CN109662321A - 一种复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法。属于微胶囊制品领域。所述微胶囊包括芯材和壁材,所述芯材包含复合益生菌,所述壁材包括魔芋葡甘聚糖和海藻酸钠;复合壁材可以有效提高微胶囊对益生菌的保护效果。采用内源乳化法制备益生菌微胶囊,以海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖与碳酸钙交联成微胶囊,以双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌为实验对象,制得微胶囊。本发明方法操作简单,原料成本低,能明显提高包埋率,性价比较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微胶囊制品领域,具体地,涉及一种复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
益生菌是一类对生物体有益的微生物,一般通过调节肠道微生态平衡发挥作用。益生菌能够调节肠道微生物与相关代谢酶的平衡,并参与刺激机体的免疫调节,通过调节肠道菌群使有益菌成为优势菌群,从而抑制有害菌的生长及相关代谢产物的生成。多年的研究成果表明,益生菌可促进机体对于多种营养物质的吸收,从而增强生物体的抵抗力和免疫力,还可与机体系统共同作用达到降血脂和降血压的目的。
乳酸菌是能代谢产生乳酸的一类细菌总称,乳酸菌是迄今发现的多数对人体有益无害的最大微生物群体。双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌等是普遍被人们所熟知的乳酸菌。而双歧杆菌是肠内最有益的乳酸菌群,具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂、增强免疫等多方面功能。
根据益生菌应用效果的一般概念,只有活菌才能产生益生功效,因此,益生菌在摄入时必须是活的,并且在胃肠道中保持活性。根据国家对益生菌的相关规定,益生菌产品在其保质期内活菌数目或者定植于肠道中的活菌数目不得少于106-107 CFU/mL(g)。但是由于益生菌对存活条件要求较高,现今益生菌制剂仍存在一定的局限性。
为了改善益生菌本身的不耐酸、长期储存稳定性差等缺点,大量研究通过微型胶囊包裹益生菌活菌。微胶囊能够赋予益生菌良好的耐酸性和肠溶性;掩蔽益生菌原有的特殊气味;阻隔热、光、氧气、水分以及噬菌体的侵害;安全、方便地将益生菌应用在食品中,但是,传统的益生菌壁材使用较多的有海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、淀粉等。海藻酸钠(ALG),是由α-L-古罗糖醛酸(G)和β-D-甘露糖醛酸(M)两种单体通过(1→4)糖苷键连接形成的线性嵌段共聚高分子,免疫原性低、生物相容性好,但海藻酸钠对乳酸菌的保护效果一般,其他壁材材料益生元特性较低,不利于有益菌增值,而且,包埋率低。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种复合益生菌微胶囊,并进一步提供制备所述复合益生菌微胶囊的方法,采用所述制备方法制备的微胶囊以将海藻酸钠和魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)作为复合壁材,协同作用,提高包埋率;同时,采用双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌复合益生菌,弥补单一菌株功能上的缺陷,可以发挥更大的益生作用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的具体方案为:
一种复合益生菌微胶囊,包括壁材和芯材,所述壁材包括海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖和碳酸钙;所述芯材中含有的益生菌包括双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌。
本发明另外提供一种复合益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,分别进行接种活化处理,得发酵液;然后将三种益生菌的发酵液进行混合,得到菌悬液;
步骤二、分别称取海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖和碳酸钙粉末,依次加入水中,搅拌均匀,50℃-60℃水浴加热30-60min,溶胀20-30h,得混合液Ⅰ;所述混合液Ⅰ中海藻酸钠的质量体积分数为1%-5%,魔芋葡甘聚糖的质量体积分数为0.3%-2%,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:1-1:5;
步骤三、将步骤一所得的菌悬液和步骤二所得的混合液Ⅰ按照体积比1:3混合均匀,得混合液Ⅱ;然后按照1:1-1:5的水油比将混合液Ⅱ加入到大豆油中,机械搅拌形成油包水液滴后,加入冰醋酸继续搅拌,然后用洗涤介质洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后离心收集得到的微胶囊。
作为对上述制备方法的进一步优化,步骤一中每种益生菌的发酵液中活菌浓度至少为109cfu/mL。
作为对上述制备方法的进一步优化,步骤一中,将三种益生菌以1:1:1的体积比进行混合,得菌悬液。
作为对上述制备方法的进一步优化,步骤三所述大豆油中含有1%的Span80。
有益效果:
1、本文将海藻酸钠和魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)作为复合壁材,选用合适的比例,充分发挥了魔芋葡甘聚糖和海藻酸钠的协同作用,提高包埋率;同时,复合壁材能填充海藻酸钠凝胶的多孔结构,可有效提高微胶囊对乳酸菌的保护效果,其中的KGM具有更好的益生元特性,能够促进乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等短链脂肪酸生成,显著降低pH值,促进双歧杆菌及乳杆菌等有益菌增殖,抑制肠杆菌等有害菌生长。KGM具有肠道清道夫作用, KGM吸水性强,能够增大粪便体积,促进肠蠕动及粪便排泄,减少有毒物吸收,发挥肠道清道夫作用;另外,KGM能改善产品的口感、硬干和色泽等,提高产品品质。
2、本发明采用的芯材为双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌组成的复合益生菌,制备成微胶囊,增加肠道内益生菌的数量,一方面弥补单一益生菌功能上的缺陷,使其发挥出更大的益生作用;另一方面,提高了益生菌耐酸、耐胆盐能力,提高了活菌稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1:
一种复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌菌种,分别接种于三角瓶中活化处理,即37℃培养24h,分别活化三代,当其发酵液活菌浓度达到109cfu/ mL,终止发酵,将三种菌的发酵液按照体积比1:1:1进行混合,得到菌悬液;
