CN109679060A - 耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109679060A
CN109679060A CN201811568260.3A CN201811568260A CN109679060A CN 109679060 A CN109679060 A CN 109679060A CN 201811568260 A CN201811568260 A CN 201811568260A CN 109679060 A CN109679060 A CN 109679060A
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刘兆阳
李涛
董良
孟平
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Shandong Inov Polyurethane Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚氨酯应用技术领域,具体涉及一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,由A组分和B组分制成,其中,A组分为预聚物,‑NCO的含量为2~5%,以重量百分数计,由二异氰酸酯TDI‑80 0~25%、二异氰酸酯TDI‑100 0~25%、二异氰酸酯MDI‑50 0~20%和聚酯多元醇75~90%,在75~90℃反应制得;B组分为固化剂组分,由醇或胺类扩链剂脱水而得。本发明制得的聚氨酯弹性体不仅具有较高的耐溶剂性,而且体系耐低温效果明显,本发明同时提供了上述耐溶剂聚氨酯弹性体简单易行的制备方法。

Description

耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯应用技术领域,具体涉及一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性体其弹性模量处于橡胶和塑料之间,且兼具两者的优异性能,因具有高强度、抗撕裂、耐磨耗、挠曲性能好、耐油脂及化学品等出众优点,因而得到广泛应用。合成聚氨酯的多元醇的原材料品种繁多,配方多样,按基础原材料成分分类,可以分为聚酯型、聚醚型和聚烯烃型,各种类型聚氨酯弹性体适应环境不同。在实际的应用中,由于印刷印染行业用的聚氨酯产品长时间接触有机溶剂,如醇、酯、酮等,因此,提高聚氨酯的耐溶剂性可以拓宽其应用领域。
通常丁二酸系列聚酯型耐溶剂聚氨酯和苯酐系列聚酯型的耐溶剂聚氨酯耐溶剂效果十分优良,长期以来被广泛使用,但由于在使用过程中低温性能差,限制了其应用领域。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,具有较高的耐溶剂性,并且体系耐低温效果明显;本发明还提供其制备方法,科学合理、简单易行。
本发明所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,由A组分和B组分制成,其中,
A组分为预聚物,-NCO的含量为2~5%,以重量百分数计,由二异氰酸酯TDI-80 0~25%、二异氰酸酯TDI-100 0~25%、二异氰酸酯MDI-50 0~20%和聚酯多元醇75~90%,在75℃~90℃反应制得;
B组分为固化剂组分,由醇或胺类扩链剂脱水而得;
A组分中,所述的聚酯多元醇为以下a、b、c三种聚酯多元醇的一种或几种,
a、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,1,2-丙二醇占乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇总量的摩尔百分比为50~80%;
b、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有1,4-丁二醇和三羟基甲基丙烷的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,三羟基甲基丙烷占1,4-丁二醇和三羟基甲基丙烷总量的摩尔百分比为5~10%;
c、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有乙二醇和甲基丙二醇的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,甲基丙二醇占乙二醇和甲基丙二醇总量的摩尔百分比为10~20%。
优选地,A组分中,所述的聚酯多元醇为PE-2815、PE-2318TN、PE-2315或PE-2320中的一种或几种。
其中,PE-2318TN为山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司市售产品。
聚酯多元醇中链段越规整其结晶性越好,从而影响聚氨酯低温性能。通过在聚酯多元醇中加入三官能度TMP或者在聚酯多元醇引入PG、MPO等含有侧基的小分子醇破坏聚酯多元醇的结晶性,提高聚氨酯的耐低温性能。
B组分中,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺或三羟基甲基丙烷中的一种或几种。
B组分中,水分含量≤0.03%。此处,水分含量是指醇类扩链剂脱水后的水分含量。
A组分与B组分的质量比为:A:B=100:2~6。
本发明所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将A、B组分混合均匀,浇入模具中硫化成型,混合温度为80~110℃,模具温度为90~110℃,10~12小时开模,80~100℃下后硫化10~16h后,得产品。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明通过使用含有一定比例的1,2-丙二醇、三羟基甲基丙烷或甲基丙二醇的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,耐低温、耐溶剂性能好、综合性能优越。与普通聚氨酯弹性体相比,其耐溶剂性一定程度提高,在乙酸乙酯、酒精、异丙醇等溶剂工作环境中,其耐溶剂性能提高,低温性能优异等特点。
2、本发明所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,产品的成型速度慢,可操作时间长。
3、本发明的制备方法,科学合理、简单易行。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不限定本发明。
实施例中所用材料如下:
PE-2315,聚己二酸聚酯二元醇,数均分子量1500,由己二酸、1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇制备而成;
PE-2320,聚己二酸聚酯二元醇,数均分子量2000,由己二酸、1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇制备而成;
PE-2815,聚己二酸聚酯二元醇,数均分子量1500,由己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、三羟基甲基丙烷制备而成;
PE-2318TN,聚己二酸聚酯二元醇,数均分子量1800,由己二酸、乙二醇、甲基丙二醇制备而成;
PE-560,聚丁二酸聚酯二元醇,数均分子量1800,由丁二酸、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇制备而成;
TDI-80,80%质量百分含量的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和20%质量百分含量的2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物;
TDI-100,100%质量百分含量的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯;
MDI-50,2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物;
TEA,三乙醇胺;
TIPA,三异丙醇胺;
TMP,三羟基甲基丙烷;
BDO,1,4-丁二醇。
实施例1
一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的组分如下:
A组分:PE-2815 60.5%,PE-2315 20%,TDI-80 16.6%,MDI-50 2.9%,在80℃反应3.5小时,真空(-0.095MPa)脱除气泡,得到异氰酸根含量为4.5%的预聚体。
B组分:水分含量≦0.03%的BDO和TEA,BDO和TEA质量比为2/8。
B组分的温度控制在40℃,A组分温度80℃,按照A/B=100/5的质量比例混合均匀后,浇注入110℃的模具中,10小时开模,100℃条件下后硫化10h后,可得到硬度为邵氏59A的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的组分如下:
A组分:PE-2318TN 83.6%,TDI-100 16.4%,在80℃反应4小时,真空(-0.095MPa)脱除气泡,得到异氰酸根含量为4.0%的预聚体。
B组分:TIPA和TEA,TIPA和TEA质量比为1/1。
B组分的温度控制在40℃,A组分温度80℃,按照A/B=100/4.8的质量比例混合均匀后,浇注入100℃的模具中,11小时开模,80℃条件下后硫化16h后,可得到硬度为邵氏57A的聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例3
一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的组分如下:
A组分:PE-2320 85.3%,TDI-80 14.7%,在90℃反应3小时,真空(-0.095MPa)脱除气泡,得到异氰酸根含量为3.5%的预聚体。
B组分:水分含量≦0.03%的BDO和TMP,BDO/TMP=2/8。
B组分的温度控制在40℃,A组分温度80℃,按照A/B=100/3.6的质量比例混合均匀后,浇注入90℃的模具中,12小时开模,90℃条件下后硫化13h后,可得到硬度为邵氏55A的聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1
一种聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的组分如下:
A组分:PE-560 83.6%,TDI-100 16.4%,在80℃反应4小时,真空(-0.095MPa)脱除气泡,得到异氰酸根含量为4.0%的预聚体。
B组分:TIPA和TEA,TIPA和TEA质量比为1/1。
B组分的温度控制在40℃,A组分温度80℃,按照A/B=100/4.8的质量比例混合均匀后,浇注入100℃的模具中,11小时开模,80℃条件下后硫化16h后,可得到硬度为邵氏57A的聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例2
一种聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的组分如下:
A组分:PE-2020 85.3%,TDI-80 14.7%,在90℃反应3小时,真空(-0.095MPa)脱除气泡,得到异氰酸根含量为3.5%的预聚体。
B组分:B组分:水分含量≦0.03%的BDO和TMP,BDO/TMP=2/8。
B组分的温度控制在40℃,A组分温度80℃,按照A/B=100/3.6的质量比例混合均匀后,浇注入90℃的模具中,12小时开模,90℃条件下后硫化13h后,可得到硬度为邵氏55A的聚氨酯弹性体。
对实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的聚氨酯弹性体进行性能测试,溶胀率测试结果见表1,低温性能测试结果见表2。
表1实施例1-3和对比例1-2的溶胀率测试结果
表2实施例1-3和对比例1-2的低温性能测试结果

