CN109644850A - A kind of method of factory culture tea shoot - Google Patents
A kind of method of factory culture tea shoot Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644850A CN109644850A CN201910083624.7A CN201910083624A CN109644850A CN 109644850 A CN109644850 A CN 109644850A CN 201910083624 A CN201910083624 A CN 201910083624A CN 109644850 A CN109644850 A CN 109644850A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of tea shoot industrial planting methods.Tea shoot industrial planting method includes selection tea shoot cultivating stand, the control of environmental condition, the selection of matrix, the selection of tea shoot and field planting, tea shoot compounding, fertilizing method, picking bud-leaf.The present invention reaches by controlling indoor ecological environment and realizes tealeaves anniversary quantity-produced purpose.It is planted by indoor goods-shelf type, in " factory " the inner multilayer cultivation for carrying out tea tree, has cut off the contact of tea tree with outdoor air and heavy metal in soil.Tea tree whole process is grown in a closed environment, not by natural environment influence, heavy metal free pollution, no disease and pests harm.By the adjustment of light quality and light intensity, tea leaf quality can be improved.Tea shoot industrial planting method of the invention is the highest facility cultivation method of degree of safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arable farming methods, and in particular to a kind of method of factory culture tea shoot belongs to crop and plants
Train technical field.
Background technique
Tea is as a kind of natural health drink, and favor increasingly by various countries consumer has become and consumed in the world
The most beverage of number.However, the quality and safety of tea problem such as Pesticide Residues in Tea amount is exceeded, poisonous and harmful element pollution causes
The concern of people.
Tealeaves agriculture caused by the pollution of pesticide residue and air and soil used due to prevention and treatment diseases and pests of tea tree is residual,
Content of beary metal excessive problem causes people to the worry of quality and safety of tea.Lead (Pd), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr),
The heavy metals such as arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) can be enriched in the blade of tea tree, cause tealeaves heavy metal pollution, especially tealeaves lead contamination
For problem than more serious, lead is the poisonous substance for acting on human body each system and organ, can be with a series of intracorporal protein, enzyme and ammonia
Functional group's complexing in base acid, the various biochemical and physiological activities of interference body, causes to generate harm to systemic organs.
Application No. is 97114489.3 patent of invention " tray salver formula soilless substyate culture crop and its technique production method ",
Disclose a kind of indoor industrial cultivated crop and method, i.e. tray salver formula soilless substyate culture crop and its technique production method.
It is using peat and the soilless substrate prepared of sawdust through high-temperature sterilization, and using the matrix as batch production vinyl house nursery
With the basis of cultivation, matrix is filled in tray salver formula cultivating container, various crops in plantation, according to needed for various plant growths
The nutrient solution accordingly containing various nutrients is prepared, and the crop in tray salver is applied pour a certain amount of nutrient solution daily, so that it may
Various crops are continuously harvested in the short term, and the crops such as fruits and vegetables of production have nontoxic, non agricultural chemical residuum, entire production
Process odorless, it is free from environmental pollution, disease-free the advantages that.But the technology must daily apply the crop in tray salver and pour centainly
The disadvantages of nutrient solution of amount, operational administrative is more troublesome, is not enough there are high production cost, space utilization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tea shoot industrial planting methods.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be realized by the following method.
