CN109653159A - 一种透气防渗毯及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种透气防渗毯及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109653159A
CN109653159A CN201910002398.5A CN201910002398A CN109653159A CN 109653159 A CN109653159 A CN 109653159A CN 201910002398 A CN201910002398 A CN 201910002398A CN 109653159 A CN109653159 A CN 109653159A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
seepage
layer
ventilation anti
particle
permeable layer
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Granted
Application number
CN201910002398.5A
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English (en)
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CN109653159B (zh
Inventor
秦升益
马志坤
胡文星
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renchuang Ecological Environmental Protection Polytron Technologies Inc
Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Renchuang Ecological Environmental Protection Polytron Technologies Inc
Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by Renchuang Ecological Environmental Protection Polytron Technologies Inc, Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd filed Critical Renchuang Ecological Environmental Protection Polytron Technologies Inc
Priority to CN201910002398.5A priority Critical patent/CN109653159B/zh
Publication of CN109653159A publication Critical patent/CN109653159A/zh
Priority to EP20735873.0A priority patent/EP3904601B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/070060 priority patent/WO2020140933A1/zh
Priority to AU2020204728A priority patent/AU2020204728C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109653159B publication Critical patent/CN109653159B/zh
Priority to IL284553A priority patent/IL284553A/en
Priority to US17/366,323 priority patent/US20220009195A1/en
Priority to SA521422444A priority patent/SA521422444B1/ar
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及生态环境修复技术领域，具体涉及一种透气防渗毯及其生产工艺。本发明所述透气防渗毯，包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒。本发明所述的透气防渗毯施工方便、生产效率高、施工过程无粉尘。

