及最优选为约4%。
还提供了一种用于制造可微波加热和/或与烤箱相配的食品容器的方法。该方法包含:形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括可微波加热食品容器的镜像;将丝网浸没在纤维基浆体浴中;遍布丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面累积;以及从浆体浴移除丝网;其中浆体包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的水分阻隔剂组分、按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的油阻隔剂以及按重量计在0.05%至5%的范围内的助留剂。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂组分在约1.5%至4%的范围内,油阻隔剂在约1%至4%的范围内,且助留剂在约0.1%至0.5%的范围内。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)79。
在一实施例中,浆体包括具有比值在0.5/9.5的范围的SW/蔗渣的纤维基。
在一实施例中,浆体进一步包括按重量计在1%至5%的范围内的刚性组分。
在一实施例中,刚性组分包括干燥无机盐。
在一实施例中,油阻隔剂包括水基乳液。
在一实施例中,油阻隔剂包括TG 8111。
在一实施例中,助留剂包括有机化合物。
在一实施例中,助留剂包括Nalco 7527。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD;浆体包括蔗渣和干燥无机盐;油阻隔剂包括水基乳液;且水汽阻隔剂包括有机化合物。
还提供了根据前述方法制造的可微波加热的容器。
提供了一种制造肉品托盘的方法,该方法包含:形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括肉品托盘的镜像;将丝网浸没在纤维基浆体浴中;遍布丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面累积;以及从浆体浴移除丝网;其中浆体包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的水分/水阻隔剂组分和按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的油阻隔剂。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂组分在约1%至4%的范围内,且油阻隔剂在约1%至4的范围内。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)79。
在一实施例中,浆体包括具有比值在1/9的范围的SW/蔗渣的纤维基。
在一实施例中,浆体包含按重量计在1.5%至4%的范围内的刚性组分。
在一实施例中,刚性组分包括干燥无机盐。
在一实施例中,油阻隔剂包括水基乳液。
在一实施例中,油阻隔剂包括按重量计在约1.5%的范围的TG8111;可以将TG8111添加到纸浆浆体作为稀释溶液(例如,1:5的TG8111:水)。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD;浆体包括蔗渣和干燥无机盐;并且油阻隔剂包括水基乳液。
还提供了根据前述方法制造的肉品托盘。
在一实施例中,肉品托盘包括至少一个侧壁肋条和至少一个底部肋条。
还提供了一种制造用于饮料容器的盖的方法。该方法包含:形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括盖的镜像;将丝网浸没在纤维基浆体浴中;遍布丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面累积;以及从浆体浴移除丝网;其中浆体包含按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的水分/水阻隔剂组分、按重量计在1%至4%的范围内的刚性组分,以及在约1%至4%的范围内的聚阳离子组分。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂组分在约1%至4%的范围内,且油阻隔剂在约1%至4%的范围内。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
在一实施例中,水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)80。
在一实施例中,浆体包括具有比值在1/9的范围的SW/蔗渣的纤维基。
在一实施例中,浆体进一步包括按重量计在1.%至4%的范围内的刚性组分。
在一实施例中,刚性组分包括干燥无机盐。
在一实施例中,水分/水阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD;浆体包括蔗渣和干燥无机盐;并且浆体包括按重量计在约1%至4%的范围内的聚阳离子材料。
还提供了根据前述方法制造的盖。
在一实施例中,盖进一步包含具有非正拔模的锁定环。
还提供了一种用于制造纤维基饮料盖的真空工具,该纤维基饮料盖具有冠部和包含负拔模的锁定环。该工具包含:模具块,其支撑对应于盖锁定环的锁定环模具部分;可缩回活塞组件,其包括对应于盖冠部的冠部模具部分和活塞轴;以及气动式致动器,其被配置为使活塞轴延伸,由此从锁定环模具部分移除盖锁定环。
在一实施例中,真空工具进一步包含可移除地包围冠部模具部分和锁定环模具部分的丝网。
如本文中所使用的,词语“示范性”意思是“用作示例、实例或例示说明”。在本文中被描述为“示范性”的任何实施方式不一定要解释为相对于其他实施方式是优选的或有利的,也并非旨在被解释为必须按照字面复制的模型。
尽管前述详细描述可以为本领域技术人员提供用于实现本发明的各种实施例的方便路线图,但是应当理解,以上所述的特定实施例仅作为示例,并且并非旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围、适用性或配置。相反,可以在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下在各要素的功能和设置方面做出各种改变。
Claims (75)
1.一种制造用于饮料容器的盖的方法,包括:
形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括所述盖的镜像;
将所述丝网浸没在纤维基浆体浴中;
遍布所述丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面处累积;以及
从所述浆体浴移除所述丝网;
