CN109650858A - 硅氧负极材料的制备方法及其产品和应用 - Google Patents

硅氧负极材料的制备方法及其产品和应用 Download PDF

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CN109650858A
CN109650858A CN201811549718.0A CN201811549718A CN109650858A CN 109650858 A CN109650858 A CN 109650858A CN 201811549718 A CN201811549718 A CN 201811549718A CN 109650858 A CN109650858 A CN 109650858A
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何丹农
张道明
张芳
王亚坤
卢玉英
吴晓燕
解启飞
邓秉浩
金彩虹
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种硅氧负极材料制备方法及其产品和应用,所述负极材料通式为SiOx,其中,0≤x≤2。本发明提出了一种SiOx负极材料简易的高温气相合成方法,以金属Si粉(d50≈5‑10μm)以及SiO2(d50≈5‑20 nm)作为制备的原材料,溶解于一定量的去离子水中,搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌数小时,直到浆料搅拌均匀。将混合均匀的溶液烘干除去水分。称量一定质量干燥粉末通过压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体。将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx。整个制备方法简单高效,制备的SiOx负极材料具有首效高、克容量大、循环性能好等特点。

Description

硅氧负极材料的制备方法及其产品和应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料化学技术领域,具体涉及到硅氧负极材料的制备方法及其产品和应用,应用于锂离子电池。
背景技术
当前锂离子电池商业化的负极材料为石墨,然而石墨的质量比容量(比较低LiC6,372mAh·g−1),而且高倍率的充放电性能差,与有机溶剂(尤其是PC基的电解质)相容性差。除此之外,石墨负极的工作电压更接近于锂的沉积电压(~100 mV vs Li+/Li),循环过程所产生的 SEI膜会被破坏,从而引发诸多问题。所以,人们的注意力则开始转移到能够开发出高容量,高效率的负极材料。
硅是一种半导体材料,但是应用在锂离子电池中作为负极材料它的嵌锂机制比较复杂,会形成多种硅-锂合金(Li12Si7, Li13Si4, Li15Si4, Li22Si5, Li7Si3等形式),其中硅锂合金(Li22Si5)的理论比容量高达4200 mAh·g−1,是各种合金中最高的,这远远大于石墨的理论比容量。
近年来,SiOx也开始显现出其用于锂离子电池Si基负极材料上的优势,引入了氧,使得首次嵌锂生成了惰性组分,这也造成了脱嵌锂行为下绝对体积的降低。相比较于单质硅,SiOx更有实用化潜力,极具高比能量的锂离子电池材料前景。当前行业制备SiOx普遍存在过程繁杂,条件苛刻,环境要求高,步骤冗长。
发明内容
针对当前行业制备SiOx普遍存在过程繁杂,条件苛刻,环境要求高,步骤冗长的不足,本发明目的在于提供一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于:提供一种上述方法制备的硅氧负极材料产品。
本发明的又一目的在于:提供一种上述产品的应用。
本发明目的通过下述方案实现:一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,所述硅氧负极材料化学式为SiOx,其中,0≤x≤2,其特征在于,采用高温气相合成方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)制备包括粒径d50≈5-10 μm的金属Si粉以及粒径d50≈5-20 nm的SiO2作为原材料;
(2)称取金属Si粉以及SiO2溶解于去离子水中,搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌数小时,直到浆料搅拌均匀;将混合均匀的溶液烘干除去水分,得干燥粉末;
(3)称量一定质量干燥粉末通过压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体;
(4)将模块前驱体转移至高温炉中,热处理得到最终产物SiOx
在上述方案基础上,步骤(2)所述一定质量为根据化学方程式SiO2 + Si → SiOx, x =1.2,通过所需SiOx的质量来计算SiO2 和Si的质量。
步骤(2)所述去离子水通过计算固含量为50-70%下,SiOxx =1.2的质量来计算去离子水的质量。
步骤(4)中所述热处理条件为保温气氛为真空或者氩气,升温速率1-5℃/分钟,1200-1400℃下保温6-8小时,保温后自然冷却至常温。
本发明提供一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,分别称取11.2g金属Si粉(d50≈10 μm) 和36g SiO2(d50≈20 nm) ,溶解于去离子水中,使用高速搅浆机搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌4小时,直到浆料的粘度已达到完全的均一;将均一的混合液置于烘箱内120℃干燥12 h用来除去水分;称量10g干燥后的粉末通过压实密度仪使用1t压力压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体;将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx
本发明还提供了一种硅氧负极材料,根据上述任一所述方法制备得到。
又,本发明也提供了一种硅氧负极材料在锂离子电池中作为负极材料的应用。
本发明提出了一种SiOx负极材料制备方法及其产品和应用,该方法操作简便,工艺简单,适用于工业化生产,应用到锂电池负极材料中,具有首效高、克容量大、循环性能好等特点。
附图说明
图1为实施例1 SiOx XRD图;
图2为实施例1 SiOx充放电图。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下面具体实例进行详细的描述,但是本发明的保护范围不受限于这些实施例子。
实施例1
一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,所述硅氧负极材料化学式为SiOx,其中,0≤x≤2,采用高温气相合成方法,按下述步骤:
分别称取11.2g金属Si粉(d50≈10 μm) 和36g SiO2(d50≈20 nm) ,溶解于一定量的去离子水中,使用高速搅浆机搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌4小时,直到浆料的粘度已达到完全的均一;将均一的浆料置于烘箱内120℃干燥12 h用来除去水分得干燥的粉末;称量10g干燥的粉末通过压实密度仪使用1t压力压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体;将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx
将产物SiOx混合一定比例的粘结剂(LA132,10 wt%)和导电剂(SP,10 wt%),制备成工作电极,组装成电池后静置24 h。在环境温度为25℃的条件下,使用新威尔电池测试系统进行充放电测试,如图1本实施例 SiOx XRD图和图2本实施例 SiOx充放电图所示,设置的截止电压为0.005-2 V,使用的电流密度为:
160 mA·g−1
实施例2
一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,与实施例1近似,按下述步骤:
分别称取11.2g金属Si粉(d50≈5 μm) 和36g SiO2(d50≈10 nm) ,溶解于一定量的去离子水中,使用高速搅浆机搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌4小时,直到浆料的粘度已达到完全的均一。将均一的混合液置于烘箱内120℃干燥12 h用来除去水分。称量10g干燥后的粉末通过压实密度仪使用1t压力压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体。将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx
将产物SiOx混合一定比例的粘结剂(LA132,10 wt%)和导电剂(SP,10 wt%),制备成工作电极,组装成电池后静置24 h。在环境温度为25℃的条件下,使用新威尔电池测试系统进行充放电测试,设置的截止电压为0.005-2 V,使用的电流密度为160 mA·g−1
实施例3
一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,与实施例1近似,按下述步骤:
分别称取11.2g金属Si粉(d50≈5 μm) 和36g SiO2(d50≈5 nm) ,溶解于一定量的去离子水中,使用高速搅浆机搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌4小时,直到浆料的粘度已达到完全的均一。将均一的混合液置于烘箱内120℃干燥12 h用来除去水分。称量10g干燥后的粉末通过压实密度仪使用1t压力压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体。将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx
将产物SiOx混合一定比例的粘结剂(LA132,10 wt%)和导电剂(SP,10 wt%),制备成工作电极,组装成电池后静置24 h。在环境温度为25℃的条件下,使用新威尔电池测试系统进行充放电测试,设置的截止电压为0.005-2 V,使用的电流密度为160 mA·g−1