Description

一种透气防渗毯及其生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及生态环境修复技术领域，具体涉及一种透气防渗毯及其生产工艺。
背景技术
我国的水资源特别紧缺，总量为28万亿立方米，人均水资源量仅为2170立方米，不足世界平均水平的四分之一，是世界13个贫水国家之一。在我国，可利用的水源主要包括河流水、淡水湖泊水以及浅层地下水。对于河流、湖泊等地表淡水资源，水量损失主要是蒸发与渗漏，据不完全统计，渗漏量占到了水体损失的80％左右。
在现有技术中，为了解决湖泊等地表淡水资源渗漏问题，主要采用防渗层，防渗层是在人工湖湖底利用防渗材料进行处理而形成的结构层。新开挖的人工湖，由于湖底泥土结构疏松，湖水会有渗漏现象。为了防止水渗漏，设计图纸一般都具有防渗层结构。进行防渗处理后，湖水的渗漏得到有效控制，能较大限度地减少水的渗漏损失。目前，主要采用的是土工膜防渗技术、混合材料防渗技术以及膨润土防渗技术。
但上述三种防渗技术主要注重的是材料的防渗性能，对于防渗材料的透气性能则没有过多的要求。现有技术中防渗毯内部多装填土，不具备透气性，遇水成粘稠状，然而如果长时间阻隔地气的上下连通，会使水体含氧量降低，水体自净化功能下降，造成水质恶化。为了解决在防渗的同时透气难的问题，现有技术CN103174107A公开了一种用于河道底部防渗的防渗透气袋，所述防渗透气袋由透气壁袋及填充于其中的透气防渗颗粒构成。所述防渗透气袋既具有防渗性能又具有透气性能。然而由于透气防渗颗粒的流动性好，易泄漏，不方便施工，且施工过程中粉尘较多，造成施工工人的诸多不便。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有防渗透气毯中透气防渗颗粒易泄漏、施工过程粉尘多的问题，进而提供一种施工方便、生产效率高、施工过程无粉尘、且透气防渗效果好的透气防渗毯及其生产工艺。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层,
所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒，所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的0.1％-1000％。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.001mm-5mm；
优选地,所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.075mm-5mm；
所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％-200％。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒为粒径0.048mm-0.075mm的膨胀性颗粒和粒径2.8mm-4mm的膨胀性颗粒的混合物。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土、粘土中的至少一种。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土和粘土的混合物，所述膨润土和粘土的质量比为1:0.1-200。
优选地，所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料及包覆所述骨料的疏水性膜；
所述透气防渗砂层的厚度为1-30mm；
所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.045mm-1mm；
所述疏水性膜的重量占骨料重量的0.005-10％。
优选地，所述疏水性膜为疏水性有机膜，所述疏水性有机膜为由疏水性有机材料形成的膜，所述疏水性有机材料选自疏水性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性硅树脂、石蜡、硅烷中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种；
所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述疏水性有机膜中加入有固化剂，对于不同的有机材料加入不同的固化剂，其中：
对于缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂，所加入的固化剂为脂肪胺、脂环胺、芳香胺、聚酰胺、酸酐、叔胺中的任一种或几种；
对于二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂，所加入的固化剂为六次甲基四胺；
对于有机硅树脂的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡或N，N，N’，N’一四甲基胍盐中的任一种或几种；
对于疏水性聚氨酯树脂，其固化剂为TDI和TMP的加成物，TDI和含羟基组份的预聚物及单组份潮气固化剂、TDI的三聚体；
对于不饱和聚酯，常温时所加入的固化剂为过氧化酮和环烷酸钴；加热时所加入的固化剂为过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化二碳酸酯、二烷基过氧化物、过氧化辛酸叔己酯和过氧化二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述骨料选自石英砂、矿渣、陶粒、玻璃微珠、麦饭石、火山岩、高岭土、石墨中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述骨料为麦饭石、火山岩和高岭土；优选地，所述麦饭石、火山岩和高岭土的质量比为1:5-20:5-20。
优选地，所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将骨料加热至50-400℃；
2)加入疏水性有机材料，搅拌均匀，使其在骨料表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；
3)冷却、破碎、筛分后得到透气防渗颗粒。
优选地，步骤2)在得到覆膜颗粒后还包括向所述覆膜颗粒中加入膨胀性颗粒的步骤，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土、粘土中的至少一种。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒重量占骨料重量的1-20％。
优选地，所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.001mm-5mm。
优选地，所述上透气层和/或下透气层采用聚酯纤维、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳PLA、聚乙内酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩醛、三乙酸纤维素酯、玻璃纤维、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种材料制成。
优选地，所述上透气层与所述下透气层设置有多个连接点，所述上透气层与所述下透气层在每个连接点处通过纤维连接。
优选地，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布层，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布层。本发明中所述透气纤维布为疏水性透气纤维布。
优选地，所述上透气层和/或下透气层为透气性的网状结构。
优选地，所述上透气层为透气纤维布层，所述下透气层为编织布或者无纺布层。
本发明还提供一种上述所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)铺设下透气层；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物铺设到所述下透气层上，并用刮板刮平，在所述下透气层表面形成所述透气防渗砂层；