其中所述浆体包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的水分阻隔剂组分和按重量计在1%至4%的范围内的刚性组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂组分在约1%至4%的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂组分包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述烷基烯酮二聚体包括长链双烯酮。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括纤维基,所述纤维基具有比值在约7:3至约9:1的范围内的软木(SW)/蔗渣。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述刚性组分包括淀粉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述刚性组分包括液体淀粉。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述刚性组分包括干燥无机盐。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD;
所述浆体包括蔗渣;并且
所述浆体进一步包括按重量计在约1%至4%的范围内的聚阳离子材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括在约0.5%至10%的范围内的聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中在将所述水分阻隔剂添加到所述浆体之前将所述PAE树脂添加到所述浆体。
12.一种根据权利要求1所述的方法制造的盖。
13.根据权利要求12所述的盖,包括具有非正拔模的锁定环。
14.根据权利要求13所述的盖,包括具有负拔模的锁定环。
15.一种用于在真空成形食品容器盖中使用的浆体,所述浆体包括按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内的水分阻隔剂组分、按重量计在1%至4%的范围内的刚性组分,以及在约1%至4%的范围内的聚阳离子组分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的浆体,进一步包括纤维基,所述纤维基包括比值在约7:3至约9:1的范围内的软木(SW)和蔗渣。
17.根据权利要求15所述的浆体,进一步包括按重量计在1%至4%的范围内的Hercobond刚性组分。
18.一种用于制造纤维基饮料盖的真空工具,所述纤维基饮料盖具有冠部和包含非正拔模的锁定环,所述工具包括:
模具块,其支撑对应于所述盖锁定环的锁定环模具部分;
可缩回活塞组件,其包括对应于所述盖冠部的冠部模具部分和活塞轴;以及
气动式致动器,其被配置为使所述活塞轴延伸以由此从所述锁定环模具部分移除所述盖锁定环。
19.根据权利要求18所述的真空工具,进一步包括可移除地包围所述冠部模具部分和所述锁定环模具部分的丝网。
20.根据权利要求18所述的真空工具,其中所述非正拔模包括负拔模。
21.一种制造纤维基产品容器的方法,包括:
以对应于所述产品容器的模具的形状形成网;
将所述网浸没在纤维基浆体中;
遍布所述网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在网表面处累积以由此形成所述产品容器;以及
之后从浆体浴移除所述产品容器并干燥所述产品容器;
其中所述浆体包括按重量计在1%至10%的范围内的烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)基水分阻隔剂组分。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂组分在约4%的范围。
23.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中干燥包括将所述产品容器放置在烘箱中。
24.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂组分包括长链双烯酮。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括着色剂,所述着色剂包括阳离子染料和纤维活性染料中的一种。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括染料吸收剂,所述染料吸收剂包括盐和苏打灰中的一种。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法,进一步包括以湿法工艺或干法工艺中的一种处理具有累积纤维颗粒的所述网。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括按重量计在1%至7%的范围内的淀粉组分。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述淀粉组分包括阳离子液体淀粉。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述淀粉组分包括改性的聚胺,所述改性的聚胺与纤维形成氢键和离子键两者。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述淀粉组分包括聚酰胺-环氧氯丙烷(PAE)树脂。
32.一种根据权利要求21所述的方法制造的产品容器。
33.一种根据权利要求31所述的方法制造的产品容器。
34.一种制作纤维基产品容器的方法,包括:
将网模具浸没在浆体内并遍布所述模具地抽真空以形成所述产品容器;并且
从所述浆体移除所述产品容器并在烘箱中干燥所述产品容器;
其中所述浆体包含按重量计在约2%至6%的范围内的AKD水分阻隔剂组分和按重量计在1%至7%的范围内的阳离子液体淀粉组分。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括纤维基,所述纤维基具有以下中的至少一种:软木(SW);蔗渣;竹子;旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC);以及报纸(NP)。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括在约70%的范围的旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC)和在约30%的范围的报纸(NP)。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述网模具限定了水平延伸的搁架,所述搁架设置在容器侧壁的顶部下方约30%至50%的范围内。
38.一种制造肉品托盘的方法,包括:
提供呈所述肉品托盘的形状的丝网模具;
将所述模具浸没在纤维基浆体中;
遍布所述丝模具地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面处累积;并且
从所述浆体移除所述模具和附着的纤维颗粒;以及
随后干燥所述纤维颗粒以产生所述肉品托盘;
其中所述浆体包含第一组分和第二组分,所述第一组分包括水分阻隔剂,所述第二组分包括油阻隔剂。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内,且所述油阻隔剂按重量计在0.5%至10%的范围内。
40.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂按重量计在约1%至4%的范围内,且所述油阻隔剂在约1%至4%的范围内。
