CN109705331B - 一种路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109705331B CN109705331B CN201811594131.1A CN201811594131A CN109705331B CN 109705331 B CN109705331 B CN 109705331B CN 201811594131 A CN201811594131 A CN 201811594131A CN 109705331 B CN109705331 B CN 109705331B
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- lewis acid
- lewis
- epoxide
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/02—Aliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/0208—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0237—Amines
- B01J31/0238—Amines with a primary amino group
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂领域,尤其涉及路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂及其在制备环氧化物均聚物和环氧化物共聚物中的应用。
背景技术
路易斯酸碱对(LPs)应用于催化聚合领域是2010年由科罗拉多州立大学首次报道,最初面向极性乙烯基单体制备聚烯烃材料。由于LPs具备的高活性、控制性强以及易于调控聚合效果等特点,受到国内外的广泛研究。近年研究结果表明,路易斯酸碱对能催化环氧化物/环状酸酐共聚、环氧化物/CO2(COS)共聚,环氧化物/环状酸酐共聚/二氧化碳共聚反应合成聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚(醚-碳酸酯)、聚硫代碳酸酯和聚(碳酸酯-酯)等。但是由于其存在引发效率低,以及“慢引发、快增长”的聚合模式,导致了现有催化体系的活性低、控制性差的问题。
2016年,冯小双等(Zhang,D.;Boopathi,S.K.;Hadjichristidis,N.;Gnanou,Y.;Feng,X.Journal of the American Chemical Society 2016,138,11117.)报道了一个由季铵盐和三乙基硼组成的酸碱对,成功催化了二氧化碳与环氧化物共聚,但是由于催化活性较低,二氧化碳与环氧丙烷的共聚产生的聚碳酸酯交替度不能做到100%,而且其转化频率(TOF)仅能达到49h-1。
2017年,张兴宏等(Yang,J.L.;Wu,H.L.;Li,Y.;Zhang,X.H.;Darensbourg,D.J.Angewandte Chemie 2017,56,5774.)报道了以胍胺、脒、季铵盐或者季鏻盐作为路易斯碱的催化体系,可以催化氧硫化碳与多种环氧化物交替共聚生成结构明确的聚单硫代碳酸酯。但同样局限于催化体系的活性,该体系的转化频率(TOF)也仅能达到113h-1。
因此,研发一种具有高催化活性的路易斯酸碱对仍是目前研发的重点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种由特殊种类的路易斯酸与路易酸碱组成的路易斯酸碱对,兼具催化与引发功能,可用于催化环氧化物均聚反应以及环氧化物共聚反应,且具有极高的催化活性,转化频率最高可达22500h-1。
具体技术方案如下:
一种路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂,包括路易斯酸与路易斯碱,所述路易斯酸的结构通式如下式(Ⅰ)所示,所述路易斯碱的结构通式如下式(Ⅱ-1)或(Ⅱ-2)所示;
式中:
A选自元素B或元素Al;
R1、R2、R3、R4独立地选自烷基、烷氧基、芳基或卤素;
所述烷基或烷氧基的碳数为1~16;
所述芳基上含有0~5个取代基,取代基选自甲基、甲氧基或卤素。
n选自1~16的整数。
发明人经研究发现,路易斯酸碱对中的配位键结构是催化聚合反应的活性中心,该结构作用于环氧化物使其开环并插入一分子的共聚单体以后,可以认为聚合反应的链引发阶段完成,形成链增长中心。背景技术中公开的胍胺或者季铵盐类的路易斯碱,也可与三乙基硼等路易斯酸配合形成具有活性的路易斯酸碱对,但在位阻效应和电子效应的综合影响下,形成活性中心的速度很慢,是典型的“慢引发,快增长”聚合模式,导致了聚合物的分子量大小不可预估,分子量分布宽的问题。而且该路易斯酸碱对在涉及二氧化碳的聚合反应中,活化的二氧化碳分子与活性中心的碰撞概率较低,导致其插入速度较慢,不利于形成全交替的聚合物。这些问题大大限制了所合成的聚合物材料的应用。
经试验发现,本发明公开的路易斯酸碱对以含硼或含铝的化合物作为路易斯酸,再利用碱性中等而又具有一定位阻的单中心或双中心的叔胺类化合物作为路易斯碱,该路易斯酸碱对组成的配位键结构可以大大提升形成聚合活性中心的速度,将聚合模式改变为“快引发,快增长”。该路易斯酸碱对可用于催化环氧化物均聚反应以及环氧化物共聚反应,可达到对聚合过程精确可控,合成出多种结构明确,性能丰富的聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚硫代碳酸酯及其嵌段共聚物等材料。再进一步通过动力学研究以及聚合物的核磁(NMR)和基质辅助激光解吸-时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF)分析,可以确定该路易斯酸碱对催化引发体系制备的聚合物的端基一端为羟基另一端是氯。链末端为羟基说明聚合反应是以进攻环氧化物开环而结束的,氯端基是由后处理过程中,链起始端的季铵盐与盐酸作用生成的,符合我们所提出的路易斯碱作为引发剂的机理。
优选地,所述路易斯酸选自三乙基硼(a)、三丙基硼(b)、三丁基硼(c)、三仲丁基硼烷(d)、三苯基硼(e)、三(五氟苯基)硼(f)、二乙基甲氧基硼烷(g)、二(三甲苯基)氟化硼(h)、三甲基铝(i)、三乙基铝(j)、三异丁基铝(k)、三苯基铝(l)、三(五氟苯基)铝(m)中的至少一种。