A kind of tea shoot industrial planting method of the invention, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
(1) select tea shoot cultivating stand: to take length for 120~130cm, width be 50~60cm, the multilayer of a height of 40~50cm of layer
Shelf is as tea shoot cultivating stand, mounted LED lamp on cultivating stand；A face in cultivating stand is installed by mobilizable transparent plastic film
Door, remaining transparent plastic membrane sealing in three faces；The plastic film of cultivating stand two sides is equipped with several close to ventilated membrane
Venthole, control cultivating stand in humidity be 75%~85%；
(2) control of environmental condition: placing several cultivating stands in the room, and indoor day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, evening 18
~20 DEG C；The light quality of LED light on cultivating stand is polychromatic light, and light intensity is 3000~5000LX, light application time 12h；
(3) matrix selects: water intaking grass or peat soil be matrix, are mounted in flowerpot, are placed in spare in the pallet of 5cm high；Institute
Pallet, peat soil or water plant are stated by buying in the market；
(4) selection and field planting of tea shoot: selecting the health of excellent variety, the annual cuttage seeding of no disease and pests harm, with 800 times of more bacterium
30min is impregnated in spirit, and field planting is in flowerpot after taking-up is dried；It is irrigated after plantation with water, closes film door；
(5) potassium nitrate 30000mg, ammonium sulfate 4600mg, 2500 mg of L-Glutamine, phosphorus tea shoot compounding: are weighed
Acid dihydride potassium 4000mg, calcium chloride 850mg, magnesium sulfate 1850mg, boric acid 10mg, manganese sulfate 40mg, zinc sulfate 15mg, second two
Amine tetraacethyl disodium 373mg, ferrous sulfate 278mg, glycine 20mg, thiamine hydrochloride 1mg, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.5mg, Soviet Union
Propylhomoserin 20mg mixes and is settled to 10L, as tea shoot nutrient solution after being dissolved with water；
(6) it fertilizing method: after cuttage seeding is planted 30 days, is poured with 4 times of dilution of tea shoot nutrient solution, monthly；It is applied on basin
Slow-release fertilizer, every half a year are primary；
(7) pick tealeaves: when tea shoot tree crown, which reaches, to pick tealeaves, picking every month is dark brownish green primary, until germination rate is obvious
Lower than normal value, then new tea shoot is replaced in tea tree aging；
Wherein, step (1) LED light, light quality and intensity of illumination are adjustable；
Step (1) described plastic film, with a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm；
The polychromatic light of step (2) described LED light is 440nm blue light+625run feux rouges+white light；
Step (2) polychromatic light for adjusting LED light, is blue light: feux rouges: white light=1: 3: 1；
Step (6) described slow-release fertilizer is prepared by weight the ratio for N: P: K=30: 10: 10 and is granulated；
Step (6) described slow-release fertilizer, 4 g of every 100 weights；
Step (6) the application slow-release fertilizer, amount of application are each 9-11 grain.
Application effect of the invention:
1. influence of the different substrates to tea cutting transplantation of seedlings survival rate and sprout rate
In order to compare influence of the different substrates to tea cutting transplantation of seedlings survival rate and sprout rate.We devise three kinds it is different
Matrix, comparison result are as shown in table 1.Wherein, the matrix of cultivation is water plant, peat soil and peat soil: 1: 1(volume of perlite ﹦
Than) three kinds.Water plant plantation, first by the water plant of market purchasing, is soaked in water after a night, wrings out on pallet.After seedling is colonized
It is irrigated with water, the water level in pallet is maintained between 0.5~1.0cm.After plantation one month, monthly replacement nutrient solution is primary, basin
On to apply N: P: K ratio be slow-release fertilizer 10 of 30: 10: 10, half a year is primary.Survival rate and sprout rate are counted after 5 months.
Test result shows in three kinds of matrix, water plant be to the transplanting survival rate of tea cutting seedling it is best, reach 96.7%.
It secondly is peat soil.It is using peat soil as highest, sprout rate reaches 174.1%, and water plant is minimum only for sprout rate
125.9%。
Influence of 1 different substrates of table to tea cutting transplantation of seedlings survival rate and yield
Plant number × 100% that sprout rate ﹦ germinative number ÷ is survived
2, the influence that nutrient solution various concentration and Different Fertilization interval time grow tea cutting seedling.
In order to find suitable nutrient solution concentration and fertilising interval time, L is used9(3)4Orthogonal arrage does two factors, three horizontal
Orthogonal test.The length of every plant of sprouting is measured after each 50 plants, 5 months of processing combination kind.Test result is as shown in table 2, from R value
Size from the point of view of, influence growth the primary and secondary factor are as follows: nutrient solution concentration, concentration × interval time, interval time.Illustrate nutrient solution
Concentration it is maximum to the growth effect of tea seedling, most advantageous to the growth of tea shoot with the nutrient solution for diluting 4 times, average every plant sprouts
Length is 6.08cm.Its optimum combination is that fertilising in 1/4 nutrient solution+30 days is primary, and average every plant of length of sprouting reaches 6.25cm.
Influence of the various concentration and Different Fertilization mode of 2 foliar fertilizer of table to tea cutting seedling different stages of growth
Remarks: the K1 in table 2 indicates the average of the 1st hydraulic test result；K2 indicates being averaged for the 2nd hydraulic test result
Number；K3 indicates the average of the 3rd hydraulic test result；Maximum between R indicates horizontal is very poor.