41.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
42.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述烷基烯酮二聚体包括长链双烯酮。
43.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述油阻隔剂包括水基乳液。
44.根据权利要求41所述的方法,其中所述油阻隔剂包括按重量计在约1.5%的范围的水基氟乳液。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括纤维基,所述纤维基具有比例在约30%的范围的软木和蔗渣。
46.根据权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括具有约70%的竹子和约30%的蔗渣的纤维基。
47.根据权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括按重量计在1.5%至4%的范围内的强度添加剂。
48.根据权利要求47所述的方法,其中所述强度添加剂包括液体淀粉。
49.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中:
所述水分阻隔剂包括在约4%的范围的AKD;
所述浆体包括蔗渣;并且
所述油阻隔剂包括在约1.5%的范围的水基乳液。
50.一种根据权利要求49所述的方法的肉品托盘。
51.一种对在真空成形肉品托盘中使用的浆体进行混合的方法,包括:
提供包含蔗渣的纤维基;
向所述纤维基添加包含按重量计在约4%的范围的AKD的水分阻隔剂;以及
向所述纤维基添加包含按重量计在约1.5%的范围的水基乳液的油阻隔剂。
52.根据权利要求51所述的方法,其中所述油阻隔剂包括水基氟乳液。
53.根据权利要求52所述的方法,进一步包括向所述纤维基添加干性强度添加剂,所述干性强度添加剂包括按重量计在1.5%至4%的范围内的液体淀粉。
54.根据权利要求53所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括以下中的至少一种:软木(SW);蔗渣;竹子;旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC);以及报纸(NP)。
55.根据权利要求54所述的方法,其中所述浆体的纤维基包括在约70%的范围的旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC)和在约30%的范围的报纸(NP)。
56.一种真空成形纤维基肉品托盘的方法,包括:
提供具有纤维基的浆体,所述纤维基包括软木和蔗渣中的至少一种;
向所述浆体添加水分阻隔剂和油阻隔剂;
将呈所述肉品托盘的形状的丝网模具浸没到所述浆体中并遍布所述模具地抽真空以形成所述肉品托盘;以及
从所述浆体移除所述肉品托盘并干燥所述肉品托盘。
57.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中:
所述水分阻隔剂包括按重量计在约4%的范围的AKD;并且
所述油阻隔剂包括按重量计在约1.5%的范围的水基乳液。
58.一种制造可微波加热的食品容器的方法,包括:
形成附于模具的丝网,所述模具包括所述可微波加热的食品容器的镜像;
将所述丝网浸没在纤维基浆体中,所述纤维基浆体包含水分阻隔剂组分和油阻隔剂组分;
遍布所述丝网地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面处累积;并且
从所述浆体浴移除包含累积纤维颗粒的、呈所述可微波加热的食品容器的形式的丝网;
至少部分地干燥所述可微波加热的食品容器;以及对至少部分经干燥的可微波加热的食品容器的表面涂覆水汽阻隔剂。
59.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括助留剂。
60.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中:
所述水分阻隔剂包括在0.5%至10%的范围内的浆体重量;并且
所述油阻隔剂包括在0.5%至10%的范围内的浆体重量。
61.根据权利要求59所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂在约1.5%至4%的范围内,所述油阻隔剂在约1%至4%的范围内,且所述助留剂在约0.1%至约0.5%的范围内。
62.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂包括烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
63.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述水分阻隔剂组分包括在约3.5%的范围的烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)。
64.根据权利要求63所述的方法,其中所述油阻隔剂包括水基乳液。
65.根据权利要求64所述的方法,其中所述水基乳液包含氟,所述氟含有氟碳树脂和氟聚合物中的至少一种。
66.根据权利要求65所述的方法,其中所述浆体进一步包括按重量计在1%至5%的范围内的刚性组分。
67.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述刚性组分包括无机盐。
68.根据权利要求58所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:研磨纤维以获得在100至700的范围内的游离度,以及将经研磨的纤维引入到所述浆体内。
69.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述水汽阻隔剂包括长链氟基聚合物。
70.根据权利要求58所述的方法,其中所述水汽阻隔剂包括在所述浆体重量的约0.1%至3%的范围内的喷涂层。
71.根据权利要求59所述的方法,其中所述助留剂包括在所述浆体体积的0.1%至1%的范围内的有机化合物。
72.一种根据权利要求58所述的方法制造的可微波加热的容器。
73.一种制造可微波加热的食品容器的方法,包括:
将丝网模具浸没在纤维基浆体中,所述纤维基浆体包含水分阻隔添加剂和油阻隔添加剂;
遍布所述丝网模具地抽真空以使纤维颗粒在丝网表面处累积;
随后干燥所述食品容器并从所述模具移除所述食品容器;以及
利用水汽阻隔剂涂覆所述食品容器的内侧表面和外侧表面中的至少一个。
74.根据权利要求73所述的方法,其中所述浆体包括以下中的至少一种:软木(SW);蔗渣;竹子;旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC);以及报纸(NP)。
75.根据权利要求74所述的方法,其中所述浆体的纤维基包括在约70%的范围的旧瓦楞纸箱(OCC)和在约30%的范围的报纸(NP)。
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