CN109663615A - 一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910020350 Na2WO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxybismuthanyl nitrate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种g‑C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法,以g‑C3N4为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅠ端,以Bi2WO6为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅡ端,导电聚合物聚吡咯为电子介体。以g‑C3N4包裹聚吡咯后加入Bi2WO6溶液中水热法合成g‑C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂,具有稳定、重复利用高的特点,对染料和酚类化合物均有较好的降解效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化剂技术领域,特别是涉及一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
大量的改性研究使得g-C3N4光催化剂的性能有了较大的提升,但其可见光利用范围依然有很大的拓展空间,仅通过掺杂改性也无法解决g-C3N4自身电子-空穴容易复合的问题。克服半导体的自身因素限制问题,必从两方面着手:一方面,减小半导体的禁带宽度,可以扩宽光谱响应范围。另一方面,使导带电势更负,价带电势更正。Z型光催化材料,由多组分构成,能同时满足以上两点要求。g-C3N4与另一光催化剂复合构成Z 型结构后,克服了g-C3N4原本存在的电子-空穴复合率高、循环稳定性能差等问题,表现出了更加优异的光催化性能。
Bi2W06具有钙钛矿型的W06的片层和八面体结构,禁带宽度较窄,光生电子和空穴复合率高。为提高其催化性能,很多研究将g-C3N4、石墨烯等与Bi2W06复合制备光催化材料,但是全固态Z型光催化剂较少。并且,未见以聚吡咯(ppy)等导电高聚物作为电子介体的全固态Z型光催化剂。
发明内容
本发明就是针对上述存在的缺陷而提供一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法,以g-C3N4为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅠ端,以Bi2WO6为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅡ端,导电聚合物聚吡咯为电子介体。以g-C3N4包裹聚吡咯后加入Bi2WO6溶液中水热法合成g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂,具有稳定、重复利用高的特点,对染料和酚类化合物均有较好的降解效果。
本发明的一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂及制备方法技术方案为,一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂,以g-C3N4为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅠ端,以Bi2WO6为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅡ端,导电聚合物聚吡咯为电子介体。
所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,以g-C3N4包裹聚吡咯后加入Bi2WO6溶液中水热法合成g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂。
所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)g-C3N4的制备:将g-C3N4的前驱体研磨30-40min后,升温至500-550℃煅烧5-6h,得到黄色固体粉末;
(2) g-C3N4/ppy的制备:将g-C3N4加入氨水中,磁力搅拌加入吡咯后,冰水浴的条件下搅拌0.4-0.8h得到吡咯氨水溶液;将过硫酸钠加入氨水中形成APS氨水溶液,冰水浴搅拌0.4-0.8h;将APS氨水溶液加入吡咯氨水溶液中冰水浴搅拌20-28h;过滤洗涤后于50-60℃低温烘干得到黑色g-C3N4/ppy粉末;
(3)g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的制备:分别配置Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4溶液,取g-C3N4/ppy加入Na2WO4溶液充分搅拌后,再缓慢加入Bi(NO3)3溶液,将混合物转移至水热反应釜中,170-190℃反应23-25h;产物过滤并洗涤即可得到g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂。
步骤(1)中,g-C3N4由前驱体高温煅烧获得,前驱体为尿素,二氰二胺,硫脲中的至少一种,将前驱体以2℃/ min -5℃/ min的速度升温至500-550℃煅烧4-4.5h,然后保温2-3h。
步骤(1)中,升温速率为2℃/ min -5℃/ min。
步骤(2)中,所述的氨水浓度为0.01mol/L。
步骤(2)中,吡咯氨水溶液的浓度为0.06-0.07(V/V),APS氨水溶液的浓度为133-155g/L,g-C3N4与吡咯氨水溶液、APS氨水溶液的混合溶液的固液比为0.912-9.15 g/L。
步骤(3)中,Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4摩尔比为2:1,g-C3N4/ppy与Bi2WO6溶液的固液比为0.274-2.74g/L。
光催化性能的评价方法:
整个光催化反应在光催化反应器中进行,以汞灯为光源,分别将50mL 20mg/L的污染物加入光催化试管中,加入0.01g g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂,前30min黑暗条件下进行吸附,然后打开进行光催化降解。每隔5分钟取样利用紫外可见分光光度计测量吸光度。记录浓度随时间的变化关系。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明利用具有共轭π结构的导电高聚物聚吡咯作为g-C3N4/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化电子介体,旨在加快电子迁移速率,促进电子空穴有效分离,Z型光催化剂传统的电子介体采用液相溶液中离子态氧化还原电子对,但是存在对离子对的浓度要求,和离子对自身可以与光电子发生反应等问题。全固态Z型光催化剂引入固态导体作为电子介体,克服液相离子对的不足。固态电子介体大多采用高电导率的金属( Au、Ag 和Cd)和石墨烯等。ppy作为导电高聚物,分子中存在大∏共轭电子云,作为电子介体有利于提高电子迁移率。本发明的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂具有稳定、重复利用高的特点,对染料和酚类化合物均有较好的降解效果。
图1为本发明制备的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的TEM透射图片,由图中可看出棒状Bi2WO6与块状g-C3N4结合紧密,图2 所示为g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的SEM电镜图片,可看出块状物质表面形成致密的ppy球形颗粒层。
附图说明:
图1所示为g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的TEM透射图片;