Claims (6)

1.一种耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:由A组分和B组分制成,其中,
A组分为预聚物,-NCO的含量为2~5%,以重量百分数计,由二异氰酸酯TDI-80 0~25%、二异氰酸酯TDI-100 0~25%、二异氰酸酯MDI-50 0~20%和聚酯多元醇75~90%,在75~90℃反应制得;
B组分为固化剂组分,由醇或胺类扩链剂脱水而得;
A组分中,所述的聚酯多元醇为以下a、b、c三种聚酯多元醇的一种或几种,
a、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,1,2-丙二醇占乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇总量的摩尔百分比为50~80%;
b、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有1,4-丁二醇和三羟基甲基丙烷的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,三羟基甲基丙烷占1,4-丁二醇和三羟基甲基丙烷总量的摩尔百分比为5~10%;
c、数均分子量为1500~3000,官能度为2,含有乙二醇和甲基丙二醇的聚己二酸聚酯多元醇,甲基丙二醇占乙二醇和甲基丙二醇总量的摩尔百分比为10~20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:A组分中,所述的聚酯多元醇为PE-2815、PE-2318TN、PE-2315或PE-2320中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:B组分中,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺或三羟基甲基丙烷中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:B组分中,水分含量≤0.03%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:A组分与B组分的质量比为:A:B=100:2~6。
6.一种权利要求1-5任一所述的耐低温耐溶剂聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
将A、B组分混合均匀,浇入模具中硫化成型,混合温度为80~110℃,模具温度为90~110℃,10~12小时开模,80~100℃下后硫化10~16h后,得产品。
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Application publication date: 20190426