优选地,所述路易斯碱选自三乙基胺(A)、三丙基胺(B)、三丁基胺(C)、十二烷基二甲基叔胺(D)、十四烷基二甲基叔胺(E)、十六烷基二甲基叔胺(F)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺(G)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(H)、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺(I)、N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(J)、N,N,N',N'-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺(K)中的至少一种。
进一步优选,所述路易斯碱选自N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺中的至少一种。
经试验发现,采用双中心的叔胺作为路易斯碱,在与含硼或含铝的路易斯酸复合获得的路易斯酸碱对具有更高的催化活性。分析其原因可能是因为双中心的叔胺可以增加催化引发剂与单体的作用,从而可以从增大阿伦尼乌斯公式指前因子的角度出发,实现聚合速率的提升去进行解释。
本发明还公开了上述的路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物均聚物和环氧化物共聚物中的应用,以证明其具有优异的催化活性。
所述应用包括用于环氧化物均聚物的制备与环氧化物共聚物的制备,在上述应用中,所述路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为0.125~8:1。
具体地,当应用于环氧化物均聚物的制备时,以环氧化物为单体,以所述路易斯酸碱对同时作为催化剂与引发剂,在本体或溶液条件下进行均聚反应。
所述环氧化物选自但不限于环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、环氧丁烷、环氧异丁烷、环氧环己烷、4-乙烯基环氧环己烷、氧化苯乙烯、氧化柠檬烯、环氧环戊烷和C5~C20的α-氧化烯中的至少一种;
所述路易斯酸碱对中,路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为0.5~4:1;
所述路易斯碱与环氧化物的摩尔比为1:50~4000;
所述溶液选自适合于本聚合反应的所有常规溶剂种类,包括四氢呋喃、甲苯、三氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯、二甲基甲酰胺等中的至少一种。
优选地:
所述路易斯酸碱对中,路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为2~4:1;
所述路易斯碱与环氧化物的摩尔比为1:1000~2000。
所述均聚反应中还可选择性地加入链转移剂,一方面起到调节聚合产物分子量的作用,另一方面还可充当聚合物链的起始剂,在较少引发剂的作用下,可以得到更多的聚合物链,从而大幅降低该聚合反应的生产成本。
具体地,所述链转移剂选自醇类小分子、端羟基类聚合物、羧酸类小分子、端羧基类聚合物中的至少一种。包括水、甲醇、乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇甲醚、乙酸、苯甲酸等。
优选地,所述链转移剂选自端基为羟基或羧基且分子量为200~5000g/mol的遥爪聚合物,如聚乙二醇甲醚2000或聚乙二醇4000。
进一步优选,所述链转移剂与路易斯碱的摩尔比为5~100:1;再优选为5~20:1。
所述均聚反应的温度为0~100℃。
优选地:
所述路易斯酸选自三乙基硼、三丁基硼、二(三甲苯基)氟化硼、三乙基铝中的至少一种;
所述路易斯碱选自三乙胺、三丁基胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺中的至少一种。进一步优选自N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺中的至少一种。
当应用于环氧化物共聚物的制备时,除以环氧化物为单体外,还需加入共聚单体,再以所述路易斯酸碱对同时作为催化剂与引发剂,在本体或溶液条件下进行共聚反应。
所述环氧化物选自但不限于环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、环氧丁烷、环氧异丁烷、环氧环己烷、4-乙烯基环氧环己烷、氧化苯乙烯、氧化柠檬烯、环氧环戊烷和C5~C20的α-氧化烯中的至少一种;
所述共聚单体选自但不限于C1单体、环酸酐、环内酯中的至少一种;
所述C1单体选自但不限于二氧化碳、氧硫化碳、二硫化碳中的至少一种;
所述环酸酐选自但不限于马来酸酐、戊二酸酐、丁二酸酐、二甘醇酐、邻苯二酸酐中的至少一种;
所述环内酯选自但不限于丙内酯、丁内酯、戊内酯、己内酯、庚内酯、乙交酯、丙交酯、二甲基三亚甲基酯中的至少一种。
优选地:
所述路易斯酸碱对中,路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为0.2~8:1;
所述路易斯碱与环氧化物的摩尔比为1:50~4000;
所述环氧化物与共聚单体的摩尔比为1:1~10;
所述溶液选自适合于本聚合反应的所有常规溶剂种类,包括四氢呋喃、甲苯、三氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯、二甲基甲酰胺等中的至少一种。
所述共聚反应中也可选择性地加入链转移剂,一方面起到调节聚合产物的分子质量,另一方面还可替代部分催化剂使用,从而大幅降低该聚合反应的生产成本。
具体地,所述链转移剂选自醇类小分子、端羟基类聚合物、羧酸类小分子、端羧基类聚合物中的至少一种。包括水、甲醇、乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇甲醚、乙酸、苯甲酸等。
优选地,所述链转移剂选自端基为羟基或羧基且分子量为200~5000g/mol的遥爪聚合物,如聚乙二醇甲醚2000或聚乙二醇4000。
进一步优选,所述链转移剂与路易斯碱的摩尔比为10~50:1,再优选为10~20:1。
所述共聚反应的温度为0~100℃,在自生压力下反应0.01~150h。
优选地:
所述路易斯酸选自三乙基硼、三丁基硼、二(三甲苯基)氟化硼、三乙基铝中的至少一种;
所述路易斯碱选自三乙胺、三丁基胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺中的至少一种。进一步优选自N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺中的至少一种。