3. applying influence of the Different Nutrition liquid to tea shoot planting survival rates
It is compared with optimum formula of the present invention and classical improvement Huo Gelande formula.Matrix is peat soil, each processing group
The length of every plant of sprouting is measured after closing 50 plants, 5 months.Test result is as shown in table 3, every plant average preferably inventive formulation
Length of sprouting is apparently higher than classical improvement Huo Gelande formula.
Influence of the different foliar fertilizers of table 3 to tea shoot survival rate
* improvement Huo Gelan is formulated: four water-calcium nitrate 945mg/L, potassium nitrate 506mg/L, ammonium nitrate 80mg/L, biphosphate
Potassium 136mg/L, epsom salt 493mg/L, iron salt solutions 2.5ml, liquid microelement 5ml, pH=6.0.
Iron salt solutions: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 2.78g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3.73g, distilled water 500ml, pH=
5.5。
Liquid microelement: potassium iodide 0.83mg/l, boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulfate 22.3mg/L, zinc sulfate 8.6mg/
L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, copper sulphate 0.025mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.025mg/L.
The present invention has following effects:
1. it is not influenced by the poor environments factor such as season, weather using a kind of method of factory culture tea shoot of the invention,
Anniversary quantity-produced high-efficiency agriculture system may be implemented.
2. the present invention is to have cut off a huge sum of money in tea tree and outdoor air and soil in " factory " inner realization tea tree multilayer cultivation
The contact of category.Whole process is grown in a closed environment, not by natural environment influence, the problems such as heavy metal free pollution, no disease and pests harm.
3. the plastic film of cultivating stand two sides is equipped with several ventholes close to ventilated membrane, convenient for the friendship of inner air and outer air
It changes, and is able to maintain the air humidity in cultivating stand, simply and conveniently.
4. the present invention is during the cultivation process, in addition to monthly replacing one time of nutrition liquid, slow-release fertilizer one is applied every half a year secondly, being not required to
Any operation is wanted, to reduce artificial cultivation cost.
5. the present invention can accomplish repeatedly to harvest, do not limited by season.
6. operation of the present invention is simple, practical, small investment, be suitble to it is in office where area's popularizing planting.
Batch production tea shoot cultural method of the invention is to realize crops by the ecological environment in control interior architecture
Anniversary quantity-produced high-efficiency agriculture system, planted by indoor goods-shelf type, " factory " it is inner carry out tea tree multilayer cultivation, cut
Break the contact of tea tree and outdoor air and heavy metal in soil.Tea tree whole process is grown in a closed environment, not by natural environment
It influences, heavy metal free pollution, no disease and pests harm.By the adjustment of light quality and light intensity, tea leaf quality can be improved.It is generally acknowledged in the world
The highest facility cultivation of degree of safety.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the present invention is furture elucidated rather than the limitation present invention, it is illustrated below in conjunction with example.
A kind of embodiment one: method of factory culture tea shoot, comprising the following steps:
1. selection tea shoot cultivating stand: in the good room of clean, thermal insulation property, putting the cultivating stand of several multilayers, cultivate
The clearance space of frame is to facilitate manual operation to be advisable；The length of cultivating stand be 125cm, width 50cm, a height of 50cm of layer, on
Face mounted LED lamp.Mobilizable transparent plastic film door is installed in a face in cultivating stand, for facilitating the operation of personnel；Its
The remaining transparent plastic membrane sealing in three faces；On the plastic film of cultivating stand two sides 2 are equipped with close to ventilated membrane for every layer
Blow vent, the diameter of blow vent are 2cm, and the humidity in cultivating stand is 75%~85%.
2. the control of environmental condition: temperature, 26 DEG C of daytime, 20 DEG C at night；LED light on cultivating stand is polychromatic light, light quality
440nm blue light+625run feux rouges+white light, and blue light: feux rouges: white light=1: 3: 1；Light intensity is 3000lx, and light application time is
12h。
3. matrix selects: using water plant or peat soil as matrix, by matrix in flowerpot, being placed in the pallet of 5cm high
In it is spare.