Claims (7)

1.一种硅氧负极材料的制备方法,所述硅氧负极材料化学式为SiOx,其中,0≤x≤2,其特征在于,采用高温气相合成方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)制备包括粒径d50≈5-10 μm的金属Si粉以及粒径d50≈5-20 nm的SiO2作为原材料;
(2)称取金属Si粉以及SiO2溶解于去离子水中,搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌数小时,直到浆料搅拌均匀;将混合均匀的溶液烘干除去水分,得干燥粉末;
(3)称量一定质量干燥粉末通过压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体;
(4)将模块前驱体转移至高温炉中,热处理得到最终产物SiOx
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅氧负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,根据化学方程式SiO2+Si→ SiOx,x=1.2,通过所需SiOx的质量来计算SiO2和Si的质量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅氧负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述离子水的质量通过计算固含量为50-70%下,SiOxx =1.2的质量来计算得到。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅氧负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述热处理的条件为:保温气氛为真空或者氩气,升温速率1-5℃/分钟,1200-1400℃下保温6-8小时,保温后自然冷却至常温。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的硅氧负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,分别称取d50≈10 μm金属Si粉 11.2g 和d50≈20 nm 的SiO2 36g,溶解去离子水中,使用高速搅浆机搅拌均匀后置于浆料分散机中持续研磨、搅拌4小时,直到浆料的粘度已达到完全的均一;将均一的浆料置于烘箱内120℃干燥12 h用来除去水分的干燥粉末;称量10g干燥后的粉末通过压实密度仪使用1t压力压制成具有一定规则形状的模块前驱体;将前驱体转移至高温真空炉中,在1200℃、100 Pa的条件下热处理8h得到最终产物SiOx
6.一种硅氧负极材料,其特征在于根据权利要求1-5任一所述方法制备得到。
7.一种根据权利要求6所述硅氧负极材料在锂离子电池中作为负极材料的应用。
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CN113793934A (zh) * 2021-09-15 2021-12-14 常州硅源新能材料有限公司 一种双层包覆型硅氧负极材料及其制备方法和具有其的锂离子电池

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Application publication date: 20190419