经试验发现,所述路易斯酸碱对尤其适用于催化引发环氧化物/CO2共聚反应,通过观察产物的1H NMR谱图发现,以该路易斯酸碱对体系催化引发制备的聚合产物为完全的交替链节结构,未见聚醚链节所对应的峰。
所述路易斯酸碱对还尤其适用于催化引发环氧化物/COS共聚反应,可显著提高该反应的催化活性,最优选的催化引发体系为N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺/三乙基硼,经测试,该催化体系转换频率最高可达22500h-1。
本发明提供了一种基于叔胺作为路易斯碱的路易斯酸碱对催化体系,实现了环氧单体开环聚合与共聚的极高反应活性。相对于现有技术,该催化体系具有显著的结构特点和催化效果如下:
1)催化剂的转化频率最高可达22500h-1,比已知的季铵盐/路易斯酸或者胍胺/路易斯酸催化体系的活性高出两个数量级以上;
2)该催化体系催化环氧化物与C1单体的共聚反应时,可以在原料等当量的聚合条件下得到全交替结构的产物,最大程度地体现了原子经济性。
附图说明
图1为实施例3制备的共聚产物的核磁共振(1H NMR)分析谱图;
图2为实施例6制备的共聚产物的核磁共振(1H NMR)分析谱图;
图3为实施例7制备的共聚产物的核磁共振(1H NMR)分析谱图;
图4为实施例7制备的共聚产物的核磁共振(13C NMR)分析谱图;
图5为实施例10制备的共聚产物的基质辅助激光解吸时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF)分析谱图。
具体实施方式
为了更为具体地描述本发明,下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1PO一锅法开环聚合合成聚醚
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱1三乙胺(TEA)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:2;路易斯碱1与环氧丙烷(PO)的摩尔比为1/1000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于60℃油浴中于自生压力下反应12h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例2PO一锅法开环聚合合成聚醚
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱2三丁胺(TBA)和路易斯酸三乙基铝(TEAl),二者摩尔比为1:4;路易斯碱2与环氧丙烷(PO)的摩尔比为1/2000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于40℃油浴中于自生压力下反应10h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例3CO2/PO一锅法共聚合成聚碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸三丁基硼(TBB),二者摩尔比为0.5:1;再加入CO2、PO(CO2与PO摩尔比1:1)和3mL四氢呋喃(THF),路易斯碱3与环氧丙烷(PO)的摩尔比为1/500。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于40℃油浴中于自生压力下反应8h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
本实施例制备得到的聚碳酸酯的1H NMR谱图如图1所示。观察图1可知,图中未见聚醚链节所对应的峰,说明所得产物为交替链节结构;图中还给出了聚碳酸酯链节上的各氢原子所对应的峰位置和积分面积。
实施例4CO2/PO一锅法共聚合成聚碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E)和三丁基硼(TBB),二者摩尔比为1:1;再加入CO2、环氧丙烷(PO)(CO2与PO摩尔比3:1)和3mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),路易斯碱3与PO的摩尔比为1/100。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于0℃冰水浴中于自生压力下反应16h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例5CO2/PO一锅法共聚合成聚碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱4N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺(E-P)和路易斯酸二(三甲苯基)氟化硼(FTMB),二者摩尔比为1:2;再加入CO2、环氧丙烷(PO)(CO2与PO摩尔比1:1)和3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),路易斯碱4与PO的摩尔比为1/50。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于80℃油浴中于自生压力下反应0.5h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例6CO2/CHO一锅法共聚合成聚碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱5N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺(E-M)和路易斯酸三乙基铝(TEAl),二者摩尔比为1:8;再加入CO2、环氧环己烷(CHO)(CO2与CHO摩尔比1:1),路易斯碱5与CHO的摩尔比为1/250。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于80℃油浴中于自生压力下反应8h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
本实施例制备得到的聚碳酸酯的1H NMR谱图如图2所示。观察图2可知,图中未见聚醚链节所对应的峰,说明所得产物为交替链节结构;图中还给出了聚碳酸酯链节上的各氢原子所对应的峰位置和积分面积。