(2)分别称取ALG、KGM和碳酸钙粉末,依次缓慢加入水中,机械搅拌30-60分钟后,50℃水浴加热30分钟,溶胀20h,得混合液Ⅰ;所述混合液Ⅰ中海藻酸钠浓度为1%,魔芋葡甘聚糖的浓度为0.3%,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠质量比为1:1。
(3)将步骤(1)所得的菌悬液和步骤(2)所得的混合液Ⅰ按照体积比1:3混合均匀,得混合液Ⅱ;然后再按照1:5的水油比将混合液Ⅱ加入到大豆油中(含1%的Span80),机械搅拌形成油包水液滴;15分钟后,加入200µL冰醋酸继续搅拌,以促进冰醋酸和碳酸钙的接触反应,30分钟后,加入水(含1%的吐温80),待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用水(含1%的吐温80)洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃冰箱保存。所得的微胶囊的包埋率为30%。
实施例2:
一种KGM-ALG复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌菌种,分别接种于三角瓶中活化处理,即37℃培养24h,分别活化三代,当其发酵液活菌浓度达到109cfu/mL,终止发酵,将三种菌的发酵液按照体积比1:1:1进行混合,得到菌悬液;
(2)称取一定量的ALG、KGM和碳酸钙粉末,依次缓慢加入水中,机械搅拌30-60分钟后,55℃水浴加热45分钟,溶胀30小时,得混合液Ⅰ;所述混合液Ⅰ中海藻酸钠浓度为5%,魔芋葡甘聚糖浓度为2%,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠质量比为1:5。
(3)将步骤(1)所得的菌悬液和步骤(2)所得的混合液Ⅰ按照体积比1:3混合均匀,得混合液Ⅱ;然后再按照1:1的水油比将混合液Ⅱ到大豆油中(含1%的Span80),机械搅拌形成油包水液滴;20分钟后,加入200µL冰醋酸继续搅拌,以促进冰醋酸和碳酸钙的接触反应,30分钟后,加入水(含1%的吐温80),待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用水(含1%的吐温80)洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃冰箱保存。所得的微胶囊的包埋率为58%。
实施例3:
一种KGM-ALG复合益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌菌种,分别接种于三角瓶中活化处理,即37℃培养24h,分别活化三代,当其发酵液活菌浓度达到109cfu/mL,终止发酵,将三种菌的发酵液按照体积比1:1:1混合,得到菌悬液;
(2)称取一定量的ALG、KGM和碳酸钙粉末,缓慢加入水中,机械搅拌30-60分钟后,60℃水浴加热60分钟,溶胀24小时,得混合液Ⅰ;所述混合液Ⅰ海藻酸钠浓度为3%,魔芋葡甘聚糖浓度为0.6%,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠质量比为1:3。
(3)将步骤(1)所得的菌悬液和步骤(2)所得的混合液Ⅰ按照体积比1:3混合均匀,得混合液Ⅱ;然后再按照1:3的水油比将混合液Ⅱ到大豆油中(含1%的Span80),机械搅拌形成油包水液滴;15分钟后,加入200µL冰醋酸继续搅拌,以促进冰醋酸和碳酸钙的接触反应,30分钟后,加入水(含1%的吐温80),待凝胶成型的微胶囊都沉降到溶液底部后,吸去油相,用水(含1%的吐温80)洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后将离心收集得到的微胶囊在4℃冰箱保存。所得的微胶囊的包埋率为70%。
以上制得的KGM-ALG复合益生菌微胶囊可应用于保健食品和医药领域。
需要说明的是,以上所述的实施方案应理解为说明性的,而非限制本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。对于本领域技术人员而言,在不背离本发明实质和范围的前提下,对本发明作出的一些非本质的改进和调整仍属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合益生菌微胶囊,包括壁材和芯材,其特征在于:所述壁材包括海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖和碳酸钙;所述芯材中含有的益生菌包括双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种复合益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,分别进行接种活化处理,得发酵液;然后将三种益生菌的发酵液进行混合,得到菌悬液;
步骤二、分别称取海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖和碳酸钙粉末,依次加入水中,搅拌均匀,50℃-60℃水浴加热30-60min,溶胀20-30h,得混合液Ⅰ;所述混合液Ⅰ中海藻酸钠的质量体积分数为1%-5%,魔芋葡甘聚糖的质量体积分数为0.3%-2%,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:1-1:5;
步骤三、将步骤一所得的菌悬液和步骤二所得的混合液Ⅰ按照体积比1:3混合均匀,得混合液Ⅱ;然后按照1:1-1:5的水油比将混合液Ⅱ加入到大豆油中,机械搅拌形成油包水液滴后,加入冰醋酸继续搅拌,然后用洗涤介质洗涤微胶囊,直至无油相残留,最后离心收集得到的微胶囊。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种复合益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤一中每种益生菌的发酵液中活菌浓度至少为109cfu/mL。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种复合益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤一中,将三种益生菌以1:1:1的体积比进行混合,得菌悬液。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种复合益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤三所述大豆油中含有1%的Span80。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种复合益生菌微胶囊在保健食品和医药领域上的应用。
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