3)在所述透气防渗砂层上铺设上透气层；
4)将所述上透气层、透气防渗砂层和下透气层经针刺固定连接形成一个整体，制得所述透气防渗毯。
优选地，所述下透气层表面涂覆粘结层。
优选地，所述粘结层为环保胶。
优选地，所述环保胶为丙烯酸树脂、水性环氧树脂中的一种。
优选地，所述上透气层为透气纤维布层，所述下透气层为编织布层或者无纺布层；所述粘结层为环保胶。
优选地，所述步骤1)中，在转棍上涂覆粘结层，接着将所述下透气层铺设在所述转棍上，并随所述转棍向前输送，使粘结层涂覆在所述下透气层的下表面上。
优选地，所述步骤2)为：将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在所述下透气层上方的漏斗铺设在所述下透气层的上表面，并用刮板将所述混合物刮平。
优选地，步骤4)采用疏水性的线通过针刺将所述上透气层、透气防渗砂层和下透气层固定连接形成一个整体，制得所述透气防渗毯。
优选地，所述透气防渗砂层的厚度为1-30mm。在本发明实施例中所述透气防渗砂层的厚度可为3mm、6mm、9mm。
优选地，步骤4)中，通过针刺将所述上透气层上的纤维带到所述下透气层，并固定于所述下透气层内。
优选地，步骤4)中，通过针刺将所述上透气层上的纤维带到所述下透气层，并通过涂覆在所述下透气层上的粘结层将纤维固定。所述针刺中针的直径为0.3-0.5mm,相邻两个针的间距为0.8-1.2mm。
优选地，在上透气层和/或下透气层表面铺设绒线层。
优选地，所述绒线层可以由动物皮毛、化学纤维中的一种或两种编织而成。
优选地，所述化学纤维为腈纶纤维、涤纶纤维、波斯纶纤维中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的透气防渗毯也可以采用焊接的方式使上下透气层和透气防渗砂层粘结固定在一起。
本发明的有益效果：
1)本发明所述的透气防渗毯施工方便、生产效率高、施工过程无粉尘；本发明所述的透气防渗层中的颗粒物更细，使用量可控，用量少，成本低。本发明所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的0.1％-1000％，在此比例下，透气防渗毯的透气性更好，防渗效果也更优异。
透气防渗砂层中加入膨胀性颗粒，使得沙粒之间具有更优的空隙，同时降低了透气防渗颗粒的使用量，膨胀性颗粒的加入增强了透气防渗砂层的疏水功能，避免造成透气防渗砂层中颗粒的不均匀沉降，更有利于施工，同时还可提高透气防渗毯的耐久性和透气性。此外，膨胀性颗粒的加入还可降低透气防渗砂层的厚度，从而降低成本。
2)优选地，本发明所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％-200％，在此比例下，透气防渗毯的透气性和防渗效果进一步的增强。
3)优选地透气防渗颗粒中加入了膨润土和粘土，当膨润土和粘土的质量比为1:0.1-200时，透气防渗毯的透气性能和防水性能更优。
4)优选地，本发明透气防渗颗粒的制备方法中，加入膨胀性颗粒，意外发现可提升透气防渗毯的透气性能和防水性能。
5)本发明所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，工艺简单，通过针刺工艺将上下透气层连接起来，解决了透气防渗砂颗粒不易施工、粉尘多的难题。本发明透气防渗砂层的厚度可用刮板调节，刮板刮多厚，透气防渗砂层就是多厚。本发明将透气防渗砂层限定在1-30mm,上下透气层内的透气防渗砂层不宜太厚，太厚易造成最后卷材卷不动。
本发明所述针刺中针上设置有倒刺，针板竖直向下运动，将上透气层中的纤维带到下透气层处，并通过涂覆在下透气层表面的环保胶固定，同时针板向上运动时将下透气层的纤维带到上透气层处，从而实现上下透气层中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层中颗粒牢固的固定在中间，降低了透气防渗砂层中颗粒的流动性。本发明所述的插针频率可根据下透气层下方的转棍的运动速度进行调节。本发明所述的绒线层可起到加强筋的作用，进一步加强了透气层的强度，同时针上倒刺还可钩带绒线层的纤维实现上下透气层的连接，进一步固定透气防渗砂层中的颗粒。
6)本发明所述的透气防渗毯具有优异的防水、透气效果，可广泛应用于土地修复、河道治理、湖泊治理、房屋的屋顶防渗、沙漠种植、农田或土地防水等领域。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为透气防渗毯生产工艺示意图
其中，1、下层透气纤维布，2、上层透气纤维布，3、漏斗，4、刮板，5、针板，6、转棍，7、透气防渗砂层。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的0.1％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为1mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土，粒径为5mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料石英砂及包覆骨料的聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂。所述聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂为石英砂质量的0.005wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将石英砂颗粒加热到50℃；
2)加入液体聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入聚酰胺固化剂(占石英砂的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆丙烯酸树脂，下层透气纤维布1铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使丙烯酸树脂涂覆在下层透气纤维布1的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层透气纤维布1上方的漏斗3铺设在下层透气纤维布1的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为1mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层透气纤维布1经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.3mm,相邻两个针的距离为0.8mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上下两层透气纤维布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层透气纤维布1处，并通过涂覆在下层透气纤维布1表面的环保胶固定，同时针板5向上运动时将下层透气纤维布1的纤维带到上层透气纤维布2处，从而实现上下层透气纤维布中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例2：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层编织布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的1000％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.045mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为粘土，粒径为0.001mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料石英砂及包覆骨料的聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂。所述聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂为石英砂质量的10wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将石英砂颗粒加热到400℃；