图2 所示为g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的SEM电镜图片;
图3 所示为g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂对罗丹明的循环光降解曲线;
图4所示为g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂对对硝基苯酚的光降解曲线。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明,下面用具体实例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,但是本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1
将10g 二氰二胺研磨30-40min后至于坩埚中,马弗炉中以2℃/ min 升温至550℃煅烧4h,然后550℃保温2h,得到g-C3N4黄色固体粉末。
称取0.274g g-C3N4加入到30ml浓度为0.01mol/L的氨水中。磁力搅拌同时加入1.5ml吡咯,冰水浴的条件搅拌0.5h。称取4.564g过硫酸铵加入30ml 0.01mol/L的氨水中形成APS溶液冰水浴0.5h后将两种溶液混合在一起冰水浴搅拌24h。过滤洗涤将黑色产物于50-60℃低温烘干。
称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 4.8507g溶于10ml硝酸中。称取1.6493g Na2WO4溶于40ml水中。取0.0685g g-C3N4/ppy加入Na2WO4均匀搅拌,缓慢加入Bi(NO3)3溶液,均匀搅拌后将混合物转移至水热反应釜中,180℃反应24h。
产物过滤并洗涤即可得到g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂。
将50mL 20mg/L罗丹明溶液加入光催化试管中,加入0.01g g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂,前30min黑暗条件下进行吸附,然后打开光源进行光催化降解。每隔5分钟取样利用紫外可见分光光度计测量吸光度。记录吸光度随时间的变化关系。将使用过后的0.01g g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂低温烘干后重新放入新的50mL 20mg/L的罗丹明溶液中重复光降解过程。循环操作5次,分别记录吸光度随时间的变化关系,绘制光降解曲线图,如图3所示。可以看出g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6样品的性能非常稳定,5次光降解的降解率均能达到90%以上,循环操作5次后其活性并未发生明显变化。
实施例2
将10g 硫脲研磨30-40min后至于坩埚中,马弗炉中以2℃/ min 升温至550℃煅烧4h,550℃保温2h,得到g-C3N4黄色固体粉末。
称取0.274g g-C3N4加入到30ml浓度为0.01mol/L的氨水中。磁力搅拌同时加入1.5ml吡咯,冰水浴的条件搅拌0.5h。称取4.564g过硫酸钠加入30ml 0.01mol/L的氨水中形成APS溶液冰水浴0.5h后将两种溶液混合在一起冰水浴搅拌24h。过滤洗涤将黑色产物于50-60℃低温烘干。
称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O 4.8507g溶于10ml硝酸中。称取1.6493g Na2WO4溶于40ml水中。在0.0137g-0.137g之间由小到大依次随机取1#,2#,3#,4# g-C3N4/ppy加入Na2WO4均匀搅拌,缓慢加入Bi(NO3)3溶液,均匀搅拌后将混合物转移至水热反应釜中,180℃反应24h。产物过滤并洗涤即可分别得到1#,2#,3#,4# g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂,对应的g-C3N4/ppy与Bi2WO6溶液的固液比分别为0.274,0.548,1.096,2.74g/L。
分别将50mL 20mg/L的对硝基苯酚加入光催化试管中,加入0.01g的1#-4#g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂样品,前30min黑暗条件下进行吸附,然后打开光源进行光催化降解。每隔5分钟取样利用紫外可见分光光度计测量吸光度。记录吸光度随时间的变化关系,绘制光降解曲线图,如图4所示,可见,1-4#g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂对对硝基苯酚降解速率都很快,降解率都在90%以上。
Claims (8)
1.一种g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂,其特征在于,以g-C3N4为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅠ端,以Bi2WO6为固态Z型光催化剂的PSⅡ端,导电聚合物聚吡咯为电子介体。
2.如权利要求1所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以g-C3N4包裹聚吡咯后加入Bi2WO6溶液中水热法合成g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下列步骤:
(1)g-C3N4的制备:将g-C3N4的前驱体研磨30-40min后,升温至500-550℃煅烧5-6h,得到黄色固体粉末;
(2) g-C3N4/ppy的制备:将g-C3N4加入氨水中,磁力搅拌加入吡咯后,冰水浴的条件下搅拌0.4-0.8h得到吡咯氨水溶液;将过硫酸钠加入氨水中形成APS氨水溶液,冰水浴搅拌0.4-0.8h;将APS氨水溶液加入吡咯氨水溶液中冰水浴搅拌20-28h;过滤洗涤后于50-60℃低温烘干得到黑色g-C3N4/ppy粉末;
(3)g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的制备:分别配置Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4溶液,取g-C3N4/ppy加入Na2WO4溶液充分搅拌后,再缓慢加入Bi(NO3)3溶液,将混合物转移至水热反应釜中,170-190℃反应23-25h ;产物过滤并洗涤即可得到g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6固态Z型光催化剂。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,g-C3N4由前驱体高温煅烧获得,前驱体为尿素,二氰二胺,硫脲中的至少一种,将前驱体以2℃/ min -5℃/ min的速度升温至500-550℃煅烧4-4.5h,然后保温2-3h。
5. 根据权利要求3所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,升温速率为2℃/ min -5℃/ min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的氨水浓度为0.01mol/L。
7. 根据权利要求3所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,吡咯氨水溶液的浓度为0.06-0.07(V/V),APS氨水溶液的浓度为133-155g/L,g-C3N4与吡咯氨水溶液、APS氨水溶液的混合溶液的固液比为0.912-9.15 g/L。
8.根据权利要求3所述的g-C3N4/ppy/Bi2WO6的固态Z型光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4摩尔比为2:1,g-C3N4/ppy与Bi2WO6溶液的固液比为0.274-2.74g/L。
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