4. the selection and field planting of tea shoot: the health of excellent variety, the annual tea shoot of no disease and pests harm are selected, it is more with 800 times
30min is impregnated in bacterium spirit, and field planting is in flowerpot after taking-up is dried；It is irrigated after plantation with water, closes film door.
5. tea shoot compounding:
Weigh potassium nitrate 30000mg, ammonium sulfate 4600mg, 2500 mg of L-Glutamine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4000mg, chlorine
Change calcium 850mg, magnesium sulfate 1850mg, boric acid 10mg, manganese sulfate 40mg, zinc sulfate 15mg, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 373mg,
Ferrous sulfate 278mg, glycine 20mg, thiamine hydrochloride 1mg, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.5mg, threonine 20mg, after being dissolved with water
It mixes and is settled to 10L；As tea shoot nutrient solution.
6. fertilizing method: after tea shoot is planted 30 days, being poured with 4 times of dilution of tea tree nutrient solution, monthly；It is applied on basin
Slow-release fertilizer 9-11；The slow-release fertilizer is prepared by weight the ratio for N: P: K=30: 10: 10 and is granulated, 4 g of every 100 weights.
7, it picks tealeaves: when tea shoot tree crown, which reaches, to pick bud-leaf, can monthly pick once, until germination rate is obviously low
In normal value, then new tea shoot is replaced in tea tree aging.
By the method for the present embodiment, after transplanting 100 plants of tea shoot, 5 months, average every plant of sprout rate reaches 178%, and length reaches
To 6.58cm.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
(1) select tea shoot cultivating stand: to take length for 120~130cm, width be 50~60cm, the multilayer of a height of 40~50cm of layer
Shelf is as tea shoot cultivating stand, mounted LED lamp on cultivating stand；One side in cultivating stand installs mobilizable transparent plastic film
Door, the transparent plastic membrane sealing in excess-three face；The plastic film of cultivating stand two sides is equipped with several close to the logical of ventilated membrane
Stomata, controlling the humidity in cultivating stand is 75%~85%；
(2) control of environmental condition: placing several cultivating stands in the room, and indoor day temperature is 25~28 DEG C, evening 18
~20 DEG C；The light quality of LED light on cultivating stand is polychromatic light, and light intensity is 3000~5000lx, light application time 12h；
(3) matrix selects: using water plant or peat soil as matrix, by matrix in flowerpot, being placed in standby in the pallet of 5cm high
With；
(4) selection and field planting of tea shoot: selecting the health of excellent variety, the annual tea shoot of no disease and pests harm, with 800 times of more bacterium
30min is impregnated in spirit, and field planting is in flowerpot after taking-up is dried；It is irrigated after plantation with water, closes film door；
(5) potassium nitrate 30000mg, ammonium sulfate 4600mg, 2500 mg of L-Glutamine, phosphorus tea shoot compounding: are weighed
Acid dihydride potassium 4000mg, calcium chloride 850mg, magnesium sulfate 1850mg, boric acid 10mg, manganese sulfate 40mg, zinc sulfate 15mg, second two
Amine tetraacethyl disodium 373mg, ferrous sulfate 278mg, glycine 20mg, thiamine hydrochloride 1mg, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.5mg, Soviet Union
Propylhomoserin 20mg mixes and is settled to 10L, as tea shoot nutrient solution after being dissolved with water；
(6) it fertilizing method: after tea shoot is planted 30 days, is poured with 4 times of dilution of tea shoot nutrient solution, monthly；It is applied on basin slow
Fertilizer is released, every half a year is primary；
(7) when tea shoot growth, which reaches, to pick bud-leaf, every month, picking was primary, until germination rate is significantly lower than normal value, then
New tea shoot is replaced in tea tree aging.
2. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) described LED light,
Light quality and intensity of illumination are adjustable.
3. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) described plastics are thin
Film, with a thickness of 0.3-0.5mm.
4. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) described LED light
Polychromatic light is 440nm blue light+625run feux rouges+white light.
5. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) described LED light
Polychromatic light is blue light: feux rouges: white light=1: 3: 1.
6. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6) described slow-release fertilizer,
It prepares and is granulated by weight the ratio for N: P: K=30: 10: 10.
7. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6) described slow-release fertilizer,
4 g of every 100 weights.
8. a kind of tea shoot industrial planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6) the application sustained release
Fertilizer, amount of application are each 9-11 grain.
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