2)加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入脂环胺固化剂(占石英砂的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆水性环氧树脂，下层编织布铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使水性环氧树脂涂覆在下层编织布的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层编织布上方的漏斗3铺设在下层编织布的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为30mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层编织布经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.5mm,相邻两个针的距离为1.2mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上层透气纤维布2和下层编织布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层编织布处，并通过涂覆在下层编织布表面的环保胶进行固定，同时，针板5竖直向上运动，如此反复，从而实现上下层纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例3：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.1mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为粘土，粒径为0.075mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料石英砂及包覆骨料的聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂。所述聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂为石英砂质量的3wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将石英砂颗粒加热到70℃；
2)加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入脂环胺固化剂(占石英砂的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆水性环氧树脂，下层透气纤维布1铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使水性环氧树脂涂覆在下层透气纤维布1的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层透气纤维布1上方的漏斗3铺设在下层透气纤维布1的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为6mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层透气纤维布1经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.4mm,相邻两个针的距离为1.0mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上下两层透气纤维布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层透气纤维布1处，并通过涂覆在下层透气纤维布1表面的环保胶固定，同时针板5向上运动时将下层透气纤维布1的纤维带到上层透气纤维布2处，从而实现上下层透气纤维布中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例4：
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的200％。
实施例5：
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土和粘土的混合物(膨润土与粘土的质量比为1:0.1)，粒径为0.075mm。
实施例6：
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土和粘土的混合物(膨润土与粘土的质量比为1:200)，粒径为0.075mm。
实施例7：
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土和粘土的混合物(膨润土与粘土的质量比为1:50)，粒径为0.075mm。
实施例8：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.1mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为粘土，粒径为0.075mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料及包覆骨料的聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂。所述骨料为麦饭石、火山岩和高岭土的混合物；所述麦饭石、火山岩和高岭土的质量比为1:5:20。所述聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂为骨料质量的3wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将骨料加热到70℃；
2)加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入脂环胺固化剂(占骨料的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在骨料颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆水性环氧树脂，下层透气纤维布1铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使水性环氧树脂涂覆在下层透气纤维布1的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层透气纤维布1上方的漏斗3铺设在下层透气纤维布1的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为6mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层透气纤维布1经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.4mm,相邻两个针的距离为1.0mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上下两层透气纤维布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层透气纤维布1处，并通过涂覆在下层透气纤维布1表面的环保胶固定，同时针板5向上运动时将下层透气纤维布1的纤维带到上层透气纤维布2处，从而实现上下层透气纤维布中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例9：
跟实施例8相比，唯一区别在于所述麦饭石、火山岩和高岭土的质量比为1:20:5。