实施例7COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱6N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(M-E)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:2;再加入COS、环氧丙烷(PO)(COS与PO摩尔比10:1)和3mL二甲亚砜(DMSO),路易斯碱6与PO的摩尔比为1/2000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于25℃油浴中于自生压力下反应2h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
本实施例制备得到的聚单硫代碳酸酯的1H NMR谱图如图3所示,13C NMR谱图如图4所示。观察图3可知,图中未见聚醚、聚硫醚以及其他各种硫代碳酸酯链节所对应的峰,说明所得产物为交替链节结构;图中还给出了单硫代碳酸酯链节上的各氢原子所对应的峰位置和积分面积。观察图4可知,共聚产物的头尾结构含量≥99%。
实施例8COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱7N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:1;再加入COS、环氧丙烷(PO)(COS与PO摩尔比2:1),路易斯碱1与PO的摩尔比为1/500。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于60℃油浴中于自生压力下反应0.017h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例9COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱7N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺(M-M)和路易斯酸三乙基铝(TEAl),二者摩尔比为1:0.8;再加入COS、环氧丙烷(PO)(COS与PO摩尔比1:1)和3mL二甲亚砜(DMSO),路易斯碱1与PO的摩尔比为1/1000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于25℃油浴中于自生压力下反应1h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例10COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸二(三甲苯基)氟化硼(FTMB),二者摩尔比为1:2;再加入COS、环氧丙烷(PO)(COS与PO摩尔比2:1)和3mL四氢呋喃(THF),路易斯碱3与PO的摩尔比为1/50。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于50℃油浴中于自生压力下反应0.5h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。通过图5所示的基质辅助激光解吸-时间飞行质谱(MALDI-TOF)分析可以确定该路易斯酸碱对催化引发体系制备的聚合物的端基一端为羟基另一端是氯。链末端为羟基说明聚合反应是以进攻环氧化物开环而结束的,氯端基是由于后处理过程中,链起始端的季铵盐与盐酸作用形成的,符合我们所提出的路易斯碱作为引发剂的机理。
实施例11COS/PGE一锅法共聚合成聚碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:4;再加入COS、PGE(COS与PGE摩尔比10:1)和3mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),路易斯碱3与PGE的摩尔比为1/4000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于100℃油浴中于自生压力下反应8h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例12COS/CHO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸三乙基铝(TEAl),二者摩尔比为5:1;再加入COS、环氧环己烷(CHO)(COS与CHO摩尔比1:1)和3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),路易斯碱与CHO的摩尔比为1/800。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于80℃油浴中于自生压力下反应10h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例13COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯-MPEG两嵌段共聚物
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱5N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺(E-M)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为0.2:1;再加入COS、PO(COS与PO摩尔比5:1)和路易斯碱10倍摩尔量的MPEG2000与3mL邻二氯苯(OCTB),路易斯碱5与PO的摩尔比为1/1000。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于60℃油浴中于自生压力下反应10h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