实施例10：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.1mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为粘土，粒径为0.075mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料及包覆骨料的聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂。所述骨料为石英砂。所述聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂为石英砂质量的3wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将石英砂颗粒加热到70℃；
2)加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入脂环胺固化剂(占石英砂的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒，向覆膜颗粒中加入膨润土(膨润土的粒径为5mm，其加入量占石英砂重量的1wt％)，搅拌均匀，待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆水性环氧树脂，下层透气纤维布1铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使水性环氧树脂涂覆在下层透气纤维布1的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层透气纤维布1上方的漏斗3铺设在下层透气纤维布1的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为6mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层透气纤维布1经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.4mm,相邻两个针的距离为1.0mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上下两层透气纤维布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层透气纤维布1处，并通过涂覆在下层透气纤维布1表面的环保胶固定，同时针板5向上运动时将下层透气纤维布1的纤维带到上层透气纤维布2处，从而实现上下层透气纤维布中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例11：
本实施例提供了一种透气防渗毯，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层，所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层透气纤维布；所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒；所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％；所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.1mm；所述膨胀性颗粒为粘土，粒径为0.075mm。
所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料及包覆骨料的聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂。所述骨料为石英砂。所述聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂为石英砂质量的3wt％。
所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将石英砂颗粒加热到70℃；
2)加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂，充分搅拌，再加入脂环胺固化剂(占石英砂的0.015wt％)，搅拌均匀，使得环氧树脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒，向覆膜颗粒中加入膨润土(膨润土的粒径为0.001mm，其加入量占石英砂重量的20wt％)，搅拌均匀，待冷却后，破碎、筛分后即得透气防渗颗粒。
上述透气防渗毯的生产工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)在转棍6上涂覆水性环氧树脂，下层透气纤维布1铺设在转棍6上，并随转棍6向前输送，使水性环氧树脂涂覆在下层透气纤维布1的下表面上；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物通过设置在下层透气纤维布1上方的漏斗3铺设在下层透气纤维布1的上表面上，并用刮板4将所述混合物刮平，形成透气防渗砂层7，所述透气防渗砂层7的厚度为6mm；
3)在透气防渗砂层7上面铺上上层透气纤维布2；
4)将上层透气纤维布2、透气防渗砂层7、下层透气纤维布1经针板5上针刺固定连接形成一个整体，所述针的直径为0.4mm,相邻两个针的距离为1.0mm，具体地，通过安装在针板5上的针将上下两层透气纤维布穿透，针上设置有倒刺，针板5竖直向下运动，将上层透气纤维布2中的纤维带到下层透气纤维布1处，并通过涂覆在下层透气纤维布1表面的环保胶固定，同时针板5向上运动时将下层透气纤维布1的纤维带到上层透气纤维布2处，从而实现上下层透气纤维布中纤维的连接，将透气防渗砂层7中的颗粒尽量牢固固定在中间，降低流动性，制得透气防渗毯。
实施例12
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述下层透气纤维布表面不涂覆水性环氧树脂，通过针刺将所述上层透气纤维布上的纤维带到所述下层透气纤维布，并固定于所述下层透气纤维布内。
实施例13
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述上层透气纤维布表面铺设一层绒线层。
实施例14
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒为粒径0.048mm的膨润土颗粒和粒径4mm膨润土颗粒的混合物(所述粒径0.048mm的膨润土颗粒和粒径4mm膨润土颗粒的质量比为1:1)，所述透气防渗砂层的厚度为3mm。
实施例15
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述膨胀性颗粒为粒径0.075mm的膨润土颗粒和粒径2.8mm膨润土颗粒的混合物(所述粒径0.075mm的膨润土颗粒和粒径2.8mm膨润土颗粒的质量比为1:10)，所述透气防渗砂层的厚度为9mm。
实施例16
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层编织布。
实施例17
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于所述上透气层为上层透气纤维布，所述下透气层为下层无纺布。
实施例18
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于步骤4)中采用疏水性的线通过常规针刺工艺将所述上层透气纤维布、透气防渗砂层和下层透气纤维布固定连接形成一个整体，制得所述透气防渗毯。
对比例1
跟实施例3相比，唯一区别在于本对比例中透气防渗砂层只采用膨胀性颗粒，不添加透气防渗颗粒。
试验例
对实施例1-11以及对比例1所得的透气防渗毯的透气量及防水性能的检测，结果见表1。对本发明的透气防渗毯的疏水性能及透气性能进行说明：
透气量检测方法的原理是：利用压差法进行测试，在常温下，使试样两侧保持一定的气体压差(1kpa)，通过测量试样低压侧气体压力的变化，从而计算出透气量。阻水高度测定方法见专利CN102890046A一种检测防渗砂防渗性能的装置及方法。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (17)

1.一种透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述透气防渗毯包含上透气层、下透气层及夹持在两者之间的透气防渗砂层；
所述透气防渗砂层包含透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒，所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的0.1％-1000％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.001mm-5mm；优选的,所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.075mm-5mm；
所述膨胀性颗粒的加入量占所述透气防渗颗粒质量的5％-200％；
优选的，所述膨胀性颗粒为粒径0.048mm-0.075mm的膨胀性颗粒和粒径2.8mm-4mm的膨胀性颗粒的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土、粘土中的至少一种；
优选的，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土和粘土的混合物，所述膨润土和粘土的质量比为1:0.1-200。
4.根据权利要求1所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述透气防渗颗粒含有骨料及包覆所述骨料的疏水性膜；
所述疏水性膜的重量占骨料重量的0.005-10％；
所述透气防渗砂层的厚度为1-30mm；
所述透气防渗颗粒的粒径为0.045mm-1mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述疏水性膜为疏水性有机膜，所述疏水性有机膜为由疏水性有机材料形成的膜，所述疏水性有机材料选自疏水性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性硅树脂、石蜡、硅烷中的一种或多种；
优选的，所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种；
所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述骨料选自石英砂、矿渣、陶粒、玻璃微珠、麦饭石、火山岩、高岭土、石墨中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述透气防渗颗粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)将骨料加热至50-400℃；
2)加入疏水性有机材料，搅拌均匀，使其在骨料表面覆膜，得到覆膜颗粒；
3)冷却、破碎、筛分后得到透气防渗颗粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，步骤2)在得到覆膜颗粒后还包括向所述覆膜颗粒中加入膨胀性颗粒的步骤，所述膨胀性颗粒为膨润土、粘土中的至少一种；
所述膨胀性颗粒重量占骨料重量的1-20％；
所述膨胀性颗粒的粒径为0.001mm-5mm。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述上透气层和/或下透气层采用聚酯纤维、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳PLA、聚乙内酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚乙烯醇缩醛、三乙酸纤维素酯、玻璃纤维、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的透气防渗毯，其特征在于，所述上透气层与所述下透气层设置有多个连接点，所述上透气层与所述下透气层在每个连接点处通过纤维连接。
11.一种权利要求1-10任一项所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)铺设下透气层；
2)将透气防渗颗粒和膨胀性颗粒的混合物铺设到所述下透气层上，并用刮板刮平，在所述下透气层表面形成所述透气防渗砂层；
3)在所述透气防渗砂层上铺设上透气层；
4)将所述上透气层、透气防渗砂层和下透气层经针刺固定连接形成一个整体，制得所述透气防渗毯。
12.根据权利要求11所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述下透气层表面涂覆粘结层；和/或，
在上透气层和/或下透气层表面铺设绒线层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述上透气层为透气纤维布层，所述下透气层为编织布层或者无纺布层；
所述粘结层为环保胶。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，步骤4)采用疏水性的线通过针刺将所述上透气层、透气防渗砂层和下透气层固定连接形成一个整体，制得所述透气防渗毯。
15.根据权利要求11所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，步骤4)中，通过针刺将所述上透气层上的纤维带到所述下透气层，并固定于所述下透气层内。
16.根据权利要求12或13所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，步骤4)中，通过针刺将所述上透气层上的纤维带到所述下透气层，并通过涂覆在所述下透气层上的粘结层将纤维固定。
17.根据权利要求12所述的透气防渗毯的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中，在转棍上涂覆粘结层，接着将所述下透气层铺设在所述转棍上，并随所述转棍向前输送，使粘结层涂覆在所述下透气层的下表面上。
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Application publication date: 20190419

Assignee: Beijing Renchuang Ecological Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: BEIJING RECHSAND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2022990000172

Denomination of invention: A breathable impervious blanket and its production process

Granted publication date: 20210615

License type: Common License

Record date: 20220325

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Application publication date: 20190419

Assignee: HEFEI RENCHUANG NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.

Assignor: BEIJING RECHSAND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd.

Contract record no.: X2022990000206

Denomination of invention: A breathable impervious blanket and its production process

Granted publication date: 20210615

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Record date: 20220414

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