由于链转移剂具有一个活性末端,所以最终形成的是两嵌段共聚物。通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例14COS/PO一锅法共聚合成聚单硫代碳酸酯-PEG三嵌段共聚物聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱6N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(M-E)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:1;再加入COS、PO(COS与PO摩尔比2:1)和路易斯碱10倍摩尔量的PEG4000与3mL邻二氯苯(OCTB),路易斯碱与PO的摩尔比为1/500。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于60℃油浴中于自生压力下反应6h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
由于链转移剂具有两个活性末端,所以最终形成的是三嵌段共聚物。通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例15MA/PO一锅法共聚合成不饱和聚酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱1三乙胺(TEA)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:1;再加入MA、PO(PO与MA摩尔比1:4),路易斯碱1与PO的摩尔比为1/100。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于45℃油浴中反应12h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
实施例16SA/PO一锅法共聚合成聚酯
聚合反应前先将10mL的高压反应釜于110℃下2小时左右除去水分并在干燥器中冷却至室温;依次向反应釜中加入若干质量的路易斯碱3为N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E)和路易斯酸三乙基硼(TEB),二者摩尔比为1:1;再加入SA、PO(PO与SA摩尔比1:4),路易斯碱3与PO的摩尔比为1/100。然后将高压反应釜封闭,置于60℃油浴中反应10h。反应结束后冷却至室温,先用四氢呋喃溶解粗产物,再在乙醇/去离子水/盐酸的混合物中沉淀出聚合物,重复洗三次,真空干燥至恒重。
通过核磁氢谱计算聚合物中各链节含量,通过凝胶色谱测定聚合物的分子量与分子量分布,测试结果见表1。
表1
1环氧化物种类。2路易斯碱种类:1三乙胺(TEA),2为三丁基胺(TBA),3为N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺(E-E),4为N,N,N',N'-四乙基丙二胺(E-P),5为N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺(E-M),6为N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺(M-E),7为N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺(M-M)。3路易斯酸种类,TEB:三乙基硼,TBB:三丁基硼,FTMB:二(三甲苯基)氟化硼,TEAl:三乙基铝。4[路易斯碱]:[路易斯酸]:[环氧化物:[共聚单体]的摩尔比。5共聚单体种类,CO2:二氧化碳;COS:氧硫化碳;MA:马来酸酐;SA:丁二酸酐。6溶剂种类,THF:四氢呋喃,DMF:二甲基甲酰胺,DMSO:二甲亚砜,ODCB:邻二氯苯。7Mn:数均分子量,由凝胶渗透色谱法测定。8PDI:分子量分布,由凝胶渗透色谱法测定。9加入摩尔量10倍于路易斯碱的链转移剂聚乙二醇甲醚2000。10加入摩尔量10倍于路易斯碱的链转移剂聚乙二醇4000。
Claims (5)
1.一种路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物共聚物中的应用,其特征在于:
所述路易斯酸的结构通式如下式(Ⅰ)所示;
式中:
A选自元素B或元素Al;
R1、R2、R3独立地选自烷基、烷氧基、芳基或卤素;
所述烷基或烷氧基的碳数为1~16;
所述芳基上含有0~5个取代基,取代基选自甲基、甲氧基或卤素;
所述路易斯碱选自N,N,N',N'-四甲基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基甲二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺中的至少一种;
所述路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为0.125~8:1;
在制备所述环氧化物共聚物中,共聚单体选自二氧化碳或氧硫化碳,环氧化物选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、环氧丁烷、环氧异丁烷、环氧环己烷、4-乙烯基环氧环己烷、氧化苯乙烯、氧化柠檬烯、环氧环戊烷中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物共聚物中的应用,其特征在于,所述路易斯酸选自三乙基硼、三丙基硼、三丁基硼、三仲丁基硼烷、三苯基硼、三(五氟苯基)硼、二乙基甲氧基硼烷、二(三甲苯基)氟化硼、三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三苯基铝、三(五氟苯基)铝中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物共聚物中的应用,其特征在于,所述环氧化物共聚物的制备中,路易斯酸与路易斯碱的摩尔比为0.2~8:1;
路易斯碱与环氧化物的摩尔比为1:50~4000;
环氧化物与共聚单体的摩尔比为1:1~10;
共聚反应在本体或溶液条件下进行,所述共聚反应的温度为0~100℃,在自生压力下反应0.01~150h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物共聚物中的应用,其特征在于,所述环氧化物共聚物的制备中,共聚单体选自氧硫化碳,路易斯碱选自N,N,N',N'-四乙基乙二胺,路易斯酸选自三乙基硼。
5.根据权利要求1所述的路易斯酸碱对催化引发剂在制备环氧化物共聚物中的应用,其特征在于,所述环氧化物共聚物的制备中,还加入链转移剂;
所述链转移剂选自醇类小分子、端羟基类聚合物、羧酸类小分子、端羧基类聚合物中的至少一种。
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